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FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

PUBLICATION 223
ZOOLOGICAL SERIES VOL. XIII

CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS

BY

CHARLES B. CORY
Late Curator of Zoology

Revised and continued by

CHARLES E. HELLMAYR

Associate Curator of Birds

PART III

PTEROPTOCHIDAE - CONOPOPHAGIDAE
FORMICARIIDAE

WILFRED H. OSGOOD
Curator, Department of Zoology

v NATURAL
HISTORY

CHICAGO, U. S. A.

November 20, 1924
THE LIBRARY Oh

FEB171938

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

THE LIBRARY

OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

' I
7,

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

PUBLICATION 223
ZOOLOGICAL SERIES VOL. XIII

CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS
AND THE ADJACENT ISLANDS

IN

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

INCLUDING ALL SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES KNOWN TO OCCUR IN NORTH
AMERICA, MEXICO. CENTRAL AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA, THE WEST
INDIES, AND ISLANDS OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA, THE GALAPAGOS
ARCHIPELAGO. AND OTHER ISLANDS WHICH MAY BE IN-
CLUDED ON ACCOUNT OF THEIR FAUNAL AFFINITIES

BY

CHARLES B. CORY
Late Curator of Zoology

Revised and continued by

CHARLES E. HELLMAYR

Associate Curator of Birds

PART III
PTEROPTOCHIDAE - CONOPOPHAGIDAE - FORMICARIIDAE

WILFRED H. OSGOOD
Curator, Department of Zoology

CHICAGO, U. S. A.

November 20, 1924
THE LIBRARY OF THE

FEB171938

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

530,5

V, \5>*

Cop. 2- PREFACE TO PART THREE

The present volume is one of a series with the same principal title

projected and partly produced by the late Charles B. Cory under

authorization by the Director and Trustees of Field Museum. The

series was planned to carry the same volume number ( XIII) throughout

~~ and the separate units were to be issued as Parts, some of which would

X be divided into Numbers. At this date, only Part II, consisting of two

numbers, has appeared. Part II, No. i, published in March 1918,

*O covered eleven families of birds from the Bubonidae to the Trochili-

^ dae, thus including the owls, parrots, kingfishers, nighthawks, swifts,

'r* hummingbirds, and some others. In December 1919, there followed

^Part II, No. 2, including nine families from the Trogonidae to the

Picidae, that is, the trogons, cuckoos, thickheads, toucans, jacamars,

puffbirds and woodpeckers.

While the preparation of subsequent parts was in progress, Mr. Cory
was seized by the illness which resulted in his death, July 31, 1921.
He left a large accumulation of undigested notes intended for use in
the future and manuscript in nearly finished form for at least one part
of the series. During his last days, under great handicap, such energy
as he could muster was devoted to this manuscript, and he never
relinquished the hope that the entire work might be finished. Through
the generous interest of Mr. Charles R. Crane, a life-long friend of
Mr. Cory, the fulfillment of this wish is now assured. With the assist-
ance of funds provided by Mr. Crane, the Museum has been enabled
to secure the services of Dr. C. E. Hellmayr to continue the work.
His familiarity with the principal collections of birds in Europe and
the fact that he has for many years devoted especial attention to the
study of Neotropical birds, render him particularly qualified for the
task. Indeed, if Mr. Cory had been able to make personal choice of
someone to complete the work, there is little doubt that he would
have selected Dr. Hellmayr.

Part III was left by Mr. Cory in an advanced stage of preparation,
but has required somewhat more revision than was anticipated. This
is because of the time that has elapsed since it was written, because
of many additional specimens received by Field Museum from recent
South American expeditions, and because of much knowledge which
the reviser brought to the work, particularly in regard to types and
other actual specimens personally examined in Europe. In the course

iii

of his previous work on Neotropical birds, he had accumulated many
critical and nomenclatural notes and these, also, have been brought
to bear in this connection. Therefore, Part III, as now issued, although
based on the manuscript of Mr. Cory and conforming in plan and
style to Part II, contains much information which was not previously
accessible. In the course of incorporating this, the entire manuscript
has been revised and verified to such an extent that all responsibility
for details rests with the reviser. The seven new names proposed are
additions on the authority of Hellmayr.

Part I, which logically should form the beginning of the series and
which will include the birds of relatively large size, will necessarily be
delayed until the others have been completed. Part IV, now in prep-
aration, will follow Part III, and will contain the two large families
Dendrocolaptidae and Furnariidae, the so-called Woodhewers and
Ovenbirds. The division of parts into numbers will be discontinued
so far as practicable.

In the present work, references will be found more numerous than
in the preceding parts, but no attempt has been made to give com-
plete synonymies. In the case of Central American forms included in
Ridgway's great work, only a few of the more important references
have been quoted, except where the species or subspecies is one subse-
quently subdivided. Particular care has been taken in working out
the geographical distribution and, except where otherwise stated, the
ranges as given are based on actual examination of specimens. In this
respect, the value of the work owes much to the fact that the reviser
had previously in preparation a monograph of the families here dealt
with, for which he had been accumulating material for the past twenty
years. Trinomials have been freely used for geographical representa-
tives, no matter whether complete intergradation has been proved or
not, this being in accordance with the reviser's convictions as to the
true expressions of natural affinities. On the other hand, moderation
has marked the recognition of generic groups in the belief that an
excessive number of monotypic genera obscures rather than clarifies
classification and the knowledge it represents. All references, unless
otherwise stated, have been verified. Measurements are given in
millimeters.

The cooperation of other museums, as formerly, has contributed
largely to the comprehensiveness of the work; in fact, it could scarcely
have been produced without the use of the specimens so freely and
generously loaned.

Acknowledgments are due for the loan of specimens to Mr. Outram
Bangs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.;

iv

Dr. F. M. Chapman of the American Museum of Natural History,
New York; Mr. George P. Engelhardt of the Brooklyn Museum;
Dr. E. W. Nelson of the Biological Survey; Dr. C. W. Richmond of
the U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. ; and Mr. W. E. Clyde
Todd of the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. For information con-
cerning material in the collections under their care, the reviser is
indebted to Dr. E. Hartert of Tring, England and Dr. Alfred Laub-
mann, Zoological Museum, Munich. Special thanks are due to Dr. C.
W. Richmond for critical examination of proof sheets.

WILFRED H. OSGOOD,

Curator of Zoology.

CONTENTS

Orders, Families and Genera included in Part III
ORDER PASSERIFORMES

SUBORDER MESOMYODI
FAMILY PTEROPTOCHIDAE
(Tapacolas)

Pteroptochos Kittlitz 3

Scelorchilus Oberholser 5

Rhinocrypta Gray 7

Teledromas Wetmore and Peters .... 8

Liosceles Sclater 8

Merulaxis Lesson 9

Scytalopus Could 10

Myornis Chapman 23

Triptorhinus Cabanis 24

Acroptemis Cabanis and Heine 24

FAMILY CONOPOPHAGIDAE
(Gnat Eaters)

Conopophaga Vieillot 25

Corythopis Sundevatt 34

FAMILY FORMICARIIDAE

(Antbirds)
SUBFAMILY FORMICARIINAE

Cymbilaimus Gray 37

Hypoedaleus Cabanis and Heine. ... 40

Batara Lesson 41

Mackenziaena Chubb 43

Frederickena Chubb 45

Taraba Lesson 45

Sakesphorus Chubb 52

Biatas Cabanis and Heine 61

Thamnophilus Vieillot 62

Pygiptila Sclater no

Megastictus Ridgway in

Neoctantes Sclater in

Clytoctantes EUiot in

Thamnistes Sclater and Salvin 112

Dysithamnus Cabanis 114

Thamnomanes Cabanis 129

Myrmotherula Sclater 133

Dichrozona Ridgway 165

Melanopareia Reichenbach 166

Myrmorchilus Ridgway 1 70

Herpsilochmus Cabanis 171

Microrhopias Sclater 179

Neorhopias Hettmayr 183

Drymophila Swainson 194

Terenura Cabanis and Heine 201

Psilorhamphus Sclater 204

Ramphocaenus Vteittot 205

Microbates Sclater and Salvin 210

Cercomacra Sclater 213

Sipia Hettmayr 224

Pyriglena Cabanis 225

Rhopornis Richmond 232

Myrmoborus Cabanis and Heine. . . .232

Hypocnemis Cabanis 239

Hypocnemoides Bangs and Penard. .244

Myrmochanes Allen 247

Gymnocichla Sclater , . 247

Percnostola Cabanis and Heine 250

Sclateria Oberholser 252

Myrmeciza Gray 258

Myrmoderus Ridgway 271

Formicarius Boddaert 278

Chamaeza Vigors 290

Pithys Vieillot 296

Gymnopithys Bonaparte 298

Rhegmatorhina Ridgway 305

Hylophylax Ridgway 307

Phlegopsis Reichenbach 316

Phaenostictus Ridgway 319

SUBFAMILY MYRMOTHERINAE

Myrmornis Hermann 321

Pittasoma Cassin 323

Grallaricula Sclater 325

Thamnocharis Sclater 331

Myrmothera Vieillot 33 1

Grallaria Vieillot 333

List of new names proposed in Part III

Scytalopus latrans sp. nov 1 1

Thamnophilus unicolor grandior nom. nov 84

Thamnophilus punctatus leucogaster nom. nov 94

Thamnophilus punctatus pelzelni subsp. nov 96

Melanopareia torquata rufescens subsp. nov 167

Sipia genus nov 224

Sclatena naevia toddi subsp. nov 253

Phaenostictus mcleannani pacificus subsp. nov 32 1

vu

CATALOGUE

OF

BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS.

PART III.

Order PASSERIFORMES.
Suborder MESOMYODI.

KEY TO THE AMERICAN FAMILIES OF MESOMYODI.*

A Syrinx tracheal (Tracheophonae).

a One pair of tracheo-bronchial muscles; tarsal envelope exaspidean or taxas-
pidean; metasternum either 4-notched or 2 -notched.
a 1 Sternum with one pair of posterior notches; nares holorhinal.

a* Tarsal envelope exaspidean ; intrinsic muscles absent; sterno-trache-
alis not attached to processus vocales ; palate schizognathous ; nostrils

not conspicuously operculate Family Conopophagidae.

b* Tarsal envelope taxaspidean; intrinsic muscles present; sterno-
trachealis attached to processus vocales; palate aegithognathous;

nostrils conspicuously operculate Family Pteroptochidae.

b 1 Sternum with two pairs of posterior notches; nares schizorhinal

Family Formicariidae.

b Two pairs of tracheo-bronchial muscles; tarsal envelope endaspidean b ;
metasternum 2 -notched.

b 1 Palate schizognathous; outer toe much shorter than middle toe, the
three anterior toes joined (fused) for much less than the length of the
basal phalanx Family Furnariidae.

c 1 Palate aegithognathous; outer toe nearly as long (sometimes quite as
long) as middle toe, the three anterior toes joined (fused) for the entire

length of the basal phalanges Family Dendrocolaptidae.

B Syrinx broncho-tracheal" (Haploophonae).

a Syringeal muscles anacromyodous; tarsal envelope exaspidean d ; middle toe

coherent with outer toe for not more than its basal phalanx, and to the inner

toe for less than its basal phalanx. d

a 1 Bill acute, cuneate, with tip of maxilla not uncinate; nostrils narrow,
overhung by a broad corneous operculum; tarsal envelope exaspidean;
feet relatively stouter Family Oxyruncidae.

Adapted from RIDGWAY (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 50, Part 4, 1907, p. 330)
with some slight alterations.

b The tarsal envelope, or acrotarsium, extending to and around the tarsus from
the inner side, the narrow plantar space being thus external instead of internal
(the reverse of exaspidean).

Vocal muscles inserted on the dorsal end of the bronchial semirings.

d I find decided individual variation in the extent of cohesion of the outer toe
with the middle and inner toes in some forms in several genera.

b 1 Bill not cuneate nor acute (bill usually more or less flattened), with tip
of maxilla more or less uncinate; nostrils usually rather rounded and
non-operculate, or, if narrow and operculate, with the operculum mem-
branous (not corneous) ; tarsal envelope exaspidean or quasi-exaspidean,

with feet relatively weaker Family Tyrannidae.

b Syringeal muscles catacromyodous ; tarsal envelope not exaspidean, or else
(Pipridae) the middle toe coherent with the outer toe for more than its basal
phalanx, or else (genus Piprites) coherent with inner toe for the whole of its
basal phalanx.
b 1 Heteromerous. b

b 2 Tarsal envelope exaspidean (as in Oxyruncidae and probably all
Tyrannidae); second phalanx of middle toe partly coherent with
outer toe, or else (genus Piprites) the first phalanx of middle toe

wholly coherent with inner toe. Family Pipridae.

c* Tarsal envelope not exaspidean (either pycnaspidean, d holaspidean,"
or modified taxaspidean) ; f the second phalanx of middle toe wholly
free from outer toe (or else in genus Phoenicircus with the inner side

of tarsus feathered), never wholly adherent to inner toe

Family Cotingidae.

c 1 Homoeomerous.s

c 2 Bill compressed, with tomia smooth; head crested; outer primary
abruptly attenuated at the tip ; inner secondaries abnormally broad,

truncated Family Rupicolidae.

d 2 Bill stout and conical (finch-like), with serrated tomia; head not

crested; outer primary and inner secondaries normal

Family Phytotomidae.

Vocal muscles inserted in the ventral end of the bronchial semirings.
b The main artery of thigh femoral.

8 (Tarsus exaspidean). "The anterior envelope (acrotarsium) extends entirely
across the outer side of the tarsus and around the posterior side, sometimes meeting
the starting point on the posterior portion of the inner side, the two edges usually
separated by a narrow strip or grove of smooth or nonscutellate membrane." (Ridg-
way)

d (Tarsus pycnaspidean). The plantar space on posterior side of tarsus broken
up into numerous small, irregular or rounded scutellae or granules.

(Tarsus holaspidean). The plantar space occupied by a single series of broad
more or less quadrate or rectangular scutellae.

1 (Tarsus taxaspidean). The plantar space occupied by two or rarely three rows
of smaller, quadrate, or rectangular, or hexagonal scutellae.

The main artery of thigh sciatic.

Order PASSERIFORMES.

Suborder MESOMYODI.

Family PTEROPTOCHIDAE.

TAPACOLAS.

Genus PTEROPTOCHOS Kittlitz.

Pteroptochos KITTLITZ, Mem. Acad. Sci. St. P6tersb., (sav. 6tr.), i, livr. 2,
1830,* p. 178 (type by subs, desig., Gray, 1840, Pteroptochos megapodius
KITTLITZ).

Hylactes KING, Proc. Comm. Sci. & Corresp. Zool. Soc. Lond., i, Jan. 1831,
p. 15 (type by monotypy Hylactes tarnii KING).

Megalonyx (not of Jefferson, 1799) LESSON, Centurie Zool., May 1832, p. 200
(type by monotypy Megalonyx rufus LESSON).

Leptonyx SWAINSON, Zool. Illustr., (2d ser.), 3, 1832-33, p. 117 (type by mono-
typy Leptonyx macropus SWAINSON).

*Pteroptochos tarnii (King). HUET-HUET.

Hylactes Tarnii KING, Proc. Comm. Sci. & Corresp. Zool. Soc. Lond., i, Jan.
1831, p. 15 (Island of Chiloe and Port Otway, Gulf of Penas, s. Chile);
SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 325 (s. Chile); SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis,
(n. s.), 5, 1869, p. 283 (Holt Bay, Messier Channel, s. Chile); SCLATER, Ibis,
1874, p. 202 (descr. and range); RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, 1889,
P- 135 (Port Otway, Gulf of Penas); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 349 (s. Chile); LANE, Ibis, 1897, p. 42 (Arauco; Corral, Rio Bueno; Puerto
Montt; Isl. Chiloe); LYNCH ARRIBALZAGA, Ann. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8,
1902, p. 163 (Lago General Paz, w. Chubut); DABBENE, Ann. Mus. Nac. B.
Aires. 18, 1910, p. 281 (Lago Gen. Paz); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 18, 1921,
p. 213 (s. Chile, from Concepcion to Holt Bay, Messier Channel; Lago Gen.
Paz, w. Chubut).

Hylactes tarnii tarnii PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, No. 9, 1923, p. 311
(Bariloche, Lake Nahuel Huapi, Gob. del Rio Negro).

Pteroptochos Tarnii DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, 1839, p. 70 (from the neighbor-
hood of Concepcion (lat. 37) to south of the Peninsula of Tres Montes,
s. Chile).

Dr. C. W. Richmond (in litt.) points out that livraison 2 of volume i of the
"Mdmoires de l'Acad6mie des Sciences de St. Peters bourg" was published in 1830.
Pteroptochos Kim.iTz, for which G. R. Gray unfortunately designated P. mega-
podius as genotype in 1840, thus gains priority over Hylactes KING, 1831.

4 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Leptonyx Tarnii D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. mend., Ois., 1838, p. 198, pi. 8,

fig. i (Valdivia, s. Chile).
Megalonyx ruficeps LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool.,

7, cl. 2, 1837, p. 15 (Valdivia, s. Chile).

Range: Southern Chile, from the neighborhood of Conception to
Messier Channel, and adjoining portions of the Argentine provinces
of Chubut and Rio Negro.

15: Chile (Curacautin i, Mafil i, Rifiihue 2, Rio Nireguao i, Chiloe
9); Argentina (Nahuel Huapi i).

Pteroptochos castaneus Philippi and Landbeck. CHESTNUT-BREASTED

HUET-HUET.
Pteroptochus castaneus PHILIPPI and LANDBECK, Anales Univers. Chile, 25,

No. 3, for Sept., 1864, p. 408 (Hacienda de la Puerta, Prov. Colchagua,

c. Chile).
Pteroptochos castaneus PHILIPPI and LANDBECK, Archiv Naturg., 31, (i), 1865,

p. 56 (Hacienda de la Puerta, Prov. Colchagua, 5000 ft., c. Chile) ; idem, 1. c.,

32, (i), 1866, p. 121 (same locality); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 325

(Colchagua, crit.).
Hylactes castaneus SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, P- 2 3 (descr.; Colchagua); SCLATER and

SALVIN, Exotic Ornithology, 1867, p. 58, pi. 29 (Colchagua); SCLATER,

Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 349 (Colchagua); ALLEN, Bull. Amer.

Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 99 ("Valparaiso"?!).
Pteroptochos Tarnii (not of KING) BRIDGES, P. Z. S. Lond., 9, 1841, p. 94

(Andes of Chile, 34-35 lat.).
Pteroptochos tarnii (not of KING) SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 170

("Island of Chiloe", errore!).
Range: Central Chile (Prov. Colchagua).

*Pteroptochos megapodius Kittlitz. TURCO.

Pteroptochos megapodius KITTLITZ, M6m. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb., (sav. etr.), I,
livr. 2, 1830, p. 182, pi. 4 (Valparaiso, Chile); DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3,
1839, p. 71 (central and northern Chile); LESSON, Rev. Zool., 5, 1842,
P- 135 (Valparaiso); BRIDGES, P. Z. S. Lond., n, 1843, p. in (Valparaiso);
CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, 1921, p. 15 (type, from Val-
paraiso, in Petrograd Museum).

Pteroptochus megapodius BIBRA, Denkschr. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
5. 1853, p. 129 (Chile; habits); CASSIN, U. S. Astron. Exp., 2, 1855, p. 184
(Chile).

Hylactes megapodius PELZELN, Reise Novara, Zool., i, Vogel, 1865, p. 60 (Chile);
SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 325 (Chile); idem, Ibis, 1874, P- 2 3
(descr. and range); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 349 (Chile); LANE,
Ibis, 1897, p. 44 (Hacienda Mansel, near Santiago); SCLATER, Bull. Brit.
Om. Cl., 7, 1897, p. 23 (egg descr.); SCHALOW, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4,
1898, p. 704 (La Serena, Coquimbo); BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 24,
1920, p. 143 (Valley of Nilahue, Prov. Curic6); idem, 1. c., 25, 1923, p. 179
(Prov. Aconcagua).

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 5

Megalonyx rufus LESSON, Centurie Zool., May 1832, p. 200, pi. 66 ("le sud du
Chile, dans le pays des Araucans et des Puelches"); LAFRESNAYE and
D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av. f i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, 1837, p. 15 (Chile).

Leptonyx macropus SWAINSON, Zool. Illustr., (?d ser.), 3, 1832-33, p. 117, pi. 117
(Chile); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. mend., Ois., 1839, p. 197 (Valparaiso).

Range: Central Chile (from Coquimbo to Curico); southern limit
not definitely established.

8: Chile (Limache 2, La Compafiia, Prov. Coquimbo i, Lampa i>
San Jose" de Maipo, Prov. Santiago 3, Pelequen, Prov. Colchagua i)-

Genus SCELORCHILUS Oberholser.

Scelorchilus OBERHOLSER, Auk, 40, April 1923, p. 327 (type by orig. desig.
Pteroptochos rubecula KITTLITZ).

*Scelorchilus rubecula (Kittlitz). CHUCAO.

Pteroptochos rubecula KITTLITZ, M6m. Ac. Sci. St. P6tersb., (sav. 6tr.), i, livr. 2,
1830, p. 179, pi. 2 (La Concepcion, Chile); idem, Denkwurdigk. Reise, i,
1858, p. 123 (Tom6, near Concepcion, Chile); DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3,
1839, p. 73 (from Concepcion to 47 lat. south, Chile) ; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1867, p. 325 (s. Chile); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris, n,
i95i P- 33 (Chile); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 213 (Valdivia,
Chile); CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, 1921, p. 14 (note
on type in Petrograd Museum).

Megalonyx rubecula LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., I, in Mag. Zool., 7
1837, cl. 2, p. 16 (Chile).

Leptonyx rubecula D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. m6rid., Ois., 1838, p. 196 (Valdivia).

Megalonyx rufogularis D'ORBIGNY, 1. c., pi. 7, fig. 3.

Megalonyx rufigularis LESSON, Rev. Zool., 5, 1842, p. 135 (Valdivia, Chilog).

Pteroplochus rubecula PELZELN, Reise Novara, Zool., i, Vogel, 1865, p. 60
(Chiloe) ; SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, p. 201 (descr. and range); idem, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 345 (s. Chile); RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 12, 1890, p. 135
(Port Otway, Gulf of Penas) ; LANE, Ibis, 1897, p. 40 (Puerto Varas, Llanqui-
hue; Rio Bueno, Calle Calle, Valdivia; Chiloe).

Pteroptocus rubecula DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, No. 8, 1914, p. 325 (Lago
Blanco Valley, w. Chubut).

Pteroptochos rubecula hylonympha PETERS,* Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 8,
March 21, 1923, p. 45 (Bariloche, Lake Nahuel Huapi, Gob. del Rio Negro;
type in Mus. Comp. Zool. examined by C. E. H.); idem, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 65, No. 9, 1923, p. 311 (Lake Nahuel Huapi).

The three specimens, forming the basis of this supposed subspecies and kindly
submitted to me by Mr. O. Bangs, prove to be indistinguishable from those obtained
at Valdivia which may be regarded as representing typical rubecula. Nor am I
able to discern any character that would serve to separate the large series from
Chiloe. C. E. H.

6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Pteroptochos rubecula nemorivaga WETMORE,* Univ. Calif. Publ., Zoo]., 21, No. 12,
June 16, 1923, p. 333 (Port Otway, "Straits of Magellan" = Gulf of Penas,
s. Chile).

Range: Southern Chile, from La Conception south to the Gulf of
Penas, and western parts of the Argentine provinces Rio Negro (Lake
Nahuel Huapi) and Chubut (Lago Blanco).

32: Chile (Curacautin, Prov. Malleco 6, Mafil, Prov. Valdivia
4, Isl. of Chiloe 20, Rio Aysen i, Rio Nireguao i).

*Scelorchilus albicollis albicollis (Kittlitz). Tococo. (PI. I)

Pteroptochos albicollis KITTLITZ, M6m. Acad. Sci. St. P6tersb., (sav. 6tr.), i,
livr. 2, 1830, p. 180, pi. 3 (Valparaiso, Chile); idem, Denkwurdigk. Reise, i,
1858, p. 136 (Valparaiso; type taken March 27, 1827); DARWIN, Zool
Beagle, 3, 1839, p. 72 (c. Chile); BRIDGES, P. Z. S. Lond., u, 1843, p. in
(c. Chile); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 325 (c. Chile); HELLMAYR,
Ann. Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 213 (D'Orbigny's specimens); CHROSTOWSKI,
Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., I, 1921, p. 14 (type in Petrograd Museum erroneously
stated to be from El Tom6, near Concepcion).

Pteroptochus albicollis BIBRA, Denkschr. math.-naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 5,
1853, p. 129 (Chile; habits); CASSIN, U. S. Astron. Exp., 2, 1855, p. 184
(Chile); GERMAIN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 7, 1860, p. 311 (Santiago;
nesting); SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, p. 201 (descr. and range); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 346 (part; Santiago); BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat.,
24, 1920, p. 142 (Nilahue, Prov. Curic6); idem, 1. c., 25, 1923, p. 179 (Cor-
dillera of Aconcagua).

Myiothera albicollis MEYEN, Nov. Act. Acad. Leop. Carol., 16, Suppl., 1834, p.
201 (Casa Blanca, Prov. Valparaiso).

Megalonyx albicollis LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., I, in Mag. Zool., 7,
cl. 2, 1837, p. 15 (Chile).

Leptonyx albicollis D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r. me'rid., Ois., 1838, p. 196. pi. 8,
fig. 2 ("Concepcion, Valdivia")- b

Megalonyx medius LESSON, L' Institut, 2, No. 72, Sept. 27, 1834, P- 3*6 (Valpar-
aiso); idem, Illus. Zool., 1835, pi. 60 (Valparaiso).

Three topotypes from Port Otway, for which I am indebted to the authorities
of the National Museum, Washington, differ from twenty-nine other examples by
their darker, more rufous brown (about "mummy- brown") upper parts, and deeper
(ferruginous rather than cinnamomeous) throat and chest. Only one specimen
(d 1 ad. Rio Inio, Chiloe, Jan. u, 1923, W. H. Osgood, coll. No. 3762) approaches
them very closely, and can hardly be separated by the slightly less rufous edges to
the rectrices. On the other hand, a 9 ad. from the Rio Aysen (not very far from
Port Otway), which we should have expected to belong to nemorivaga, is much paler
throughout, and like another from the Rio Nireguao, just across the Andes, abso-
lutely indistinguishable from Valdivia specimens. Certain peculiarities, especially
the pale color of the feet, strongly suggest that the Port Otway examples were
originally preserved in alcohol, which would also account for the darker rufescent
tinge of their plumage. Fresh material from the type locality is required to defin-
itely settle the status of nemorivaga, though it seems extremely unlikely that a
distinct race exists on the Peninsula des Tres Montes. C. E. H.

b Localities no doubt erroneous. D'Orbigny did not himself meet with the
species, but obtained his specimens from one M. Fontaine of Valdivia.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 7

Range: Central Chile, from Santiago and Valparaiso south as far
as Curic6. a

8: Chile (Olmue, Prov. Valparaiso 5, Lampa 2, San Jose" de
Maipo, Prov. Santiago i).

*Scelorchilus albicollis atacamae Hellmayr.* NORTHERN Tococo. (PI. I)
See lorchilus albicollis atacamae HELLMAYR, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Zool. Ser.,

12, 1924, p. 71 (Caldera, Prov. Atacama).

Pteroptochus albicollis (not of KITTLITZ) PHILIPPI, Reise Wiiste Atacaraa, 1860,
p. 162 (Quebrada de la Encantada, Prov. Atacama); SHARPE, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1881, p. 8 (Coquimbo); PHILIPPI, Orais, 4, 1888, p. 159 (Quebrada de la
Encantada) ; SCLATER, Cat. B.Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p-346 (part; Coquimbo);
SCHALOW, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4, 1898, p. 705 (Totoralillo, Bay of Coquimbo).
Pteroptochos albicollis SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 425 (Coquimbo).
Range: Northern Chile, in Prov. Atacama (Caldera, Quebrada
Leon, Quebrada de la Encantada) and Coquimbo.

4: Chile (Caldera i, Quebrada Leon 2, La Compania, Prov.
Coquimbo i).

Genus RHINOCRYPTA Gray.

Rhinomya (not of ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY, 1830) Is. GEOFFROY-SAINT HILAIRE,
Mag. Zool., 2, 1832, cl. 2, text to pi. 3 (type Rhinomya lanceolata Is. GEOFFR.-
ST. HILAIRE).

Rhinocrypta GRAY, List Gen. Birds, 1841, p. 25 (same type).

Rhinornis GISTEL, Naturg. Thierr. fiir hohere Schulen, 1848, p. x (same type).

*Rhinocrypta lanceolata (Is. Geoffroy-Saint Hilairi). GRAY GALLITO.
Rhinomya lanceolata ("Is. Geoffr. et d'Orb.") Is. GEOFFROY-SAINT HILAIRE,
Mag. Zool., 2, 1832, cl. 2, pi. 3 ("en Patagonie, sur les bords du Rio Negro");
LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, 1837, cl. 2, p. 15
(Patagonia); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. mend., Ois., 1838, p. 194, pi. 7,
fig. i (Rio Negro, Patagonia); DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, 1839, p. 70 (Rio
Negro).

Rhinocrypta lanceolata BURMEISTER, Journ. Ornith., 8, 1860, p. 251 (Mendoza,
San Juan, Catamarca, San Luis); SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, P- 198 (descr. and
range); WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 614 (Fuerte de Andalgala, Cata-
marca); SCLATER and HUDSON, Argent. Ornith., i, 1888, p. 206; SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 347 (Rio Negro, Mendoza, Cosquin, Cata-
There is no reliable record of its occurrence in Argentina. Burmeister (Jour.
Ornith , 8, 1860, p. 251), on whose authority the species is included by Sclater,
Dabbene and others in the Argentine fauna, did not secure specimens, but merely
believes having; seen it in the reeds around Mendoza!

b Scelorchilus albicollis atacamae HELLMAYR: Differs strikingly from S. a. albi-
collis by shorter tail, much more slender bill, and much paler coloration throughout;
the back being light brownish gray, instead of warm rufescent brown, with the bar-
ring cf the rump buffy whitish rather than ochraceous buff; the rufous of the head
much paler and restricted to the anterior portion of the crown; the cinnamon-
rufous of rectrices, upper tail coverts, lesser wing and primary coverts, and outer
web of remiges lighter; the greater upper wing coverts mostly brownish gray, only
the outer ones narrowly edged with pale cinnamomeous; the under parts more
whitish; the flanks paler buff. Wing ( 9 ad.) 74; tail 68; bill 19. C. E. H.

8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

marca); KOSLOWSKY, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, 1895, P- 282 (Chilecito, La
Rioja); LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, 1902, p. 193 (Tapia, Tucu-
man); idem, Revista letr. y cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3, 1905, p. 55 (Tapia);
MNGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris, u, 1905, p. 380 (Patagonia);
HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, 1909, p. 221 (Prov. Santiago [del
Estero], Mendoza); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, 1910, p. 281
(w. Argentina); SANZIN, El Hornero, i, 1918, p. 150 (Rodriguez Pena,
Prov. Mendoza); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 212 (Patagonia; range);
GIACOMELLI, El Hornero, 3, 1923, p. 73 (Rioja); PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 65, No. 9, 1923, p. 310 (Rio Colorado, Rio Negro).

Range: Western Argentina, from Tucuman and Catamarca south
to Neuquen and the Rio Negro, northern Patagonia.

2: Argentina (Tucuman 2).

Genus TELEDROMAS Wetmore and Peters.

Teledromas WETMORE and PETERS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 35, Mar. 20, 1922,
p. 41 (type Rhinocrypta fusca SCLATER and SALVIN).

Teledromas fuscus (Sclater and Salvin). BROWN GALLITO.

Rhinocrypta fusca SCLATER and SALVIN, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., 1873, p. 161
(Mendoza); SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, p. 198 (Mendoza); SCLATER and HUDSON,
Argent. Ornith., i, 1888, p. 207 (Mendoza); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 348 (Mendoza); HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, 1909,
p. 221 (San Juan; Cachi, Prov. Salta); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires,
18, 1910, p. 281 (San Juan, Mendoza); SANZIN, El Hornero, i, 1918, p. 150
(Precordillera of Mendoza); C. REED, El Hornero, i, 1919, p. 269 (Agua de
la Chilca, Sierra de Mendoza; nest and eggs descr.).

Rhinocrypta fulva LANDBECK, Anal. Univ. Chile, 41, No. 3, March 1872, p. 120*
(Mendoza; nom. nudum); LEYBOLD, Escursion a las Pampas Arjentinas,
Santiago, 1873, p. 5* (nom. nud.); SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, pi- 8.
Teledromas fuscus PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, No. 9, 1923, p. 311

(San Antonio, Gulf of San Matias).

Range: Western and southern Argentina (Cachi, Prov. Salta;
San Juan; Mendoza; Terr, del Neuquen ;& San Antonio, Gulf of San
Matias, Gob. del Rio Negro).

Genus LIOSCELES Sclater.

Liosceks SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1864, p. 610 (type by monotypy Pteroptochus
thoracicus SCLATER).

*Liosceles thoracicus thoracicus (Sclater). RED-BELTED BABBLER.
Pteroptochus thoracicus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1864, p. 609, pi. 38 (Salto do
Girao, on left bank of Rio Madeira); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 46
(Salto do Girao and Borba, Rio Madeira).

For verifying the above references we are indebted to Dr. C. W. Richmond.

b Specimens from Limay in the collection of the Munich Museum were found
to agree with a topotype from Mendoza. The species obviously deserves generic
separation, being quite distinct in structural characters from Rhinocrypta. C. E. H.

1924- BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS CORY. 9

Liosceles thoracicus SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, p. 200; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 344; GOKLDI, Alb. Av. Amazon., 1902, pi. 19, fig. 6.

Liosceles thoracicus thoracicus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 372 (Allianca
and Calama, Rio Madeira); idem, Verb. Orn. Gesell. Bayern, 12, No. 2,
Feb. 1915, p. 124 (Yahuarmayo, se. Peru); idem, Arch. Naturg., 85,
Abt. A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 115 (Yahuarmayo, se. Peru).

Range: West central Brazil (banks of the Rio Madeira); eastern
Peru (Yahuarmayo, north side of Sierra of Carabaya; Puerto Ber-
mudez, Ucayali drainage).

i: Peru (Puerto Bermudez).

Liosceles thoracicus erithacus Sclater. WESTERN BELTED BABBLER.

Liosceles erithacus SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 344 (Sarayacu,
eastern Ecuador).

Liosceles thoracicus erithacus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 372, in text
(e. Ecuador).

Range : Eastern Ecuador.

Genus MERULAXIS Lesson.

Merulaxis LESSON, Traitfi d'Orn., livr. 5, end of 1830, p. 397 (type Merulaxis
ater LESSON).

Sarochalinus CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 220 (type Merulaxis
rutilus LESSON).

Merulaxis ater Lesson. KNOB-CRESTED BABBLER.

Merulaxis ater LESSON, Traitfi d'Orn., livr. 5, end of 1830", p. 397 ("Mexique,"

errore; we substitute Rio de Janeiro; descr. o 71 ); idem, Cent. Zool., 1831,

p. 88, pi. 30 ("Mexique").
Merulaxis rutilus LESSON, Trait6 d'Orn., livr. 5, end of 1830, p. 397 (descr. of

9, the type in the Paris Museum examined by C. E. H., is from Rio de-
Janeiro).
Myiothera rhynolopha WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831,* p. 1051 ("Am

Flusse Belmonte," southern Bahia; descr. 9).
Merulaxis rhinolophus SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Am. B., 1862, p. 169; idem, Ibis,

1874, p. 197 (descr., range); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 343;

GOELDI, Alb. Av. Amazon., 1902, pi. 19, fig. 9; JHERING and JHERING, Cat.

Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 192 (Yporanga, Alto da Serra, Sao Sebastiao, Uba-

tuba, Sao Paulo).
Merulaxis rhynolophus ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., a, 1889, p. 257 (Rio

Belmonte; Wied's type).
Merulaxis rhynolopha M^N^GAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris, xi, 1905,

p. 380 (crit.).

See footnote a, on page 34.

io FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Malacorhynchus cristatellus MlfofcTRiES, Mem. Acad. Sci. St. P6tersb., (6th ser.),
3, Part 2, (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 523, pi. 12 (Serra d'Estrella, near Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil; one of the typical specimens examined in Paris Museum by
C. E. H.); CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, 1921, p. 25 (type
from Serra d'Estrella in Petrograd Museum).

Platyurus corniculatus SWAINSON, Ornith. Drawings, Part 5, 1840 (?), pi. 55
(c?), 56(9).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from southern Bahia (Rio Bel-
monte) to Sao Paulo.

Genus SCYTALOPUS Gould.

Scytalopus GOULD, P. Z. S. Lond., 4, "1836," publ. Feb. 1837, p. 89 (type by

subs, desig., Gray 1840, Scy talopus fuscus GOULD).
Agathopus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 69 (type Agathopus

micropterus SCLATER).

*Scytalopus fuscus Gould.* DUSKY BABBLER.

Scytalopus fuscus GouLD, b P. Z. S. Lond., 4, "1836," publ. Feb. 1837, P- 89 (part,
Chile; type apparently lost); JARDINE and SELBY, Illust. Ornith., (n.
s.), 4, 1838, pi. 19 (part; left figure); JARDINE, Contrib. Ornith., 4,
1851, p. 116, pi. 77 (part; left figure); BRIDGES, P. Z. S. Lond., 9, 1841, p. 94
("in various parts of Chile"); CASSIN in Gilliss, U. S. Astron. Exped., a, 1855,
p. 1 88, pi. 21, fig. 2 (Santiago, Chile); GERMAIN, Proc. Boston Soc. N. H.,
7, 1860, p. 310 (Santiago, Chile; nesting habits).

Platyurus niger SWAINSON, Anim. in Menag., Jan. 1838, p. 323 (Chile); JAC-
QUINOT and PUCHERAN, Voyage au Pole Sud, Zool., 3, 1853, p. 91, pi. 19,
fig. i ("Megalonyx negre" on plate) (Talcahuano, Chile; spec, in Paris
Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Scytalopus fuscus GOULD is apparently the Chilean representative of the uni-
form slaty blackish species of wide distribution in the Andes from Peru to Colombia
and western Venezuela, which had been confused by the earlier ornithologists with
5. tnagellanicus and more recently identified erroneously, we now believe with
S. niger of SWAINSON. While variable in shape of bill, it may be distinguished from
the northern bird by shorter wings, less elongated latero- frontal feathers, generally
lighter, more sooty gray coloration, passing into silky blackish on forehead and
crown, and by the narrow, dusky and buff barring on rump, flanks, and under tail
coverts. Besides, it has a different juvenile plumage. Wing (6 cf o* ad.) 51-53, tail
39X-42'. tars. 18-19; bill 12-13^.

Although authors admitted two species (5. fuscoides and 5. "niger") as occurring
in the central provinces of Chile, four adult males recently collected at or near Val-
paraiso, tend to show that the alleged specific differences are merely the extremes
of individual variation. The case will be more fully explained in another con-
nection. C. E. H.

b From the colored figures of the original examples published by Jardine and
Selby, and later reproduced by the first-named author, it is evident that Gould,
under the name 5. fuscus, had confused two different species, the brownish bird
with silvery edges to the forehead ("capitis plutnis nonnunquam argentato-griseis")
being no doubt referable to S. magellanicus; while the uniform slaty blackish speci-
men which obviously formed the principal basis of Gould's description ("S. corpore
toto fuliginoso-nigro") is an unmistakable representation of the dark extreme of the
c. Chilean bird. I do not see how we can avoid using the specific name fuscus in place
of Swainson's later term. C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. n

Conirostrum fuliginosum LESSON, Echo du Monde Sav., n (2), 1844, P- 3

(Chile).
Merulaxis fuscoides LAFRESNAYE, Contrib. Ornith., 4, Part 4, Oct. 1851, p. 149

(Chile; type in Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge examined).

Scytalopus fuscoides SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 325 (Prov. Santiago; crit.).
Scytalopus obscurus (not of KING)* DBS MURS in Gay, Hist. fis. pol. Chile, Zool.,

i, 1847, p. 308 (Chile); SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, P- *94 (central Chile);

idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 340 (Santiago, Chile).
Scytalopus niger MENEGAUX & HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris, u, 1905, p. 379

(part; Talcahuano, Chile; crit.); CHAPMAN, Auk, 33, 1915, p. 411 (part;

Valparaiso, Chile; spec, examined by C. E. H.); BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist.

Nat., 24, 1920, p. 142 (Nilahue, Prov. Curic6).
Scytalopus magellanicus (aot of GMELIN) BRIDGES, P. Z. S. Lond., n, 1843,

p. in ("in various parts of Chile") ; SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, P- *93 (part; Chile);

idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 338 (part; Santiago, Colchagua, Chile).

Range : Central Chile, from Province of Maule to Tofo (sixty miles
north of Coquimbo) b .

3: Chile (Olmue, Prov. Valparaiso 2, Pilen Alto, Prov. Maule i).

*Scytalopus latrans Hellmayr, sp. nov. c BLACK BABBLER.

Scytalopus magellanicus (not of GMELIN) SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, P- J 93 (part;
Ecuador); SCLATER & SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 528 (Santa Elena, d
Colombia; nest and eggs descr.); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1880, p. 202
(Cutervo, d n. Peru); BERLEPSCH & TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1884, p. 303 (part;
Cechce, d w. Ecuador); 1885, p. 102 (part; Banos, d Ecuador); TACZANOWSKI,
Orn. P6r., i, 1884, p. 529 (Cutervo, n. Peru); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 338 (part ; Cutervo, Peru; Quito, Ecuador; Santa Elena, Medellin,
"Bogotd," Colombia); BERLEPSCH & STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896,
p. 388 (Pariayacu, d Junin); SALVADORI & FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14,

Sylvia obscura KING (Zool. Journ., 3, No. n, 1828, p. 429: Port Famine, Straits
of Magellan), in spite of its somewhat dubious description, cannot possibly refer to
5. fuscus whose southward range does not seem to extend beyond the Province of
Maule. C. E. H.

b A single (apparently immature) specimen, obtained by R. Barros V. at Rio
de Castro, prov. Aconcagua, in the American Museum of Nat. Hist., I cannot sat-
isfactorily identify with any known species. It was recorded s. n. S. niger by the
collector in Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 25, 1923, p. 179. In the collection of the Berlin
Museum I have examined a specimen of what may prove to be a new species allied
to 5. fuscus. It is stated to have been taken by Wehrs at Mendoza, western
Argentina. C. E. H.

Scytalopus latrans HELLMAYR, sp. nov. : Similar to S. fuscus, but size larger,
especially wings longer, legs and feet stronger, bill as a rule stouter; latero-frontal
feathers much more elongated so as to form a sort of erect tuft; coloration generally
more blackish, without buff and dusky barring on rump, flanks or under tail cov-
erts. Wing 56-60, rarely less, once even 63; tail 37-44; tars. 21-23; bill 12-13.

Type in Field Museum Nat. Hist., No. 50864 adult (not sexed),Cerro Munch ique,
alt. 7000 ft., coast range west of Popayan, Colombia, June 7, 1911, W. B. Rich-
ardson.

Forty^four specimens examined. C. E. H.

d Specimens examined by C. E. H.

12 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

No. 362, 1899, p. 34 (Chaupi, Paramos of Illiniza, Lloa, Ecuador); GOOD-
FELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 67 (Pichincha, Papallacta") ; MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv.
g6ogr. Armfe Mes. Arc M6rid. Equat., 9, 1911, p. B. 30 (Monjas, Lloa).
Scytalopus niger (not of SWAINSON) MENEGAUX & HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris,
ii, 1905, p. 379 (part; Colombia, Ecuador); CHAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 411
(diag.; part, Zaruma, Gualea, Pichincha, Ecuador; western, central and
eastern Andes of Colombia); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, 1917, p. 359
(west of Popayan, Cerro Munchique, Cocal, Almaguer, w. Andes; Valle de
las Pappas, Laguneta, Santa Isabel, Santa Elena, c. Andes; Fusugasuga,
El Roble, El Pinon, e. Andes, Colombia).

Scytalopus mageUanicus niger (sic) LONNBERG & RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14,
No. 25, 1922, p. 67 (Pichincha, below Calacali, Ecuador).

Range: Temperate zone of the Andes, from western Venezuela
(mountains of Me"rida) through Colombia and Ecuador south to Dept.
Junin, Peru. b

2: Colombia (coast range west of Popayan i, Cerro Munchique i).

*Scytalopus macropus Berkpsch & Stolzmann. 6 GIANT BLACK

BABBLER.

Scytalopus macropus BERLEPSCH & STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 387, in
text (Maraynioc, Vitoc, Dept. Junin; type in Polish Natural History Museum,
Warsaw examined by C. E. H.).
Scytalopus fe moralis idem, 1. c., p. 387 (Maraynioc).

Scytalopus mageUanicus grandis CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., I,
1913. P- 285 (Tambo Ventija, ten miles east of Molinopampa, ne. of
Chachapoyas;= adult d").

Range: Peru (Maraynioc, Dept. Junin; Tambo Ventija, Dept.
Amazonas).

i: Peru (Tambo Ventija, type of 5. mageUanicus grandis Cory).

Specimens examined by C. E. H.

b Five examples from the Andes of M6rida (Laguneta, Escorial, Valle, Nevados) ,
obtained by S. Briceno, agree perfectly with others from Colombia, Ecuador and
Peru. C. E. H.

Scytalopus macropus BERLEPSCH & STOLZMANN: This is a very distinct species,
a true giant among it congeners, at once recognizable by its large size, powerful bill
and enormous feet. The adult male is uniform slaty blackish like S. latrans, with-
out any brown, the feathers of the body plumage above and below showing indis-
tinct paler edges when held against the light. The type of S. macropus is a bird in
first annual (post juvenile) plumage. The remiges and most of the upper wing cov-
erts retained from the juvenile dress, are dusky brown, the tertials slightly edged
with rufescent brown, and the rump as well as the lower flanks and thighs are dull
rufous brown, barred with blackish. Both specimens, the only ones known, have a
few isolated albinistic feathers in their body plumage. In structural characters,
S. macropus agrees very well with 5. latrans, but is in all proportions very much larger.

Middle toe

Wing Tail Tars with claw Bill

Type of 5. macropus ( c? 1 ist. annual) 73 53 30 28 16

Type of 5. m. grandis (c? 1 ad.) 78 54 30 28 15 %

C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS CORY. 13

Scytalopus speluncae (Menelnes) .* MOUSE-COLORED BABBLER.

Malacorhynchus speluncae MENETRIES, Mem. Acad. Sci. St. P6tersb., (6th ser.),
3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, P- 5 2 7 pi- *3. % * (near Sao Joao del Rey, Prov.
Minas Geraes; type in Petrograd Museum examined by C. E. H.) ; LAFRES-
NAYB, Contrib. to Ornith., 1851, p. 148 (ex MENETRIES); CHROSTOWSKI,
Ann. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Polon., i, 1921, p. 26 (note on type).

Scytalopus speluncae BURMEISTER, Syst. libers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 63 (Sao
Joao del Rey; ex MENETRIES); REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist.
Foren. Kjoben., 1870, p. 374 (SSo Joao del Rey; ex MENETRIES); SCLATER,
Ibis, 1874, P- J 93 ( ex MENETRIES); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
P- 339 (ex MENETRIES); HELLMAYR, Bull. B. O. C., 19, 1907, p. 76 (Serra do
Itatiaya, Rio; Alto da Serra, S. Paulo); JHERING & JHERING, Cat. Faun.
Braz., i, 1907, p. 191 (Alto da Serra, S. Paulo; range); LUDERWALDT, Zool.
Jahr. (Syst.), 27, Heft 4, May 1909, p. 348 (Campo Itatiaya, Rio; biol.); (?)
BERTONI, El Hornero, i, 1919, p. 258 (Puerto Leon, Misiones).

Scytalopus sylvestris (not of TACZANOWSKI) MIRANDA RIBEIRO, Arch. Mus.
Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 13, 1906, p. 185, pi. 2 (Retiro do Ramos, Bengalal de
Couto, Itatiaya).

Range: Mountainous districts of southeastern Brazil, in states of
Minas Geraes (near Sao Joao d'El Rey), Rio de Janeiro (Serra do
Itatiaya) and Sao Paulo (Alto da Serra); (?) Misiones, Argentina. 1 *

*Scytalopus unicolor unicolor Salvin. SALVIN'S BABBLER.

Scytalopus unicolor SALVIN, Nov. Zool., 2, 1895, p. 15 (Cajabamba, Huama-
chuco, n. Peru).

Scytalopus acutirostris (not of TSCHUDI) TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, i, 1884,
p. 532 (part, Montana de Nancho, n. Peru; one spec, in Polish Natural
History Museum, Warsaw, examined by C. E. H.).

Scytalopus speluncae (MENETRIES) : The adult male, by its slate gray coloration
with but very little brownish suffusion on the lower flanks, bears a striking resemblance
to the Peruvian S. unicolor, but has decidedly shorter wings, relatively and absolutely
longer tail, shorter as well as more slender bill, and is of a darker slate gray on the
upper parts. The female is mainly dull olive or rufescent brown above, with the wing
coverts and remiges dusky, edged or washed with color of back; sides of head and
under parts decidedly paler, mouse gray rather than slate gray; flanks and lower tail
coverts bright fulvous- brown, more or less varied with blackish spots or cross-bands.

Four cfcf ad. Wing, 53; tail, 46; tars. 19-20; middle toe with claw 17-18;
bill ioX-"#.

Four 9 9 ad. Wing 50-53; tail 43-46; tars. 19-20; bill n. C. E. H.

b According to Bertoni. No specimens from Misiones seen by us.

Scytalopus unicolor unicolor SALVIN: Adult much like 5. latrans in general
appearance, but plumage mouse- gray instead of sooty blackish; the flanks (and some-
times also the lower rump) washed with brown or fulvous. Wing ( o") 57-59; ( 9 ) 53-
57; tail 40-44; tars. 19-21; middle toe with claw 18-20; bill 12-13. -C. E. H.

14 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Range: Andes of Peru, in Depts. Piura (Palambla), Cajamarca
(Cajabamba, Nancho), Libertad (Huamachuco) and Huanuco (Panao);
southwestern Ecuador (Zaruma, Prov. del Oro)."

i: Peru (Panao Mts., near Huanuco).

Scytalopus unicolor canus Chapman* GRAY BABBLER.

Scytalopus canus CHAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 412 (Paramillo, Antioquia, w. Andes,
Colombia; type in American Mus. Nat. Hist, examined by C. E. H.); idem,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 359 (Paramillo).
Range: Temperate zone of the Andes of Colombia (Paramillo,
north end of western Andes ; La Leonera, due north of Paramo de Ruiz,
central Andes, Prov. Caldas).

*Scytalopus argentifrons Ridgway." SILVERY-FRONTED BABBLER.

Scytalopus argentifrons RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 14, 1891, p. 475 (Volcan de
Irazu, Costa Rica); idem, 1. c., 16, 1893, p. 613 (descr. of additional speci-
mens); SALVIN & GODMAN, Biol. Centrali-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 246
(Costa Rica); BANGS, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Cl., 3, 1902, p. 48 (Boqueteand
Volcan de Chiriqui, w. Panama); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910,
P- 594 (Volcan de Irazu, La Estrella de Cartago, Ujurrds de Terraba, Tur-
rialba), 332 (habits); FERRY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., i, 1910,
p. 271 (Coliblanco, Costa Rica); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,
p. 7 (Costa Rica and w. Panama); CHAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 421
(Costa Rica and w. Panama).

Range: Subtropical zone of Costa Rica and western Panama
(Volcan of Chiriqui).

3: Costa Rica (Coliblanco i, Irazu 2).

Scytalopus panamensis Chapman* PANAMA BABBLER.

Scytalopus panamensis CHAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 420 (Tacarcuna, e.

Panama).
Range: Eastern Panama (Tacarcuna Mts., Darien).

Birds from Palambla (Piura) and Nancho are practically identical with a series
of topotypes from Cajabamba and Huamachuco, collected by O. T. Baron, the dis-
coverer of the species. An adult male from the Panao Mts., near Huanuco, has some-
what longer wings (62 tf) and slightly stouter legs, and differs from all other examples
examined by having dusky cross-lines on the rufescent brown rump, flanks and under
tail coverts. An adult male from Zaruma, Ecuador agrees in size with specimens
from Northern Peru (wing 55; tail 40; bill 12), but is decidedly darker slaty above,
thereby approaching S. u. canus, and shows a few dusky cross-lines on the flanks.
C. E. H.

b Scytalopus unicolor canus CHAPMAN: Differs from S. u. unicolor in smaller size,
shorter bill, darker, more sooty coloration, more blackish on wings and tail, and by
the softer, decomposed texture of the barbs of the rectrices. Wing (three 99)
53; tail 32-34; tars. 19-21; bill 10-11. C. E. H.

S. argentifrons, S. panamensis and S. sanctae-martae are probably merely geo-
graphical representatives of the femoralis-group.

d Scytalopus panamensis CHAPMAN: "Most nearly related to 5. argentifrons, but
forehead black like crown; supra-ocular stripe whiter, broader, more pronounced;
under parts, particularly throat, paler gray, size larger, bill longer and heavier".
(Chapman, 1. c.).

1924- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 15

Scytalopus sanctae-martae Chapman.* CHAPMAN'S BABBLER.

Scytalopus sanctae-martae CHAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 418 (part; Valparaiso
(type), San Francisco, Santa Marta Mts.; type in Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist,
examined by C. E. H.); TODD & CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922,
p. 319 (Cincinnati, Pueblo Viejo).

Scytalopus sylvestris (not of TACZANOWSKI) BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13,

1899, p. lor (San Francisco); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13, 1900,
p. 162 (ex BANGS).

Scytalopus latebricola (not of BANGS) ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13,

1900, p. 162 (Valparaiso).

Range: Subtropical zone of Santa Marta Mts., northern Colombia.

Scytalopus atratus Hellmayr* BOYACA BABBLER.

Scytalopus atratus HELLMAYR, Ornith. Monatsber., 30, No. 3, May, 1922, p. 54

(Rio Negro, Boyaca, e. Colombia).

Range : Northeastern Colombia, in state of Boyaca (near Rio Negro,
30 km. southeast of Cocui, eastern ridge of eastern Andes).

*Scytalopus femoralismicropterus(Sc/ater). e RUFOUS- VENTED BABBLER.

Agathopus micropterus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, April 1858, p. 69 (Rio Napo,
e. Ecuador); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 168 (same locality).

Scytalopus analis (not Merulaxis analis LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER, Ibis 1874,
p. 196 (Rio Napo; "Bogota"); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 342
("Bogota"; Rio Napo); DUBOIS, Syn. Av., i, 1900, pi. 3, fig. 2;HARTERT,
Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 615 (Paramba, Prov. Esmeraldas, n. w. Ecuador)," 1

Scytalopus sanctae-martae CHAPMAN: Adult similar to S. argentifrons and
agreeing with it in small size, proportions of bill and legs, and in the rump, flanks
and under tail coverts being rufous brown, broadly barred with black; but differs
by the much lighter mouse gray (instead of slate or sooty blackish) pileum, mantle
and under parts; paler, more tawny rump, and by the silvery white of the head being
restricted to a small spot in the middle of the anterior crown; bill as a rule some-
what longer. Wing (three o* o* ad.) 53-55 ; tail 33-35 ; tars. 20; middle toe with claw
19-20; bill 13-13^. C. E. H.

b Scytalopus atratus HELLMAYR: Adult female nearest to S.femoralis micropterus
(SCLATER), but much smaller, with much more slender bill, weaker legs and feet;
plumage above and below much darker, slaty black (even deeper than in S. latrans);
the rufous brown on flanks much duller, more restricted and hardly variegated with a
few obsolete dusky cross-lines; the posterior uropygial feathers barely tipped with
dull rufescent. From 5. sanctae-martae it may be distinguished by somewhat longer
wings and tail, more blackish coloration, much larger silvery white crown patch,
by lacking the extensive rufous and black-barred area on rump, flanks, etc. Wing
(two 9 9 ad.) 57;tail4i, 42; tars. 20^, 21 ; middle toe with claw 19^. 20; bill 12)6.

Like S. argentifrons, S. panamensis and 5. sanctae-martae, this very distinct
form may possibly be a geographical race of 5. femoralis. C. E. H.

Scytalopus femoralis micropterus (SCLATER) : Exceedingly close to 5. /. femor-
alis, but averaging larger with stouter, longer bill; rufous-brown on rump gener-
ally brighter as well as more extended; upper parts, as a rule, more or less tinged
with brownish ; forepart of crown frequently with a silvery white spot. All of these
characters are very variable individually, and I should not be surprised if a large
series of Peruvian specimens proved micropterus to be inseparable from femoralis.

C. E. H.
d Specimens examined by C. E. H.

16 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Scytalopus micropterus TACZANOWSKI & BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 102
(Machay, Mapoto, e. Ecuador).*

Scytalopus micropterus micropterus CHAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 417 (Alto Bonito*,
Las Lomitas,* San Antonio, Pavas, Andes west of Popayan, Ricaurte,
w. Andes; Miraflores, Salento,' Laguneta, w. slope of c. Andes; El Eden",
La Palma, La Candela, 8 e. slope of c. Andes; Andalucia,' Bogota, Buena
Vista, e. Andes); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 361 (same
localities).

Scytalopus magettanicus (not of GMELIN) TACZANOWSKI & BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1885, p. 102 (part; 9, S. Rafael, east slope of Tunguragua, e. Ecua-
dor).'

Range: Subtropical zone (and adjoining portions of tropical and
temperate zones) of Ecuador and Colombia, ranging as far north as
Alto Bonito, Rio Sucio, in the western, and the neighborhood of Bogota,
in the eastern Andes.

i : Colombia (Andalucia, eastern Andes).

*Scytalopus femoralis femoralis (Tschudi). PERUVIAN RUFOUS-
VENTED BABBLER.

Pteroptochus femoralis TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10 (i), 1844, p. 281 ("Peru,"
we suggest Vitoc Valley, Dept. Junin as type locality; type in Museum
Neuchatel examined by C. E. H.); BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ.
Ornith., 53, 1905, p. 17 (crit. on type). b

Scytalopus femoralis TSCHUDI, Faun. Per., Aves, 1846, p. 182 ("e. Peru");
TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, i, 1884, p. 532 (descr. of Tschudi's type and of
a juvenile specimen from Ray-Urmana, n. Peru)."

Scytalopus sylvestris TACZANOWSKI," P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 138 (Paltaypampa,
and Maraynioc, Peru) 531 (same locality); idem, Orn. Perou, i, 1884, p. 531
(Paltaypampa, Pariayacu); SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, p. 195 (ex TACZANOWSKI);
BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 387 (Garitadel Sol;
Maraynioc, Pariayacu, Vitoc Valley).*
Scytalopus acutirostris (not of TSCHUDI) CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Mus., No. 117,

1921, p. 77 (Occobamba Valley, Urubamba district, ce. Peru)."
Specimens examined by C. E. H.

b On re-examination, the type proves to be unquestionably referable to the
Peruvian form of micropterus, agreeing particularly well with an adult male from
Garita del Sol, Vitoc. When publishing their note in 1905, the authors were not
acquainted with the various plumages of the members of this genus, which accounts
for their erroneous supposition that the type might be an "immature stage" of S.
"magettanicus" ( = latrans). It is a perfectly adult bird with uniform slaty blackish
bastard wing and primary coverts ! C. E. H.

" Although the types have disappeared, I have not the slightest doubt that
5. sylvestris is synonymous with 5. femoralis. Taczanowski's description of the
"adult" was evidently based upon a specimen in first annual (post- juvenile) plumage,
like the male from Pariayacu, Maraynioc, July 31, 1892, J. Kalinowski Coll. (War-
saw Museum, No. 2651), which, along with other valuable material, was kindly for-
warded to me by M. T. Chrostowski of the Polish Natural History Museum. No
representative of the group to which Taczanowski's name had been applied by auth-
ors has ever been found south of Colombia. C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS CORY. 17

Range: Peru, in Dept. of Amazonas (Ray-Urmana, Valley of
Huayabamba), Huanuco (Huachipa), Junin (Paltaypampa, Maraynioc,
Garita del Sol, Chilpes, Rumicruz) and Cuzco (Occobamba). a

i: Peru (Huachipa, Dept. Huanuco).

Scytalopus femoralis bolivianus Allen. b BOLIVIAN RUFOUS - VENTED
BABBLER.

Scytalopus bolivianus ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 98
("Reyes," n. Bolivia, locality no doubt incorrect; type in American Museum
of Natural History examined by C. E. H.).

Scytalopus micropterus bolivianus CHAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 418 in text (Bolivia,
Inca Mine, se. Peru; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Northern Bolivia and southeastern Peru ("Inca Mine" =
Santo Domingo, in northern portion of Dept. Puno).

*Scytalopus magellanicus (Gmelin). MAGELLANIC BABBLER.

Motacilla magellanica GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, (2), 1789, p. 979 (based on
"Magellanic Warbler" LATHAM, Gen. Syn. Birds, a, (2), p. 464: "Terra
del Fuego"=juv.).

The two Occobamba birds, while agreeing in general color and proportions
with the type and four other adults from Junin and Huanuco, differ slightly by
their paler, rufescent olive brown (not deep rufous brown) rump. This insignificant
divergency is very likely to be individual, since the northern form (S. f. micropterus)
shows as much variation in this respect. The young bird from Idma recorded by
Chapman (Bull. U. S. Mus., No. 117, 1921, p. 79) s. n. S. micropterus bolivianus
should, no doubt, likewise be referred to S. f. femoralis. C. E. H.

b Scytalopus femoralis bolivianus ALLEN: Similar to S. f. femoralis, but slightly
smaller, tail particularly shorter, and with a large silvery white spot on anterior
portion of crown. The latter is absent in all but one of the femoralis, specimens
examined, and even this has only a few white-tipped feathers. S. /. bolivianus is
known only from two skins in the American Museum collection, the type being an
adult, the bird from Santo Domingo in first annual (post juvenile) plumage. More
material is required to establish its claims as a valid race.

MEASUREMENTS

MID. TOE

S. f. bolivianus WING TAIL TARS. WITH CLAW BILL

Type from Bolivia (adult, not sexed) 56 35 32 > 22 12

o" ( i st annual) Santo Domingo 57 37 23 21 n^

S. f. femoralis

Type from Peru (c? ad.) 63 46 22

o 71 ad. Garita del Sol, Junin 59 44 21^

cf ad. Chilpes, Junin 61 49 24

d" ad. Rumicruz, Junin 64 48 23

<? ad. Huachipa, Huanuco 60 46 24

c? (ist annual) Pariayacu, Junin 58 40 23

cf ad. Occobamba, Cuzco 64 47 23

9 ad. Occobamba, Cuzco 61 38 22

C. E. H.

Here may also belong C. Buckley's specimen from Yungas, Bolivia, ( = S. sylves-
tris SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 626; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 341, part, spec. a).

1 8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Sylvia obscura KING,* Zool. Journ., 3, No. n, 1828, p. 429 (Port Famine, Straits
of Magellan).

Scytalopus fuscus GOULD, P. Z. S. Lond., 4, 1836, publ. Feb. 1837, p. 89 (part;
"in fretu Magellanico") ; JARDINE and SELBY, Illustr. Ornith., (n. s.), 4, 1838,
pi. 19 (part; right figure); JARDINE, Contrib. to Ornith., 4, 1851, p. 116,
pi. 77 (part; right figure).

Megalonyx nanus LESSON, Rev. Zool., 5, 1842, p. 135 (Chiloe; descr. d", 9);
LAFRESNAYE, Contrib. to Ornith., 1851, p. 150 (ex LESSON).

Scytalopus magellanicus DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, 1839, p. 74 (Port Famine,
Tierra del Fuego; islets of the Chonos Archipelago; Isl. Chiloe; "Falkland
Isl."); DES MURS in Gay, Hist. fis. y polit. Chile, Zool., i, 1847, p. 307
(Chiloe, "Concepcion") ; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 325 (from s. Chile
to "the Falkland Isl."); SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1868, p. 187 (Sandy
Point); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1878, p. 433 (Puerto Bueno, Isthmus Bay);
SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, P- *93 (part; Valdivia, Chiloe, Chonos Arch., Port
Famine, Straits of Magellan, "Falkland Isl."); CABANIS and REICHENOW,
Journ. Ornith., 1876, p. 323 (Straits of Magellan); RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S.
Mus., 12, 1890, p. 135 (Otter Bay, Port Churruca, Straits of Magellan; spec,
examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 338 (part;
spec, a-m, o, Straits of Magellan, "Falkland Isl.", Valdivia, Chile); OUSTA-
LET, Miss. Cap Horn, 6, 1891, p. B. 71 (Tierra del Fuego; isles of Hoste and
Button); LYNCH ARRIBALZAGA, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, 1902,
p. 163 (Lago General Paz, w. Chubut); DABBENE, 1. c., p. 368 (Ushuaia);
MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris, n, 1905, p. 378 (Tierra del
Fuego); CRAWSHAY, Birds Tierra del Fuego, 1907, p. 81, with col. pi. (Nose
Peak Forest); CHAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 411 (crit. ; Cape Horn region);
PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, No. 9, 1923, p. 310 (Bariloche, Lake
Nahuel Huapi, Neuquen).

Pteroptochos albifrons LANDBECK, Arch. Naturg., 23, (i), 1857, p. 273 (Valdivia,
Chile); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 99 (Valdivia, crit.).

Scytalopus albifrons RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 12, 1890, p. 135 (Port Otway
Gulf of Penas, s. Chile; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Scytalopus niger (not of SwAiNSON) b DABBENE, El Hornero, i, 1919, p. 262
(Lago Nahuel Huapi, Neuquen).

Range: From southern Chile (Malleco, Temuco, Valdivia) down
to the Straits of Magellan and Tierra del Fuego; western Argentina
(Lake Nahuel Huapi, Neuquen; Lake General Paz, western Chubut);
"Falkland Isl.".-

18: Chile (Curacautin 2, Rio Colorado, Prov. Malleco 3; Rinihue,
Prov. Valdivia 2, Rio Aysen i, Rio Nireguao i, Chiloe 9).

Although generally applied to another species, King's description refers, with-
out much doubt, to 5. magellanicus, the only representative of the genus found in
the Straits of Magellan.

b The two specimens which were kindly forwarded for my inspection by
M. Dabbene appear to me decidedly distinct from 5. latrans. Although slightly
different from Chilian examples, I am not inclined to separate them from magellani-
cus without further material. C. E. H.

Darwin's is the only record for the Falkland Isl., where it has not been taken
by any of the more recent travelers.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 19

Scytalopus latebricola latebricola Bangs.* BROWN'S BABBLER.

Scytalopus latebricola BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, 1899, p. 101 (Paramo
de Chiruqua (type) and Paramo de Macotama, Santa Marta Mts.; type in
Mus. Comp. Zool. examined); CHAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 416 (diag.; same
localities); TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922, p. 320 (San
Lorenzo, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Cerro de Caracas, Macotama,
Paramo de Macotama).

Range: Santa Marta Mts. in northern Colombia, at altitudes of
from 6,000 to 12,000 ft.

Scytalopus latebricola caracae Helltnayr* CARACAS BABBLER.

Scytalopus latebricola caracae HELLMAYR, Ornith. Monatsber., 30, No. 3, May
1922, p. 56 (Galipan, Cerro del Avila, n. Coast Mts. near Caracas, Ven-
ezuela).

Range: Coast range of Venezuela, in Dept. Federal Occidental
(Galipan, Cerro del Avila, Silla de Caracas).

*Scytalopus latebricola meridanus Hellmayr." MERIDA BABBLER.

Scytalopus latebricola meridanus HELLMAYR, Ornith. Monatsber., 30, No. 3,
May 1922, p. 58 (La Culata, Andes of M6rida, w. Venezuela).

Scytalopus griseicollis (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1875, p. 235 (Merida); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 340 (part;
Sierra Nevada, M6rida).

Scytalopus latebricola latebricola BANGS: Above mouse-gray; rump and upper
tail coverts cinnamon - or tawny brown, either uniform or narrowly barred with
blackish; wings mouse-gray like the back, some of the lateral scapulars and the ter-
tials sometimes slightly washed with brownish; tail sooty, tinged with brownish,
particularly on median rectrices; under parts lighter mouse-gray than the back,
flanks and under tail coverts cinnamon - or tawny brown, conspicuously barred
with blackish. Wing (o") 64-66, (9) 61-63; tail (o*) 43-46, (9) 42-45; tars. 23-24;
middle toe with claw 22-23^; bill 13-15.

This species is not unlike 5. griseicollis, but much darker below, with distinct
blackish bars on flanks and under tail coverts. Besides, it is much larger in all its
proportions, the feet being even heavier than in the 5. femoralis group, and the
bill is much stronger, more compressed laterally, with the culmen basally distinctly
ridged and more elevated than in any other species of the genus, approaching in
form that of Myornis senilis. C. E. H.

b Scytalopus latebricola. caracae HELLMAYR: Similar to 5. /. latebricola, but smaller,
with slenderer feet, decidedly weaker bill with basal portion of culmen not appre-
ciably ridged; tail more blackish, and color of upper and under parts darker, sooty
or slate-gray (instead of mouse or smoke-gray). Wing (o") 58-60, ( 9 ) 55-58; tail (o")
39-44, (9) 36-40; tars, (o") 22-23, (V) 20-21; middle toe with claw (j) 19-22,
(9) i8#-2o;bill 12-13. C. E. H.

Scytalopus latebricola meridanus HELLMAYR: Similar to S. 1. caracee HELLMAYR,
but with smaller bill, weaker feet, shorter wings, and also distinguished by the
decidedly lighter, mouse-gray rather than slate-gray under parts; brighter cinnamon-
brown rump and flanks, and by having the upper surface even in adult plumage
slightly washed with brownish. Wing (o") 56-60, ( 9 ) 53-55; tail (t?) 38-45, ( 9 ) 36-
42; tars. 19-21; middle toe with claw 18-20; bill 10^-12. C. E. H.

20 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Scytalopus sylvestris (not of TACZANOWSKI) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,

1890, p. 341 (part; spec, b, Bogota); CHAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 416 (Paramo

de Santa Isabel, c. Andes of Colombia; Paramo de Conejos, Sierra of Merida) ;

idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 360 (Paramo de Santa Isabel).
Scytalopus sanctae-martae (not of CHAPMAN) CHAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 418

(part; specimen from Andes of M6rida (6,500 ft.) in Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,

examined by C. E. H.).
Scytalopus magellanicus (not of GMELIN) BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S.

Lond., 1884, p. 303 (part; 9 from Chaguarpata, 5,700 ft., w. Ecuador, in

Mus. Warsaw examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Western Venezuela: Andes of M&ida (Los Duramos,
El Escorial, Santo Domingo, Culata, Conejos, La Cuchilla, Paramo
Frias, Heights of Tabay, Rio Mucujon) and Lara (Anzoategui, 10 km.
east of Humucaro); central and eastern Andes of Colombia, in
states of Cauca, Santander, Boyaca, Tolima and Cundinamarca;(?)
western Ecuador (Chaguarpata). a

8: Venezuela (Rio Mucuj6n, Me'rida 3, Paramo de Tama 5).

Scytalopus griseicollis griseicollis (Lafresnaye). RUFOUS-RUMPED
BABBLER.

Merulaxis griseicollis LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 3, 1840, p. 103 ("Santa F6-de-
Bogota," Colombia); idem, Contrib. to Ornith., 1851, p. 149 (Bogota).

Scytalopus griseicollis ScLATER, b P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 142 (Bogota); idem,
Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 168 (Bogota); idem, Ibis, 1874, P- *95
(Bogota); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 340 (part; Bogota); CHAP-
MAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 414 (Bogotd; El Roble, El Pinon, Chipaque, Tocai-
mito, above Bogotd, e. Andes); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
1917, p. 360 (same localities).

Merulaxis squamiger LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 3, 1840, p. 103 (Bogota; = juvenile
plumage); idem, Contrib. to Ornith., 1851, p. 150 (Bogota).

Scytalopus squamiger SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 142 (Bogota).

Scytalopus infasciatus CHAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 414 (Paramo de Beltran,
near Bogota; type in Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, examined by C. E. H.); idem,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 361 (same locality).

Range : Temperate Zone of the eastern Andes near Bogota.

It is possible that the range given above includes more than one race. Birds
from Santander, Boyaca, Tolima, Bogotd and Paramo de Tama (near Venezuelan
line) have the upper parts more strongly washed with brownish, and somewhat
lighter, less blackish tails than the Venezuelan series, though there is much individual
variation. A single female from Chaguarpata, changing from the juvenile into the
first annual plumage appears to belong to meridanus, being in general coloration
more like the Venezuelan than the Colombian birds; but it is slightly smaller than
any other example examined by the writer. (Wing 51, tail 32, tars. 18, bill 12).
More material is required to decide the status of the Ecuadorian form. C. E. H.

b I cannot imagine what S. griseicollis SCLATER (P. Z. S. Lond., 22, 1854, p. in)
from Quijos, e. Ecuador might be. In Ibis, 1874, p. 195, this author states that he
has four Bogota-skins and "never met with it from any other locality."

e After carefully comparing the type of 5. infasciatus with a large series of
"Bogotd '-skins, I have come to the conclusion that it is only an extremely dark

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS CORY. 21

Scytalopus griseicollis fuscicauda Hellmayr.* VENEZUELAN RUFOUS-
RUMPED BABBLER.

Scytalopus griseicollis fuscicauda HELLMAYR, Ornith. Monatsber., 30, No. 3,
May i, 1922, p. 55 (Paramo de Rosas, Est. Lara, w. Venezuela).

Range: Andes of Venezuela in states of Lara (Paramo de Rosas,
14 km. s. e. of Carache) and Trujillo (Guamito, Teta de Niquitao, a
little to the northwest of the town of Trujillo) at altitudes of from 3,500
to 4,000 metr.

*Scytalopus acutirostris (Tschudi). b SHARP-BILLED BABBLER.

Pteroptochus acutirostris TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10, (i), 1844, p. 282 ("Peru"'
type in Mus. Neuchatel examined by C. E. H.).

Scytalopus acutirostris TSCHUDI, Faun. Peru., Aves, 1846, p. 183 ("Ostseite der
Peruanischen Anden," we suggest Maraynioc, Dept. Junin as type locality);
TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6rou, i, 1884, p. 532 (part; descr. of type in Mus.
Neuchatel; Maraynioc [one o 71 "non adulte"], spec, in Mus. Warsaw exam-
ined by C. E. H.); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 388
(Maraynioc; spec, examined by C. E. H.); BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR,
Journ. Ornith., 53, 1905, p. 19 (crit. on Tschudi's type; synon.).

individual variant of 5. griseicollis, which is exceedingly variable in intensity of
coloration. I may add that Dr. Chapman (in litt.) now agrees with this view.

With respect to the second specimen from (El Roble) referred by Chapman to
his S. infasciatus, I must confess that I am altogether doubtful as to its proper dis-
position. In general coloration, it has a superficial resemblance to darker examples
of griseicollis, from which, however, the blackish tail and the broad blackish bars on
the flanks serve to distinguish it. It also recalls S. m. micropterus, but has no bars
on the rump, and a much smaller bill. From 5. /. meridanus, it differs by its stronger
legs, more blackish tail and much darker sooty upper and under parts. C. E. H.

Scytalopus griseicollis fuscicauda HELLMAYR: Differs in adult plumage from
5. g. griseicollis by the dark grayish or dusky brown (instead of cinnamon or russet
brown) tail. Even the juvenile dress is recognizable by the almost uniform dusky
brown rectrices, with seldom a few slight buff y cross-lines near the tip. Wing (four
o"o") 57-6o, (three 99) 55-57; tail (d") 41-44, ( 9) 40-43; tars. 20-22; middle toe
with claw 19-20; bill 11-12. Twelve specimens, all in Carnegie Museum ex-
amined. C. E. H.

b Scytalopus acutirostris (Tscnupi) : Resembles S. g. griseicollis in size, structure
and shape of bill, but differs by having the rump, flanks and lower tail coverts regu-
larly barred with black; the tail dark brown with irregular, light rufescent cross-
markings; the tertials barred with black and rufescent brown; the rump of a duller,
less cinnamomeous tinge, and the flanks less extensively as well as lighter ochraceous.
Wing 52-58; tail 35-41; tars. 19^-21; middle toe with claw 17^-19; bill 11-12.
C. E. H.

It is somewhat reluctantly that I accept Tschudi's term for this well-character-
ized form which may prove to be but a southern representative of griseicollis. The
type which I have recently compared again with a good series from Maraynioc and
nw. Bolivia (Illimani) is in very poor condition, has lost its tail and, owing to its
having apparently been preserved in alcohol for some time, its colors have been
alterated. All tints are darker and duller than in the other examples examined, with
which it closely agrees, however, in proportions and markings. The late Count Ber-
lepsch who had seen the type, was also of the opinion that it belonged to the southern
form of griseicollis with barred tertials, rump and flanks. C. E. H.

22 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Scytalopus simonsi CHUBB," Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 38, Dec. 1917, p. 17 (Choque-

camate, near Tapacari, Prov. Cochabamba, Bolivia).
Scytalopus sp., CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Mus., No. 117, 1921, p. 78 (Cedrobamba,

Urubamba region; Limbani, se. Peru; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Temperate zone of Peru in Depts. of Huanuco, Junin
(Maraynioc, Chipa), Cuzco (Cedrobamba) b and Puno (Limbani),
and Bolivia (Cocapata, Illimani, Unduavi, Choquecamate).

6: Peru (Huanuco Mts.).

Scytalopus indigoticus (Wied). WHITE-BREASTED BABBLER.

Myiothera indigotica WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1091 ("in

der Gegend von Bahia," e. Brazil).
Malacorhynchus indigoticus MENETRIES, M6m. Acad. Sci. St. P6tersb., (6th ser.)

3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 529 (ex WIED).
Myothera indigotica LAFRESNAYE, Contrib. to Ornith., 1851, p. 147 (Bahia;

ex WIED).
Malacorhynchus albiventris MENETRIES, Mein. Acad. Sci. St. Pfitersb., (6th ser.)

3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 525, pi. 13, fig. 2 ("la Serra d'Estrella, non loin

de Rio de Janeiro"); LAFRESNAYE, Contrib. to Ornith., 4, 1851, p. 147 (crit.);

CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, 1921, p. 26 (type in Petro-

grad Museum).
Scytalopus albiventris JARDINE, Contrib. to Ornith., 4, 1851, p. 118-10, pi. 76*

fig. 2 (Brazil; = adult).
Scytalopus albogularis GOULD, P. Z. S. Lond., 4, "1836," publ. Feb. 1837, p. 90

("in Brasilia") ; JARDINE and SELBY, Illus. Ornith., (n. s.), 4, 1838, pi. 20

( = ist annual plumage); JARDINE, Contr. Ornith., 4, 1851, p. 116-8 pi. 78

( = ist annual).
Scytalopus undulatus JARDINE, Contrib. to Ornith., 4, 1851, p. 117-9, pi. ?6

fig. i (hab. ign. ; = juvenile plumage).
Hypocnemis ? striativentris SALVADORI, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 7, 1864, p. 159

(Brazil; = adult).
Scytalopus indigoticus BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 63 (Bahia

to Rio de Janeiro); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, 1867, p. 46 (Mattodentro, Ypan-

ema, S. Paulo); SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, P- I 95 ( se - Brazil); BERLEPSCH and

JHERING, Zeits. ges. Ornith., 2, 1885, p. 152 (Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul);

ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 257 (Wied's type); SCLATER,

Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 34 (se. Brazil); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul.,

I have not seen the type, but a small series from w. Bolivia (Illimani, Unduavi)
in the Berlepsch Collection is perfectly identical with two from Maraynioc which
we may regard as topotypical of acutirostris. A female (ist. annual) from
Limbani, se. Peru in the Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, is exactly similar. The silvery
white superciliary streak appears to be an individual character, it being present
only in two of our Hudnuco examples, in an adult male from Chipa (Junin) and the
immature bird from Limbani. C. E. H.

b The two specimens from Cedrobamba have the flanks much brighter cinnamon-
rufous, and the tertials and rump likewise brighter tawny. They possibly represent
a separable race. C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 23

3, 1899, p. 249 (Iguap6, S. Paulo) ; idem, 1. c. 5, 1902, p. 301 (Iguap6; egg descr.) ;
idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul para o anno 1900, 1899, p. 131 (Mundo
Novo, Rio Grande do Sul); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris,
ii, 1905, p. 380 (Rio de Janeiro); JEERING and JEERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i,
1907, p. 192 (Ypiranga, Iguapd, Alto da Serra, Bauru, S. Paulo; Ourinho,
Parana).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul.

Scytalopus superciliaris Cabanis.* WHITE-BROWED BABBLER.

Scytalopus superciliaris CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 31, 1883, p. 105, pi. 2, fig. 2
("In der dritten Gebirgskette von Tucuman, westlich von Sauciyaca,"
w. Argentina); SCLATER and SALVIN, Arg. Ornith., i, 1888, p. 205 (ex CAB-
ANIS); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 342 (ex CABANIS); LILLO,
Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, 1902, p. 193 (Tafi, La Cienaga, La Hoyada,
Tucuman); idem, Rev. letr. y. cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3, 1905, p. 54 (same
localities); BAER, Ornis., 12, 1904, p. 224 (Lagunita, Prov. Tucuman);
DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, 1910, p. 280 (Tafi, La Cienaga,
La Hoyada, Prov. Tucuman; ? w. Catamarca (ex FONTANA)).

Range: Mountains of Prov. Tucuman, Argentina, at altitudes
of from 8,000 to 11,000 feet.

Genus MYORNIS Chapman.
Myornis CBAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 410 (type Merulaxis senilis LAFRESNAYE).

*Myornis senilis (Lafresnaye). ASH-COLORED BABBLER.

Merulaxis senilis LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 3, 1840, p. 103 ("Santa F6 de Bogota,"

Colombia; descr. of an albinistic example); idem, Contrib. to Ornith., 1851,

p. 149 (Bogota; full description).
Scytalopus senilis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 142 (Bogota); idem,

Ibis, 1874, p. 194 (Bogota); idem, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 340

(Bogotd); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 67 (Pichincha, Papallacta, Ecuador;

spec, in Tring Museum examined) 6 ; CBAPMAN, Auk, 32, 1915, p. 410 (crit.

on type; "Bogota," El Pinon, below Bogota, e. Andes; Laguncta, c. Andes,

Colombia; Pichincha, Ecuador).
Myornis senilis CBAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 362 (Lagun-

eta, c. Andes; El Pinon, e. Andes, Colombia); LONNBERG and RENDAUL,

Arkiv Zool., 14, No. 25, 1922, p. 67 (Pichincha).

Scytalopus superciliaris CABANIS: A very distinct species, differing from
S. indigoticus by the possession of a strongly pronounced, white superciliary stripe;
by the barred upper tail coverts; by having the throat only white, breast and abdo-
men slate gray; finally, by the black (instead of yellow) lower mandible. The basal
portion of the culmen is even more strongly ridged and elevated than in Myornis
senilis. Six specimens present the following measurements: Wing 50-54; tail 31-37;
bill H-I2. C. E. H.

b The specimen from Pichincha has a number of albinistic white feathers on
forehead and lores. C. E. H.

24 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Range: Temperate zone of central (Laguneta; Sancudo, Prov.
Caldas) and eastern Andes of Colombia (Prov. Cundinamarca,
Santander) and Ecuador.*

i: Colombia (Paramo de Tama, Santander).

Genus TRIPTORHINUS Cabanis.

Triptorhinus CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 219 (type by subs, desig.,

Gray, 1855, Troglodytes paradoxus KITTLITZ).
Malacorhamphus KITTLITZ, Denkwurdigk. Reise, i, 1858, p. 124 (type Mala-

corhamphus araucanus KITTLITZ = Troglodytes paradoxus KITTLITZ).

*Triptorhinus paradoxus (KittUtz). KITTLITZ'S BABBLER.

Troglodytes paradoxus KITTLITZ, M6m. Ac. Sci. St. PStersb., (sav. 6tr.) f i, livr.

2, 1830, p. 184, pi. 5 (La Conception, Chile); CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Mus.

Pol. Hist. Nat., i, p. 15 (the type in the Petrograd Museum is from El

Tom6 near Concepcion).
Triptorhinus paradoxus HARTLAUB, Naumannia, 3, 1853, p. 211 (Valdivia);

SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 325 (Valdivia); SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, p. 205

(descr.; Valdivia); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 351 (s. Chile);

LANE, Ibis, 1897, p. 45 (Coronel, Prov. Concepcion; Calle-Calle, Valdivia;

Chiloe).
Mer[ulaxis] analis LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 3, 1840, p. 104 ("du Paraguay ou

du Chile"); idem, Contrib. to Ornith., 1851, p. 149; CHAPMAN, Auk, 32,

1915, p. 418 (crit. on type; =T. paradoxus KITTLITZ).
Malacorhynchus chilensis MENETRIES, Mm. Ac. Sci. St. P6tersb., (6th ser.), 3,

Part 2, (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 527 (new name for Troglodytes paradoxus

KlTTL.).

Platyurus lepturus SWAINSON, Classif. Birds, 2, 1837, p. 319 (new name for

Troglodytes paradoxus KITTL.).
Malacorhamphus araucanus KITTLITZ, Denkwurdigk. Reise, I, 1858, p. 124,

(new name for Troglodytes paradoxus KITTLITZ).

Range: Chile, from Prov. Maule to Valdivia and Chiloe.
18: Chile (Pilen Alto near Cauquenes, Prov. Maule i, Concep-
cion 8, Curacautin, Prov. Malleco 3, Mafil, Prov. Valdivia i, Chiloe 5).

Genus ACROPTERNIS Cabanis and Heine.

Acropternis CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 20 (type Merulaxis
orthonyx LAFRESNAYE).

*Acropternis orthonyx orthonyx (Lafresnaye) . OCELLATED BABBLER.

Merulaxis orthonyx LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 6, 1843, p. 131 ("Colombie" =
Bogota); idem, Mag. Zool., (2nd ser.), 6, 1844, cl. 2, Ois., pi. 53 (Bogota).

Five birds from Pichincha are perfectly identical with a series from Caldas.
and a single male from Paramo de Tama, Santander. C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 25

Triptorhinus orthonyx SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 142 (Bogota).

Acropternis orthonyx SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, p. 204 (descr. and hab. part; Col-
ombia); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 528 (Santa Elena,
Antioquia); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 351 (part; Colombia
[Santa Elena, Medellin, Bogota] and Venezuela, Merida); CHAPMAN, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 362 (Laguneta, c. Andes).

Range: Temperate zone of Andes of Colombia (central and
eastern chain) and Venezuela (Merida).

8: Colombia (Bogotd i, Santa Elena i), Venezuela (Escorial 2,
Culata 2, Nevados i, Conejos i).

*Acropternis orthonyx infuscata Sahadori and Festa.* ECUADORIAN

OCELLATED BABBLER.

Acropternis infuscata SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362,
Nov. 1899, p. 34 (Frutillas and Lloa, Ecuador); LONNBERG and RENDAHL,
Arkiv. Zool., 14, No. 25, 1922, p. 67 (Chinquil, Pichincha).

Acropternis orthonyx (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER, Ibis, 1874, P- 204 (part;
Ecuador); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 351 (part; "Intac," Ecua-
dor); BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 116 ("Quito"); GOODFELLOW,
Ibis, 1902, p. 67 (Lloa and above Quito).

Acropternis orthonyx infuscata MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. geogr. Arc Merid. Equat.,
9, 1911, p. B 31 ("Haut Napo"); idem, Rev. Frang. d'Ornith., No. 43, 1912,
p. 388 ("Banos").

Range: Temperate zone of the Andes of Ecuador,
i: Ecuador.

Family CONOPOPHAGIDAK
GNAT EATERS.

Genus CONOPOPHAGA Vieillot.

Conopophaga VIEILLOT, Analyse d'une nouv. Ornith., 1816, p. 39 (type by subs.

design., GRAY, 1840, "Fourmillier a ailes (= oreilles) blanches" Buff on =

Conopophaga aurita [GMELIN]).
Brachyurus THUNBERG, Kongl. Vetenskaps Akad. Handl., 1821, Part 2, p. 371

(types Brachyurus gularis and B. ruber = Conopophaga m. melanops

[VlEELLOT]).

Ceraphanes BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., 1901, p. 115 (type Ceraphanes ano-

malus BERTONI = Myiagrus lineatus WIED).
Pseudoconopophaga CHUBB, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (gth ser.), 2, July 1918,

p. 122 (type Conopophaga melanogaster MENETR.).

Acropternis orthonyx infuscata: Differs from A. o. orthonyx by its decidedly
darker, more blackish lower parts. The other differences mentioned by the describers
do not hold good. Eight specimens from Ecuador compared with eight from Bogota
and seven from the Andes of Meiida. C. E. H.

26 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

*Conopophaga aurita aurita (Gmelin). CHESTNUT-BELTED GNAT EATER.

Turdus auritus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i (2), 1789, p. 827 (based on "Fourmillier a
oreilles blanches," Daubenton, PL enl., 822, Cayenne).

Pipra leucotis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i (2), 1789, p. 1003 (based on the same).

Conopophaga leucotis VIEILLOT and OUDART, Galerie Ois., i (2), p. 203, pi. 127
(no locality given); MENETRIES, Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, (6th ser.),
3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 532 ("Bahia"').

Conopophaga aurita SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 285 (Cayenne) ; SCLATER,
Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 330 (part, Cayenne); MENEGAUX and
HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris, n, 1905, p. 374 (part; Cayenne); JHERING and
JHERING, Cat. Faun. Brazil., i, 1907, p. 193 (part; Cayenne); BERLEPSCH,
Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 164 (Ipousin, French Guiana); SNETHLAGE, Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 261 (part; Guiana).

Conopophaga aurita aurita CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 2 (British
Guiana).

Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana.
2: British Guiana (Mazaruni River 2).

Conopophaga aurita occidentals Chubb* WESTERN GNAT EATER.

Conopophaga aurita occidentalis CHUBB, Bull. B. O. C., 38, Dec. 1917, p. 34
(Rio Napo, e. Ecuador; types in Brit. Mus. examined by C. E. H.).

Conopophaga aurita (not of GMELIN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 22, 1854, p. 113
(Quijos, e. Ecuador); SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 330 (part;
Ecuador); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris, n, 1905, p. 374
(part; Rio Javarri, Pebas, ne. Peru); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 699 (Archi-
dona, e. Ecuador); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 193
(part; Rio Javarri, Ecuador); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 371
(Allianca, Rio Madeira); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 261
(part; Amazonia, Ecuador); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
1917, p. 362 (Florencia, La Morelia, se. Colombia).

Range : Upper Amazonia, from the headwaters of the rivers Caquetd
(Florencia, La Murelia) and Putumayo (Cuembi) through eastern
Ecuador (Quijos, Archidona, Rio Napo) south to the Maranon
(Pebas), Javarri, and the left bank of the Rio Madeira (Allianca), Brazil.

Although Menetries states that the specimens described were obtained by the
German collector Freyreiss, who traveled extensively in e. Brazil, there must be
some mistake regarding the locality as C. a. aurita has never been found in the
state^of Bahia and is not likely to occur there.

b C. a. occidentalis differs from the typical race merely in having the sides of the
belly darker, more rufescent (or buffy) brown, and the middle of the abdomen buffy
white instead of pure white. A male from Allianca, left bank of the Rio Madeira,
agrees with the examples from Archidona, Rio Napo, Pebas, Rio Javarri and Cuembi,
Rio Putumayo, se. Colombia (i c? ad., obtained by Gustav Hopke, in the Frankfurt
Museum) which I have examined. C. E. H.

1924- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 27

Conopophaga snethlageae snethlageae Berlepsch.* SNETHLAGE 's GNAT

EATER.

Conopophaga snethlageae BERLEPSCH, Ornith. Monatsber., 20, Feb. 1912, p. 17
(Tucunar6, Rio Jamauchim (type); Cussary, lower Amazon, Brazil; type
in coll. Berlepsch, now in Senckenbergian Nat. Hist. Soc. Mus. Frankfurt,
examined by C. E. H.); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 261 (Cus-
sary; Rio Jamauchim [TucunareJ).

C. aurita (not of GMELIN) SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 288 ("Monte
Alegre" = Cussary !).

Range: Brazil, Lower Amazonia (Tucunare" on the Rio Jamau-
chim, an easterly tributary of the Tapajoz; Cussary opposite Monte
Alegre, south bank of Amazon River).

Conopophaga snethlageae pallida Snethlage. b PALLID GNAT EATER.

Conopophaga snethlageae pallida SNETHLAGE, Ornith. Monatsber., 22, March
1914, p. 39 (Cameta, Rio Tocantins, type in Goeldi Museum); idem, Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 262, 499 (Cameta).

Range: Only known from Cametd on the Tocantins, a southerly
tributary of the lower Amazon, Brazil.

Conopophaga melanogaster Menttrtes*. BLACK-BREASTED GNAT
EATER.

Conopophaga melanogaster MENETRIES, Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Pgtersb., (6th ser.),
3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 537, pi. 15, fig. 2 (= d") ("pres de Cuyaba,"
Matto Grosso; locality no doubt erroneous, we substitute Rio Madeira; type
in Petrograd Museum examined by C. E. H.); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868,
p. 92 (Borba) ; JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., x, 1907, p. 192 (Borba) ;
HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 22 (Itaituba, R. Tapaj6z); SNETHLAGE,
Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 514 (Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz); HELLMAYR,
Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 371 (Calama, R. Madeira; St. Isabel, Rio Preto;
Maruins, Rio Machados); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 263
(Arumatheua, R. Tocantins; Boim, Villa Braga, R. Tapaj6z); CHROSTOWSKI,
Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, 1921, p. 27 (note on type in Petrograd
Museum).

C, s. snethlagez BERLEPSCH is nearly related to, and may prove to be the east-
ern representative of C. a. occidentals from which it differs, in the male sex, by having
the black of the throat extended over the chest (which is bright cinnamon-rufous in
its ally); the belly much darker, ochraceous buff, with very little whitish suffusion
along middle of abdomen; the crown duller, less rufous brown, hardly different
from color of back. The female may be distinguished by its ochraceous belly and
rufous (instead of white) throat. Type: wing 69; tail 35; bill 13. C. E. H.

b C. snethlagez pallida SNETHLAGE is stated by its describer to differ from the
typical race by the lighter olivaceous color of the back, and paler ochraceous lower
parts while the female appears to approach C. aurita occidentalis in its mainly whitish
throat. This race is unknown to the authors.

e Made the type of the genus Pseudoconopophaga by CHUBB, mainly on account
of its larger size. The bird is, however, obviously closely allied to C. roberti which
cannot be separated genetically from Conopophaga.

a8 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Conopophaga melanogastra SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 331 (Borba).

Conopophaga rusbyi ALLEN, Bull. Araer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 96 (Reyes,
ne. Bolivia; = 9).

Range: Central and northern Brazil (from the upper Rio Madeira
east to the left bank of the Tocantins) and adjoining portion of
Bolivia (Reyes)."

*Conopophaga roberti Hellmayr* ROBERT'S GNAT EATER.

Conopophaga roberti HELLMAYR, Bull. B. O. Cl., 15, March 1905, p. 54 (Igarap6-
Assu (mis-spelled Attti), Pard); idem, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 292 (Igarapg-
Assu); idem, 1. c., 13, 1906, p. 373 (S. Antonio do Prata); SNETHLAGE, Ornith.
Monatsber., 14, 1906, p. 9 (S. Antonio; descr. 9); idem, Journ. Ornith., 55,
1907, p. 288 (Pard, S. Antonio, R. Capim); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun.
Braz., I, 1907, p. 192 (Pard); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak.
Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 51 (Ipitinga, Peixe Boi), 93 (Pard-localities) ;
SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 262 (Ananindeua, Benevides,
Apehu, S. Antonio, Quatipuni, Rio Capim, Baiao, R. Tocantins).

C. melanogaster (errore) GOELDI, Alb. Av. Amaz., fasc., 2, 1902, pi. 20, fig. i.

Range: Northeastern Brazil, Para district west to the right bank
of the Tocantins (Baiao), and adjoining parts of Maranhao.

2: Brazil (Tury-assu, Maranhao 2).

"Conopophaga peruviana Des Murs. FULVOUS-BELLIED GNAT EATER.

Conopophaga peruviana DES MURS in Castelnau, Exp6d. Am6r. Sud, Oiseaux,
livr. 18, June 1856, p. 50, pi. 16, fig. i (= c?), (Pebas and Nauta, ne. Peru;
type from Pebas in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.) ; SCLATER, P. Z. S.
Lond., 26, 1858, p. 68 (Rio Napo), 286 (Pebas, Nauta; Rio Napo; descr. c?);
SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 193 (Rio Napo); idem and SALVIN,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 277 (Chamicuros, Santa Cruz, e. Peru); TACZANOW-
S>KI, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 90 (part., descr. cf exsarayacu, e. Ecuador;
Pebas, Nauta, Santa Cruz, Chamicuros); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 331 (Chamicuros, Sarayacu, Rio Napo); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR,
Bull. Mus. Paris, u, 1905, p. 374 (crit. on type from Pebas); SNETHLAGE,
Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 18 (Bom Lugar, Ponto Alegre, Rio Purus); idem,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 262 (Rio Punis); HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg.,
85, Abt. A., Heft 10, 1920, p. 114 (Yahuarmayo, San Gaban, Carabaya,
se. Peru; characters).

An adult male from the Tocantins (Arumatheua) is practically identical with
examples from the Tapajoz and Rio Madeira. C. E. H.

b C. roberti HELLMAYR: Differs from C. melanogaster by much smaller size, much
weaker bill, with the lower mandible whitish instead of black, light russet
brown (instead of deep chestnut) upper parts, and by the postocular stripe,
pure white in both sexes, commencing behind (instead of above) the eye. In the
adult male the black color below does not extend beyond the chest, leaving an exten-
sive area in the middle of the abdomen white, while in C. melanogaster the entire under
surface is black, the lower flanks and under tail coverts only being gray. The female
of C. roberti may also be distinguished from its ally by the fight russet brown,
instead of sooty black cheeks and ear-coverts. Wing (c?) 69-72, (9) 65-69; tail
(cf) 35-39, (9) 32-36; bill 15-16. C. E. H.

IQ24- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 29

Conopophaga torrida SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lend., 26, April 1858, p. 68 (type from
Rio Napo, e. Ecuador; Chamicuros, e. Peru; = 9), 285 (same localities);
idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 193 (Rio Napo); TACZANOWSKI, Orn.
Perou, 2, 1884, p. 89 (descr. type spec, from Rio Napo; Chamicuros).

Range: Upper Amazonia, from Ecuador (Rio Napo, Sarayacu)
through the lowlands of Peru south to the upper Purus, Brazil,
and the northern slope of the Sierra of Carabaya, southeastern Peru.

i: Peru (Puerto Bermudez).

Conopophaga ardesiaca ardesiaca Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny.
D'ORBIGNY'S GNAT EATER.

Conopophaga ardesiaca LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool.,
7, 1837, cl. 2, p. 13 (Yungas, Bolivia; type in Paris Museum examined by
C. E. H.); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. mend., Ois., 1838, p. 188 (Yungas of
La Paz: Rio Meguilla and Carcuata); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 286
(Bolivia); idem, Cat. B. B. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 332 (Bolivia; "Rio Napo,
Ecuador"*); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, P- 625 (Tilotilo,
Bolivia); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris, n, 1905, p. 375
(Yungas).

C. ardesiaca ardesiaca HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 209 (Yungas).

Range: Bolivia (Yungas of La Paz and Cochabamba).

Conopophaga ardesiaca saturata Berlepsch and Stolzmann* PERUVIAN
GNAT EATER.

Conopophaga ardesiaca saturata BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, Part 2,
Sept. 1906, p. 119 (Huaynapata, Marcapata, se. Peru; type in Branicki
Museum, Warsaw, examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Southeastern Peru (Valley of Marcapata).

*Conopophaga castaneiceps castaneiceps Sclater.* CHESTNUT-HEADED
GNAT EATER.

Conopophaga castaneiceps SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, June 1857, p. 47 (part;
type from "Bogota" in British Museum examined by C. E. H.); idem, 1. c.,
26, 1858, p. 286 (part; Bogota); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 332

The locality "Rio Napo" is evidently erroneous.

b Conopophaga ardesiaca saturata differs in the male sex (the female being unknown)
from the typical race by much darker, deep rufous brown upper parts (without any
olivaceous tinge), more sooty sides of head, throat and breast, as well as by more
rufescent under-tail coverts. Six males, including the type, compared with five male
examples of C. a. ardesiaca. C. E. H.

Conopophaga c. castaneiceps: The male resembles C. ardesiaca saturata in dark
coloration of sides of head and underparts, but differs at a glance by having the fore-
head, lores and superciliary region bright ferruginous instead of slate-gray. Besides,
the pileum is much brighter (ferruginous instead of rufous brown), the back deep
neutral gray, and there is hardly any white in the middle of the belly. C. E. H.

30 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

(part; spec, a-d, Bogota); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus.
Paris, ii, 1905, p. 375 (Bogotd; crit.).

C. castaneiceps castaneiceps CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917,
p. 362 (La Candela, Andalucia, head of Magdalena River; Buena Vista,
e. Andes; La Frijolera, west slope of c. Andes, Colombia).

C. ardesiaca ? (not of LAFR. and D'ORB.) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 145
(Bogota).

C. gutturalis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 574 (Bogotd; type in Brit-
Museum examined by C. E. H.; = 9).

Range: Colombia (subtropical zone of eastern Andes: "Bogota,"
La Candela, Andalucia, Buena Vista; west slope of central Andes;
Frijolera).'

i: Colombia (La Frijolera).

Conopophaga castaneiceps chocoensis Chapman* WESTERN CHEST-
NUT-HEADED GNAT EATER.

Conopophaga castaneiceps chocoensis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 34,
Dec. 1915, p. 641 (Baudo Mts., Choc6, w. Colombia); idem, 1. c., 36, 1917,
p. 363 (Baudo Mts.).

C. c. castaneiceps (not of SCLATER) HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1176 (La
Selva, Rio Jamaraya, Choc<5).

Range: Western Colombia (tropical zone of Pacific slope of
western Andes).

*Conopophaga castaneiceps brunneinucha Berlepsch atid Stolzmann."
BROWN-NAPED GNAT EATER.

Conopophaga castaneiceps brunneinucha BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S,

Lond., 1896, p. 385 (La Gloria, Chanchamayo [type] and Garita del Sol,

Vitoc, Dept. Junin, Peru).
Conopophaga ardesiaca (not of LAFR. and D'ORB.) TSCHUDI, Fauna Peru., Aves,

1846, p. 179 (Peru); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 531 (Soriano,

Masayacu); idem, 1. c., 1882, p. 34 (Huambo).

It is somewhat doubtful if the specimens from La Frijolera, west slope of
c. Andes belong to the typical race.

b Conopophaga castaneiceps chocoensis: "Male with back mummy brown with an
olivaceous cast instead of deep neutral gray; crown chestnut instead of Sanford's
brown . . . ; under parts dark mouse gray in place of deep neutral gray; the center
of the belly whitish, the flanks heavily tinged with olivaceous." (Chapman, 1. c.).
This form is evidently very closely related to C. c. brunneinucha. The male,
unknown to me, appears to differ merely by smaller size (wing, 68; tail, 39). The
single female examined is distinguishable only by its slightly paler brown back (wing,
72; tail, 39). More material should be compared. C. E. H.

Conopophaga castaneiceps brunneinucha differs from the typical race in the
male sex by having the posterior portion of the pileum duller, more mixed with brown-
ish; the back decidedly mummy-brown without any blackish apical edges to the
feathers of the mantle; and by having the center of the belly extensively white,
while the female may be distinguished by the last named character. C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 31

Conopophaga castaneiceps (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884,

p. 88 (Peru).
Conopophaga peruviana (not of DES MURS) BANGS and NOBLE, Auk, 35, 1918,

p. 457 (Perico; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Tropical zone of central and northern Peru (La Gloria,
Garita del Sol, Soriano, Masayacu, Dept. Junin; Huachipa, Dept.
Huanuco; Valley of Huayabamba, Dept. Loreto; Perico near Taba-
conas, Dept. Cajamarca). 8

4: Peru (Huachipa 4).

*Conopophaga lineata (Wied). SILVERY-TUFTED GNAT EATER.

Myiagrus lineatus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Brasil., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1064 (Arrayal
[ = Cidade] da Conquista, s. Bahia; descr. 9).

Conopophaga vulgaris MENETRIES, Mem. Acad. Sci. St. P6tersb., (6th ser.), 3,
Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 534, pi. 14, fig. i (= c?) (Rio de Janeiro and Minas
Geraes; one of Mgnetries* original examples from Rio de Janeiro in Paris
Museum examined by C. E. H.); CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist.
Nat., i, 1921, p. 27 (type no longer in Petrograd Museum).

Conopophaga lineata BURMEISTER, System. Ubers. Thiere Bras., 3, 1856, p. 52
(Neu Freiburg); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 285 (descr., se. Brazil);
PELZELN, Ornith. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 92 (Mugy das Cruzes, Casa Pintada,
Ypanema, S. Paulo; Sangrador, e. Matto Grosso); REINHARDT, Videnskab.
Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 362 (Paracatu, Minas; Novo Friburgo,
Macahe, S. Clemente, Rio; Hytu, S. Paulo); PELZELN, Nunquam otiosus, a,
1874, P- 2 9* (Novo Friburgo); CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 1874, p. 85 (Canta-
gallo, Rio); (?) FORBES, Ibis, 1881, p. 345 (Quipapd, Pernambuco); BER-
LEPSCH and JHERING, Zeits. ges. Ornith., 2, 1885, p. 152 (Taquara, Rio
Grande do Sul); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 256 (Wied's
type in American Museum); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 333
(se. Brazil); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1898, p. 247 (S. Paulo); idem,
Annuario Estado Rio Grande do Sul para 1900, 1899, p. 131 (Rio Grande do
Sul) ; JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Cantagallo, Novo Friburgo);
MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris, n, 1905, p. 375 (Rio, Rio
Grande do Sul, Goyaz); MIRANDA, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 13,
1906, p. 184 (Itatiaya); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., I, 1907,
p. 193 (S. Paulo, Minas, Rio Grande do Sul); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15,
1908, p. 73 (Faz. Esperanca, Goyaz); BERTONI, Faun. Parag., 1914, p. 50
(Paraguay; Iguassu); CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i,
1921, p. 27 in text (Affonso Penna near Curitiba, Parand).

Ceraphanes anontalus BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Paraguay, 1901, p. 115 (Puerto Ber-
toni, Alto Parana, Paraguay).

Conopophaga anomala CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 517 (crit.; Sapucay, Paraguay).

a While there is a certain variation between specimens from Juniii and those
from n. Peru, they appear to be referable to the same race, distinguishable from
typical C. c. castaneiceps by the characters given above. The female from Tabaconas
which, thanks to Mr. Bangs, I was enabled to examine, pertains to C. c. brunneinucha,
and not to C. peruviana. C. E. H.

3* FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Conopophaga lineata anomala DABBENE, El Hornero, x, 1919, p. 263 (Santa Ana,
Puerto Segundo, Misiones).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from (?) Pernambuco and southern
Bahia down to Rio Grande do Sul, west through southern Goyaz and
Minas Geraes to eastern MattoGrosso (Sangrador), and adjoining parts
of Paraguay (Alto Parand, Sapucay) and northeastern Argentina
(Misiones).*

2: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro i, Faz. Cayoa, Salto Grande, Rio
Paranapanema, S. Paulo i).

*Conopophaga cearae Cory. CEARA GNAT EATERS

Conopophaga lineata cearae CORY, Field Museum Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., i,
No. 10, Aug. 1916, p. 337 (Serra Baturitg, Ceara).

Range: Northeastern Brazil (State of Ceard).
i: Brazil (Serra Baturite", Ceara).

^Conopophaga melanops melanops ( Vieillof). BLACK-CHEEKED GNAT
EATER.

Platyrhynchos melanops VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 27,
1818, p. 14 ('TAme'rique meridionale"; the type, examined by C. E. H. in the
Paris Museum, is a male obtained by Delalande, Jr., in the vicinity of Rio de
Janeiro); PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, 1855, p. 359.

I am unable to separate a series from Rio Grande do Sul and Paraguay (C. ano-
mala) from Rio examples (C. vvlgaris Men6tr.) with which a large number from
various localities in the state of S. Paulo agree, while three skins from Goyaz and
Sangrador (e. Matto Grosso) have the throat and chest decidedly deeper rufous and
the upper parts slightly more rufescent brown. In the absence of topotypical mate-
rial from southern Bahia, it is impossible to make out to which of the two apparent
races the name lineata Wied should properly be referred.

The sexes of this species differ only in the female lacking the silky- white postocular
tuft, this region being pale cinereous like the superciliary stripe. C. E. H.

b C. cearae, known from a single adult male, the type, appears to me perfectly dis-
tinct. It differs from C. lineata by the absence of the broad pale cinereous superciliary
stripe, so conspicuous a feature in the se. Brazilian species, the region above and
behind the eye being cinnamon-rufous like the crown. Forehead and loral region
decidedly tipped with sooty black; the postocular stripe narrower and of a purer
uniform silky- white; the upper parts more rufescent brown, especially the crown
bright cinnamon-rufous contrasted with the back; cheeks, auricular region, throat
and chest much brighter, more orange-rufous; the sides of the body bright ochraceous
instead of grayish or buffy-brown; the abdominal area more extensive and purer
white, not tinged with pale grayish. Wing, 73; bill, 13^. Although the late Mr. Cory
regarded it as a race of C. lineata, its characters, notably the lack of the grayish
superciliary stripe, appear to me of sufficient importance to accord it full specific
rank until further material is forthcoming. C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 33

Brachyurus gularis THUNBERG, Kong. Vetenskaps Akad. Handlingar, Stock-
holm, 1821, Part 2, p. 371, pi. 4, upper fig. (= d") ("Brasilia") ; LSNNBERG,
Ibis, 1903, p. 240 (crit; type in Upsala Museum).*

Brachyurus ruber THUNBERG, 1. c., p. 371, pi. 4, lower fig. (= 9) ("Brasilia").

Conopophaga nigrogenys LESSON, Traitfi d'Ornith., livr. 5, end of 1830, p. 393
("Br6sil, MENETRIES"; the type examined by C. E. H. in Paris Museum was
secured by MENETRIES near Rio de Janeiro; = cf); MENETRIES, M6m. Acad.
Sci. St. Pdtersbourg, (6th ser.), 3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 536, pi. 15, fig. i
(Rio de Janeiro).

Conopophaga dorsalis MENETRIES, M6m. Acad. Sci. St. P6tersbourg, (6th ser.),
3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, P- 533. pi- '4. fig- 2 ( = 9 ) (Sumidorio near Rio de
Janeiro; types examined in Petrograd Museum by C. E. H.) ; SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 333 (part, descr. " 9"; Rio) b ; CHROSTOWSKI, Ann.
Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, 1921, p. 26 (type from Sumidorio in
Petrograd Museum).

Conopophaga maximiliani CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 8
(s. Brazil); PELZELN, Ornith. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 92 (Registo do Sai, Rio de
Janeiro).

Myioturdus perspicUlatus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3,
(2), 1831, p. 1042 (Rio Itabapuana, s. Espirito Santo; descr. & cert).

Conopophaga perspicillata (err.) BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856,
p. 54 (Rio de Janeiro).

Conopophaga nigrigenys SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 334 (Rio,
S. Paulo) 8 ; JHERING Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1898, p. 248 (Iguap6).

Conopophaga melanops SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 286 (descr. d" 9 ;
Rio); CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 1874, P- 85 (Cantagallo) ; JEERING, Rev.
Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 159 (Cantagallo); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun.
Braz., i, 1907, p. 193 (S. Paulo localities).

C. melanops melanops MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris, xi, 1905,
p. 376. (crit. on types of P. melanops and C. nigrogenys; characters).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from southern Espirito Santo (Rio
Itabapuana) and Rio de Janeiro (Registo do Sai, Cantagallo, Petropo-
lis, etc.) to Sao Paulo (Iguape", Ubatuba, Alto da Serra, Sao Sebastiao).

i: Brazil (Rio).

* Although synonymized by Lonnberg with C. melanops auct. nee VIEILLOT
( = C. m. perspicillata) from Bahia, B. gularis is clearly referable to the southern
form, since the black frontal band, so conspicuous a character in the male of the
northern race, is neither mentioned in the description ("pileus totus rufo-ferrugineus")
nor indicated on the plate. Like so many other species described by C. P. Thunberg,
the type probably formed part of the collections presented to the Upsala Museum
by Westin, then Swedish Consul at Rio de Janeiro. C. E. H.

b I have examined in the British Museum the specimens labelled "C. dorsalis."
Those described by Sclater as "males" are, without exception, from Bahia, i. e. females
of C. m. perspicillata, while the alleged "females" with rufous-brown crown are all
from Rio, being thus referable to C. m. melanops. C. E. H.

The locality Rio Grande do Sul, is unquestionably erroneous.

34 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Conopophaga melanops perspicillata (Lichtenstein) . SPECTACLED GNAT
EATER.

Myiothera perspicillata LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 43

(Bahia).
Conopophaga ruficeps SWAINSON, Ornith. Drawings, Part 6, 1841, pi. 67 (= o"),

68 (= 9) (no locality given).
Conopophaga dorsalis (not of MENETRIES) BURMEISTER, System. Ubers. Th. Bras.,

3, 1856, p. 53 (Bahia); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 333 (part,

descr. "o*," Bahia; specimens in British Museum examined by C. E. H.).
Conopophaga melanops (not of VIEILLOT) PELZELN, Ornith. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 92

("Brasilien" = Bahia; specimens examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. Birds

Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 334 (Bahia).
Conopophaga melanops perspicillata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus.

Paris, n, 1905, p. 377 (Bahia; characters of 9); JHERING and JHERING,

Cat. Faun. Braz., I, 1907, p. 193 (Bahia).
Conopophaga peruviana (err.) TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 90 (part;

descr. 9 from Castelnau's Voyage in Brazil, erroneously supposed to be from

Peru, in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Eastern Brazil (State of Bahia).

Genus CORYTHOPIS Sundevall.

Corythopis SUNDEVALL, Kgl. Vet. Akad. Handl. for 1835, 1836, p. 93 (type

Myiothera calcarata WIED).
Hylocentrites BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., 1901, p. 126 (type Hylocentrites

ambulator BERTONI).

*Corythopis delalandi (Lesson). DELALANDE'S GNAT EATER.

Muscicapa delalandi LESSON, Trait6 d'Ornith., livr. 5, end of 1830," p. 392 (the
types examined by C. E. H. in the Paris Museum were obtained by Delalande,
Jr., in the vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, se. Brazil). b

Myiothera calcarata WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), 1831,* p. 1101 (no local-
ity given; the type in the American Museum Nat. Hist, is from se. Brazil).

Conopophaga nigro-cincta LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag.
Zool., 7, cl. 2, 1837, p. 13 (Chiquitos, e. Bolivia; type examined in Paris
Museum); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage, Ois., p. 187, pi. 6, fig. 2 (Santa Ana de Chi-
quitos); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 210 (crit.).

Hylocentrites ambulator BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Paraguay, Jan. 1901, p. 126 (Djagu-
arasapa, Alto Parana, Paraguay).

Corythopis calcarata BURMEISTER, System. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 58
(se. Brazil); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 287 (se. Brazil); PELZELN,

According to information received from Dr. C. W. Richmond, Lesson's name
has apparently slight priority. Wied's Beitr. Naturg. Bras., Bd. 3, Abth. 2 is listed
among the new books for the quarter of April to June, 1831, in the Foreign Quarterly
Review (London) for that year, while livr. 5 of Lesson's "Traite," although its
exact date of publication is in doubt, must have been issued long before April ist.,
as livr. 6 of this work came out about the first of March, 1831.

b Lesson's description is erroneous, the upper parts of the type specimens being
light brownish olive and by no means "gris cendr6." C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 35

Ornith. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 92 (Sapitiba, Rio de Janeiro; Ypanema, S. Paulo;
Villa Maria, Matto Grosso) ; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren.,
1870, p. 361 (Paracatu, Lagoa Santa, Minas); CABANIS, Journ. Ornith.,
1874, P- 85 (Cantagallo, Rio); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2,
1889, p. 256 (Wied's type); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 335
(se. Brazil; Chapada, Matto Grosso) ; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5,
1893, p. 121 (Chapada); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 159 (Canta-
gallo); SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 378, 1900, p. 18 (Tebi-
cuari, Paraguay); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris, n, 1905,
P- 377 (crit. on types in Paris Museum); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. F.
Braz., i, 1907, p. 194 (Itapurd, Rio Feio, S. Paulo; Chapada); CHUBB, Ibis,
1910, p. 518 (Sapucay, Paraguay); DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, 1914,
p. 325 (Santa Ana, Misiones); MENEGAUX, Rev. Fran?. d'Orn., No. 114,
1918, p. 317 (Villa Lutetia, near San Ignacio, Misiones); HELLMAYR, Nov.
Zool., 28, 1921, p. 210 (range).

Carythopis calcarata BERTONI, Faun. Parag., 1914, p. 50 (Paraguay, Iguassu).
Range: Southern Brazil (in states of Bahia, Minas Geraes, Matto
Grosso, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo), eastern Bolivia (Chiquitos), Para-
guay and northeastern Argentina (Misiones).

i: Brazil (Fazenda Cayoa, Rio Paranapanema, S. Paulo).
Corythopis torquata torquata Tschudi. TSCHUDI'S RINGED GNAT EATER.

Corythopis torquata TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10 (i), 1844, p. 279 ("Peru";
type in Neuchatel Museum examined by C. E. H. ; as type locality we desig-
nate Chanchamayo valley, Dept. Junin); idem, Fauna Peruana, Aves, 1846,
p. 177 (Peru); BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Ornith., 53, 1905, p. 16
(crit. on type; S. Mateo, n. Bolivia).

Corythopis humivagans TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 136 (Amable
Maria, Chanchamayo Dist., Peru), 531 (same locality).

Corythopis anthoides TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 34 (Huambo, certe;
(?) Yurimaguas, n. Peru); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 335
(part; specimen o, Huambo).

Corythopis anthoides humivagans TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 91
(Amable Maria, Huambo); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896,
p. 386 (La Gloria).

Corythopis torquata anthoides BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Ornith., 53,
i905t P- 17 (part; Huayabamba, Huambo,* certe; (?) Yurimaguas, Chami-
curos, Rio Huallaga).

Corythopis torquata torquata HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 210 (nw. Bolivia
and Peru).

More satisfactory material that came to hand since our note was published in
Jour. Ornith. for 1905, p. 16-17, shows the birds from n. Peru (Huayabamba Valley)
to be undoubtedly referable to the large form described by Tschudi as C. torquata.
Two adult males, while not quite as large as the type, agree in measurements with
other birds of the same sex from Chuchurras (Huanuco) and S. Mateo, n. Bolivia.
The tone of the upper parts in different individuals varies quite as much as in the
allied C. t. anthoides and C. t. sarayacuensis; but the pileum in C. t. torquata is always
brown like the back, just a little duller.

36 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Range: Northwestern Bolivia (Rio San Mateo, Yungas of Cocha-
bamba) and Peru (La Gloria, Amable Maria, Chanchamayo dist.;
Chuchurras, Dept. Hudnuco; Huambo, Huayabamba, Dept. Ama-
zonas).

Corythopis torquata sarayacuensis Chubb* AMAZONIAN RINGED GNAT
EATER.

Corythopis torquata sarayacuensis CHUBB, Bull. B. O. C., 38, Mar. 4, 1918, p. 48
(Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; type in British Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Corythopis anthoides (not of PUCHERAN) PELZELN, Ornith. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 92
(part; Borba, Rio Icanna); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 335
(part; specimen p, Sarayacu, e. Ecuador); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov.
Zool., 9, 1902, p. 80 (Nericagua, Rio Orinoco; La Pricion, Nicare, Caura R.,
Venezuela).

Corythopis torquata antho'ides BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Ornith., 53,
i95i P- i? (part; Borba, R. Icanna, R. Negro; Nericagua, Orinoco R.,
Caura R.; (?) Chamicuros, Yurimaguas, ne. Peru); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool.,
14, 1907, p. 392 (Humaytha); 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 372 (Calama, Jamarysinho,
Rio Madeira; Maroins, R. Machados); CHERRIE, Sci. Bull. Brookl. Mus., 2,
1916, p. 293 (Nericagua; La Union, Caura R.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28,
1921, p. 210 (part; Rio Negro, Rio Madeira, Venezuela, e. Ecuador, se. Col-
ombia).

Adult males of the various races measure as follows:

C. /. torquata Wing Tail

i Chanchamayo (type) ^6^ 64^

1 Chuchurras, Huanuco 73 57

2 Huayabamba, Amazonas 7i#, 73 56, 58 #
i S. Mateo, n. Bolivia 71^ 57

C. t. sarayacuensis

i Nericagua, Orinoco, Venezuela 65^ 53

i Nicare, Caura River, Venezuela 68 55

i Rio Icanna, R. Negro, nw. Brazil 65 52

3 Rio Madeira (Borba, Calama, etc.) 65, 66#, 69 51, 52* 53#

1 Sarayacu, e. Ecuador (type) 65 53

C. t. anthoides

2 French Guiana 67, 68 53, 54

1 Camacusa, Brit. Guiana 67^ 52

2 Para District, n. Brazil 64, 69 49i_54

E. H.

Specimens from the lower Huallaga (Yurimaguas, Chamicuros) most probably
belong to C. /. sarayacuensis. No material is available.

b C. torquata sarayacuensis: Distinguishable from C. t. anthoides by having the
pileum olive or rufescent brown like the back, instead of slate-gray. Six specimens
from the Rio Madeira, one male Rio Icanna, one female Rio Putumayo (se.
Colombia), two "Bogota" skins, one male Nericagua (R. Orinoco), one female Caura
and the type from Sarayacu differ in the color of the crown from a good series from
French and British Guiana and the Para District, while a male from Nicare, Caura,
points slightly towards C. t. anthoides to which a single female from Manaos seems
actually to belong. C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 37

Range : Amazonia, from the basin of the Caura (La Union, La Pri-
cion, Nicare) and Orinoco (Nericagua) west to the eastern slope of the
Andes in Colombia (Cuembi, Rio Putumayo) and Ecuador (Sarayacu),
south through northwestern Brazil (upper Rio Negro and tributaries)
to the Rio Madeira (Borba, Calama, Humaytha, Jamarysinho) and its
affluent, the Rio Machados (Maroins). s

Corythopis torquata anthoides (Pucker an). GUIANAN RINGED GNAT
EATER.

Musicapa anthoides (Cuvier Ms.) PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Paris, 7,
I &55, P- 334 (Cayenne; type in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Corythopis anthoides SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 288 (Cayenne); SCLATER
and SALVIN, 1. c., 1867, p. 577 (Para); PELZELN, Ornith. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 92
(part; [Barra do] Rio Negro = Mandos) ; SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 430 (Brit.
Guiana) ; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 335 (part; spec, a-m,
Surinam, Cayenne, British Guiana, Para).

Corythopis torquata anthoides BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Ornith., 53,
I 95 P- i? (part; Cayenne, Brit. Guiana, Surinam, Para, Manaos); HELL-
MAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 293 (Igarap6-Assti, Pard); idem, 1. c., 13,
1906, p. 373 (S. Antonio); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Mus. Paris, n,
1905, P- 3?8 (Cayenne, Camopi, Bartica Grove, Camacusa); SNETHLAGE,
Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 288 (S. Antonio, Pard); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool.,
15, 1908, p. 164 (Ipousin, R. Approuague); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math,
phys. Kl. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 93 (Pard, Igarap6-Assu,
S. Antonio); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 263 (Providencia,
Ananindeua, S. Antonio, Pard Dist.; Obidos); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28,
1921 p. 210 (part; Guianas); CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 3
(British Guiana).

Corythopsis anthoides MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, 1904, p. 177 (Camopi,
French Guiana); BEEBE, Tropical Wild Life, i, 1917, p. 132 (Bartica Grove).

Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana, north bank of lower
Amazon (Obidos, Mandos) and Pard District.

Family FORMICARIIDAE.

ANTBIRDS.

Subfamily FORMICARIINAE.

Genus CYMBILAIMUS Gray.

CymbUaimus GRAY, List Gen. Birds, 1840, p. 36 (type by orig. desig. Lanius
lineatus LEACH).

Birds from the lower Huallaga (Chamicuros, Yurimaguas) are probably also
referable to C. t. sarayacuensis. We have not seen specimens from either of these
places.

38 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

*Cymbilaimus lineatus lineatus (Leach). BANDED BUSH SHRIKE.

Lanius lineatus LEACH, Zool. Misc., i, 1814, p. 20, pi. 6 (Berbice, Brit. Guiana).

Cymbilanius lineatus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 74 (part; Barra = Mandos) ;
SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 423 (Bartica Grove, Camacusa); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 178 (part; Guiana, Camacusa, Bartica Grove,
Maroni R., Cayenne); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 150 (Ipousin,
R. Approuague); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 266 (part; Rio
Jary, Rio Jamundd [Far6], n. bank of lower Amazons*).

Cymbilanius lineatus lineatus HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, 1917,
p. 495 (crit., Guianas).

Cymbilaimus lineatus CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 6 (Brit. Guiana).

Cymbilaimus lineatus lineatus BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62,
No. 2, 1918, p. 66 (Lelydorp, Dutch Guiana).

Range : French, Dutch and British Guiana, south to north bank of
lower Amazon (Rio Jary, Rio Jamunda, Manaos).

5: British Guiana (Demerara R. 2, Mazaruni R. 3).

*Cymbilaimus lineatus intermedius (Hartert and Goodson). AMAZON-
IAN BUSH SHRIKE^

Cymbilanius lineatus intermedius HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, No. 3,
Dec. 1917, p. 495 (Amazonia from the Rio Tapaj6z to Peru, and Caura
River, Venezuela; type from Humaytha, left bank of Rio Madeira, Brazil).

Birds from Macujubim, w. Maraj6, which I have not seen, may likewise be
referable to the typical race. A male (in first annual plumage) from Far6 (Rio
Jamunda) is an extreme example of C. I. lineatus, having the entire upper part of the
head even more decidedly barred with white than the majority of Guianan
specimens. C. E. H.

b Cymbilaimus lineatus intermedius (HARTERT and GOODSON): Differs from
C. I. lineatus only by the uniform black crown and nape of the male and the rufous
instead of buffy tail-bands of the female.

The individual variation, in members of this genus, is much greater than Hartert
and Goodson imagined. With 28 C. I. lineatus from the Guianas and 29 C. I. inter-
medius from Amazonia and the Caura basin before me, I fail to see between the two
series the slightest difference in the amount or width of the black and white bars
on upper or lower parts. I notice, however, that males of the former have the top
of the head more of less distinctly, though narrowly barred with white, while in the
females the transverse bands on the rectrices are pale buff or even dingy whitish. A
male from Far6 (Rio Jamunda) is an extreme example of C. I. lineatus which, thus,
ranges south to the north bank of the Amazons. Males from Santarem (8), w.
Mattogrosso (i), n. Peru (i) and the Caura River, Venezuela (3), on the other hand,
have the top of the head solidly black, the forehead only being streaked or mixed
with white, and the tail-bands of the females are decidedly rufescent, sometimes
even bright cinnamon-rufous. Females from Boim (left bank of Tapaj6z) and the Rio
Roosevelt are deep ochreous buff beneath, agreeing in this respect with dark bellied
examples from French and British Guiana, whereas eight females from Santarem
(right bank of the Tapaj6z) are generally paler, light buff or creamy white on the
under parts. This apparent divergency loses, however, much of its weight in view
of the fact that in a series of four females from the Caura, one is even darker than
those from Boim and Rio Roosevelt, one fully as pale as the lightest-bellied from
Santarem, while the two remaining ones are not distinguishable from the Guianan
average. Their tail-bands are decidedly rufescent as in Amazonian specimens. The

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 39

CymbUanius lineatus, SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1854, p. 112 (Quijos, e. Ecuador);
SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1866, p. 566 (Nauta); idem, 1. c., 1867, p. 978
(Pebas); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 272 (Pebas, Nauta); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., a,
1868, p. 74 (part; Borba; Marabitanas, R. Negro); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1874, p. 529 (Monterico); idem, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. i (Peru);
ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., a, 1889, p. 74 (Rio Napo); SCLATER,
Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 178 (part; e. Ecuador; Ega; Pebas, Nauta,
Iquitos, Cosnipata, Peru); RIKER and CHAPMAN, Auk, 8, 1891, p. 28 (San-
tarem); SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, p. 27
(Rio Santiago, e. Ecuador); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902,
p. 68 (La Pricion, Nicare, Suapure, Caura River, Venez.); HELLMAYR, Nov.
Zool., 14, 1907, p. 60 (Teff6), 369 (Humaytha, Paraiso, Borba, Rio Madeira);
idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 336 (Calama, Allianca, Rio Madeira); SNETHLAGE,
Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 530 (Alcobaca, Tocantins); idem, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 266 (part; Tocantins, Xingti, Santarem, R. Tapaj<5z,
R. Jamauchim).

CymbUaimus lineatus lineatus CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916,
p. 275 (Suapure, La Union, Caura); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
36, 1917, p. 363 (Florencia, La Murelia, se. Colombia).

Thamnophilus radiatus (err.) JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 439 (Rio
Jurua; 9 examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Amazonia, from the Tocantins westward; in Brazil only
south of the Amazon, ranging as far south as western Matto Grosso
(Roosevelt River and Morinho Lyra) ; Peru; northward through eastern
Ecuador to eastern Colombia (Caquetd region) and east to the upper
Rio Negro (Marabitanas) and the Caura River, Venezuela; (?) north-
eastern Colombia (El Tambor, Rio Lebrija).

4: Peru (Rioja 2, Huachipa 2).

*Cymbilaimus lineatus fasciatus (Ridgway). FASCIATED BUSH SHRIKE.*

Cymbilanius lineatus fasciatus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 6, April 1884, p. 404
(Los Sabalos, Nicaragua); HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1157 (Condoto,
w. Colombia); BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, No. 6,
1922, p. 206 (Jesu^ito, Dariep).

tone of the cross-bars on back and wings likewise varies, females from Boim, w.
Mattogrosso, Peru, and e. Colombia being, as a rule, brighter ochreous than those
from Santarem which agree with lineatus from the Guianas, while the Caura birds
in this respect, too, are extremely variable.

Three adult males and an immature one from El Tambor, Rio Lebrija, San lander,
e. Colombia, in the Carnegie Museum appear to be referable to C. I. intermedius
rather than to C. I. fasciatus, although additional material, especially females, should
be examined to make sure of their identification. C. E. H.

CymbUaimus lineatus fasciatus is an ill-defined race, differing from lineatus and
intermedius by averaging larger with a stronger, more powerful bill and by gener-
ally broader black bars underneath, especially on the throat. Females, in their
rufescent tail-bands, closely resemble those of intermedius but are as a rule more
strongly barred below. Unlike the eastern forms, the upper part of the head in
the adult male of fasciatus is variable, being either uniform black as in intermedius
or barred with white as in lineatus.

40 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Cymbilanius lineatus SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 178 (part;
Costa Rica to Panama); HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 492 (Cachabi,
n. Ecuador).

Cymbilaimus lineatus fasciatus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 19
(monogr., synonymy excl. references to Peruvian and e. Ecuadorian locali-
ties); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 363 (Novita,
Noanama, Barbacoas, w. Colombia); STONE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 70, 1918,
p. 259 (Gatun, Panama).

Cymbilanius lineatus subsp. nov. ?, HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24,
1917, p. 495 (nw. Ecuador).*

Range: Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama, southward through
western Colombia (Pacific lowlands) 6 to Prov. Esmeraldas, north-
western Ecuador.

3: Costa Rica (Guayabo 2), Ecuador (Cayapas i).

Genus HYPOEDALEUS Cabanis and Heine.

Hypoedaleus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Heinean., 2, 1859, p. 18 (type Tham-
nophilus guttatus VIEILLOT).

*Hypoedaleus guttatus ( Vieillot). VIEILLOT'S ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus guttatus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 3, 1816,
p. 315 ('TAmerique me'ridionale" we designate Rio de Janeiro, se. Brazil
as type locality; type in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.); PUCHERAN,
Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855, p. 353 (crit. on type); SPIX, Av. Bras., 2,
1825, p. 25, pi. 35, fig. i (=9) (Prov. Sao Paulo); WIED, Beitr. Naturg.
Bras., 3 (2), 1831, p. 1019 (Aracatiba and Coroaba, Rio Espirito Santo;
Minas, "Bahia"); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 208 (monogr.); PELZELN,
Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 75 (Registo do Sai, Rio de Janeiro; Ypanema, Porto
do Rio Parana, S. Paulo); REINHARDT, Videnskab. Meddel. naturh. Foren.
Kjobenh., 1870, p. 373 (Lagoa Santa and Sete Lagoas, Minas Geraes; Cam-
pinas and Araraquara, S. Paulo; Rio de Janeiro); HAMILTON, Ibis, 1871,
p. 304 (Itapetininga, S. Paulo); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 182
(se. Brazil); BOUCARD and BERLEPSCH, Humming Bird, 2, 1892, p. 44 (Porto
Real, Rio de Janeiro); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1899, p. 235 (Iguapfi,
S. Paulo); idem, 1. c., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Cantagallo) ; JHERING, Annuario Est.
Rio Grande do Sul para o anno 1900, 1899, p. 130 ("Lagoa dos Patos, Rio
Grande do Sul"); BERTONI, Anal. Soc. Cient. Argent., 75, 1913, p. 88 (Iguazu,
Misiones); DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, 1914, p. 326 (Paraguay, Misiones).

With 25 specimens from Central America (Nicaragua to Panama) and 14 from
w. Colombia (Andagoya, Condoto, Noanama, N6vita, Barbacoas) and nw. Ecuador
(Cayapas, Pambilar, Bulun) before me I am unable to corroborate the distinctness
of the southern birds. In coloration they are absolutely identical and there does not
appear to be any difference in size either. C. E. H.

b Owing to lack of material, I am unable to make out whether birds from Reme-
dios and Neche, Antioquia (Cymbilanius lineatus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1879, p. 524) pertain to fasciatus or some other race. C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 41

Hypoedaleus guttatus CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 22, 1874, p. 86 (Cantagallo, Rio);

OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Mus., 25, 1902, p. 131 (Sapucay, Paraguay; "Rio

Grande do Sul"); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., r, 1907, p. 195

(S. Paulo; Ourinho, Parana; Esp. Santo); BERTONI, Faun. Parag., 1914,

p. 50 (Alto Parana).
Lanius meleager LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 46 (Sao

Paulo).
Thamnophilus Meleager BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 91

(S. Paulo, Minas Geraes, "Bahia").
Thamnophilus maculatus SUCH, Zool. Journ., i, No. 4, Jan. 1825, p. 557, suppl.

pi. 6 ( = o* ) ("That part of Brazil where it rises from the low plains of Goay-

tacazes to the elevated surface of the province of Minas Geraes").
Lanius maculatus (Cuvier Ms.) PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855,

p. 327 (types in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.; the cf is from an

unknown locality, presumably Brazil, the 9 was obtained at Rio de

Janeiro by Delalande, Jr.).
Thamnophilus Rodriguezianus BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., Jan. 1901, p. 137

(Alto Parana, Paraguay).
Thamnophilus guttatus rodriguezianus CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 519 (Sapucay,

Ibitimi, Paraguay).
Hypoedaleus guttatus rodriguezianus DABBENE, El Hornero, i, 1919, p. 263

(Puerto Segundo, Misiones).

Range : Southeastern Brazil, from Espirito Santo and Minas Geraes
south to Santa Catharina, a ranging west to Prov. Misiones, north-
eastern Argentina, and Paraguay. 15

10 : Brazil (Victoria 3, Sao Sebastiao 2, Faz. Cayod, Sao Paulo 4,
Porto Real, Rio i).

Genus BATARA Lesson.

Batara LESSON, Trait6 d'Orn., livr. 5, 1831, p. 347 (type by subs, desig., GRAY,
1855, Thamnophilus undulatus MIKAN = Thamnophilus cinereus VIEILLOT).

Thamnarchus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 19 (type Tham-
nophilus cinereus VIEILLOT).

*Batara cinerea cinerea ( Vieillot). CINEREOUS BUSH SHRIKE.

Tamnophttus cinereus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 35, 1819,

p. 200 ( = c?) ("Br6sil," sc. Rio de Janeiro).
Tamnophilus rufus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d. f 35, 1819,

p. 200 (=9) ("Bresil"; type in Paris Museum, obtained by Delalande, Jr.,

near Rio de Janeiro, examined by C. E. H.).

The reported occurrence in "Rio Grande do Sul" requires confirmation.

b On comparing ten specimens from Paraguay with fifteen from se. Brazil, I fail
to discover the slightest difference, the lower abdomen being exactly of the same
shade in the two series. The seemingly lesser extent of the ochreous color in the
Paraguayan birds is evidently due to the peculiar make of W. Foster's skins. C.E.H.

43 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Lanius undulatus MIKAN, Del. Faun, et Flor. Bras., 1820, pi. (Brasilia; the
types in the Vienna Museum were taken by Natterer at Ypanema, S. Paulo).

Thamnophilus cristatellus VIEILLOT, Tabl. encycl. m6th., livr. 91, 1822, p. 749
(new name for Tamnophilus rufus VIEILLOT).

Vanga striata QUOY and GAIMARD in Freycinet, Voyage "Uranie" et "Physi-
cienne," Zoo!., livr. 3, Aug. 1824, p. 98, 99, pi. 18 ( = d 1 ), 19 ( = 9 ) ("le Bresil,"
sc. Rio de Janeiro).

Thamnophilus Vigorsii SUCH, Zool. Journ., i, No. 4, Jan. 1825, p. 557, suppl.
pi. 7 (= 9), 8 (= o") (se. Brazil, near Goaytacazes [ = Campos], Prov. Rio
de Janeiro).

Thamnophilus gigas SWAINSON, Classif. Birds, 2, 1837, P- 220 (new name for
Vanga striata QUOY and GAIMARD).

Batara striata LESSON, Trait6 d'Ornith., 1830, p. 347 (Mandiocca, Prov. Rio de
Janeiro).

Thamnophilus undulatus BURMEISTER, Syst. tlbers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 89
(Novo Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro).

Batara cinerea SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 207 (monogr.; "Minas," S. Paulo,
Rio Grande do Sul); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 74 (Ypanema, S. Paulo;
Curytiba, Parand); BERLEPSCH and JHERING, Zeitschr. ges. Ornith., 2, 1885,
p. 147 (Taquara, Arroio Grande, Linha Piraja, Rio Grande do Sul) ; JHERING,
Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1899, p. 234 (Iguap6, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo); idem, 1. c. f
4, 1900, p. 158 (Novo Friburgo); idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul
para 1900, 1899, p. 130 (Taquara do Mundo Novo); JHERING and JHERING,
Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 194 (Itarar6, S. Paulo; Novo Hamburgo, Rio
Grande do Sul); DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, 1914, p. 325 (part; Santa Ana
Misiones); CHROSTOWSKI, Compt. Rend. Soc. Scient. Varsovie, 5, 1912, p. 477,
496 (Vera Guarany, Parand).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro south to Rio
Grande do Sul, a west to northeastern Argentina (Prov. Misiones).
3: Brazil (Rio i), Argentina (Misiones 2).

Batara cinerea argentina Shipton. b WESTERN CINEREOUS BUSH SHRIKE.

Batara cinerea argentina SHIPTON, Physis, 4, No. 16, May 1918, p. 106 (San

Lorenzo, Jujuy, nw. Argentina); idem, El Hornero, i, No. 2, 1918, p. 114

(San Lorenzo, Jujuy; Salta).
Batara cinerea LILLO, Apunt. Hist. Nat. B. Aires, I, No. 2, Feb. 1909, p. 23

(Jujuy); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, 1910, p. 282 (Salta);

idem, Bol. Soc. Physis, I, No. 6, 1914, p. 325 (part; Salta).

Range : Northwestern Argentina, in provinces of Jujuy and Salta.

The locality "Rio Claro," is erroneously identified (in the Cat. B. Brit. Mus.)
with the river in the State of Goyaz while it actually refers to the city of that name
in S. Paulo. I do not find any reliable record for the occurrence of B. c. cinerea
in Minas Geraes either. C. E. H.

b Batara cinerea argentina: Claimed to differ from B. c. cinerea by smaller size
(wing (c?) 115, (9) no;tail (d") 165, (9) 140; bill 32 mm.), by having the light and
blackish bands on wings and tail more numerous as well as more closely set, and by
the greater extent of the ochraceous color on top of head in the female sex.

BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 43

Genus MACKENZIAENA Chubb.

Mackenziaena CHUBB, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (gth set.), a, 1918, p. 123 (type

Thamnophilus leachii SUCH).
Lochites (not of GISTEL 1848) CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859,

p. 1 8 (type by subs, desig., SCLATER, 1890, Thamnophilus severus LICHTEN-

STEIN).
Picrotes CHUBB, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9th ser.), 2, 1918, p. 123 (new name for

Lochites CABANIS and HEINE).
(?) Othello REICHENBACH, Av. Syst. Nat., 1850, pi. 71 (no type specified).*

Mackenziaena leachii (Such). LEACH'S ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus leachii SUCH, Zool. Journ., i, No. 4, Jan. 1825, p. 558 (=d")
(vicinity of Goaytacazes ( = Campos), Prov. Rio de Janeiro); JARDINE and
SELBY, Illus. Ornith., 3, Apr. 1828, pi. 41 (= o") (Brazil; coll. SUCH); BUR-
MEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 90 (New Freiburg; descr. and
range); WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 614 (Concepcion, Misiones).

Thamnophilus leachi SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 207 (descr. and range);
PELZELN, Orn, Bras., 2, 1868, p. 74 (Mattodentro, Marmeleiro, Ypanema,
S. Paulo; Curytiba and Campo Comprido, Parana); BERLEPSCH and JHER-
ING, Zeitschr. ges. Ornith., 2, 1885, p. 147 (Taquara, Arroio Grande, Rio
Grande do Sul); SCLATER and HUDSON, Argent. Ornith., i, 1888, p. 202
(Misiones); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 181 (Rio de Janeiro;
Santa F6, Minas Geraes; S. Paulo; Rio Grande do Sul); JHERING, Rev.
Mus. Paul., 3, 1899, p. 235 (Iporanga, S. Paulo); idem, Annuario Est. Rio
Grande do Sul para o anno 1900, 1899, p. 130 (Mundo Novo, Rio Grande do
Sul); idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 195 (Iporanga, Itararg, S. Paulo;
Itatiaya, Minas); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, 1910, p. 282
(Misiones); CHROSTOWSKI, Compt. Rend. Soc. Scient. Varsovie, 5, 1912,
p. 477, 496 (Vera Guarany, Parana); BERTONI, Rev. Inst. Parag., 1907,
p. (Sep. p. 6) (Puerto Bertoni, Iguazu).

Thamnophilus ruficeps SUCH, Zool. Journ., i, No. 4, Jan. 1825, p. 559 (=9)
(vicinity of Campos, Rio de Janeiro).

Lanius funebris (Cuvier Ms.) PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855,
p. 324 (no locality given).

Thamnophilus leachi var. minor PELZELN, Nunquam otiosus, 2, 1874, ? 2 9*
(Novo Friburgo, Rio).

Lochites leachi CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 19 ("Monte-
video"; Brazil).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro and southern
Minas Geraes to Rio Grande do Sul, and northeastern Argentina
(Misiones).

Gray (Cat. Gen. and Subgen. Birds, 1855, p. 61) designates Thamnophilus
luctuosus LICHTENSTEIN as genotype. However, Reichenbach s figures do not cor-
respond with the characters of this bird and are more likely to have been taken
from Lanius severus LICHTENSTEIN. (See also Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein.
2, 1859, p. 19, footnote *).

44 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Mackenziaena unduliger (Pelzelri)* UNDULATED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus unduliger PELZELN, Ornith. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 75, 139 (Mara-
bitarlas, Rio Negro; S. Boaventura, Rio Icanna; types in Vienna Museum
examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 272
(Chamicuros, Xeberos, n. Peru); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 2
(same localities); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 182 (Rio Ucayali,
Chamicuros, Xeberos, Peru; Rio Copotaza, e. Ecuador); JEERING and
JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 195 (range); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 268 (descr., range).

Thamnophilus fuliginosus (err.) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867,
P- 750, 755 (Xeberos, Peru).

Taraba unduliger CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 364
(La Morelia, se. Colombia).

Range: Upper Amazonia, from northwestern Brazil (upper Rio
Negro and its affluents) and southeastern Colombia (Caquetd region)
south through eastern Ecuador to northern Peru (Dept. Loreto).

*Mackenziaena severa (Lichtensteiri) . SOOTY ANT SHRIKE.

Lanius severus LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 45, 46 (San
Paulo).

Thamnophilus niger SUCH, Zool. Journ., i, No. 4, Jan. 1825, p. 559 (= o") (vicin-
ity of Goaytacazes ( = Campos), Prov. Rio de Janeiro).

Thamnophilus Swainsonii SUCH, Zool. Journ., i, No. 4, Jan. 1825, p. 556, suppl.
pi. 5 ( = 9 ) (vicinity of Campos, Prov. Rio de Janeiro).

Thamnophilus Othello LESSON, Centurie Zool., 1831, p. 65, pi. 19 (d*) ("du
Br6siT).

Batara othello LESSON, Traitd d'Ornith., end of 1830, p. 347 ("du Bresil").

Thamnophilus severus BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 90 (descr.
and range) ; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 208 (descr. and range) ; PELZELN,
Orn. Bras., 3, 1868, p. 75 (Mattodentro, Ypanema, Sao Paulo); BER-
LEPSCH, Journ. Ornith., 1873, p. 254 (Blumenau, Santa Catharina); idem,
and JHERING, Zeitschr. ges. Orn., 2, 1885, p. 147 (Arroio Grande, Rio Grande
do Sul); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 183 (descr.; se. Brazil);
JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1899, p. 236 (Piracicaba, Yporanga, Sao
Paulo); idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul para 1900, 1899, p. 130,
(Rio Grande do Sul); idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Cantagallo) ;
idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 195 (Piracicaba, Botucatu, Alto da Serra,
Yporanga, Itarar6, Itapura, Ubatuba, Rio Feio, Sao Paulo); DABBENE,
Bol. Soc. Physis, i, 1914, p. 326 (Santa Ana, Misiones); MENEGAUX, Rev.
Frang. d'Orn., 10, No. 114, 1918, p. 317 (Villa Lutetia, Misiones).

Lochites severus CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 1874, P- 2 3 6 (Cantagallo); BERTONI,
Faun. Parag., 1914, p. 59 (Alto Parana).

An earlier name is probably Thamnophilus brevirostris LAFRESNAYE (Rev.
Zool., 7, 1844, p. 82: "Colombie"= Bogota). Unfortunately, the type is not any
longer to be found in the Lafresnaye Collection, now in Museum of Comparative
Zoology, Cambridge (Outram Bangs in litt.). C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 45

Thamnophilus Lahilleanus BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., Jan. 1901, p. 135 (Alto
Parand, e. Paraguay).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do
Sul, and adjoining parts of Paraguay (Alto Parand) and Argentina
(Misiones)."

i: Brazil (Victoria, Sao Paulo i).

Genus FREDERICKENA Chubb.

Frederickena CHUBB, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., foth ser.), 2, July 1918, p. 123
(type by orig. desig. Thamnophilus viridis VIEILLOT).

*Frederickena viridis ( Vieillof). CRESTED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus viridis VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 3, 1816,
p. 318 ("I'Amenque meridionale," we accept Cayenne as type locality; = 9,
erroneously described; type examined in Paris Museum by C. E. H.);
PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855, p. 354 (crit.); MENEGAUX and
HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 24 (crit.); BER-
LEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 151 (Cayenne); BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, I,
1917, p. 132 (Bartica Grove).

Lanius lunulatus (Cuvier Ms.) LESSON, Trait6 d'Orn., end of 1830, p. 375, pi. 45,
fig. 2 (=9) (Cayenne; type in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.);
PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855, p. 327 (Cayenne; descr. 9).

Thamnophilus lunulatus SCLATER, Edinb. New Philos. Journ., (new ser.), I,
1855, p. 232 (Cayenne); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 423 (Bartica Grove, Cama-
cusa, Brit. Guiana); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, No/. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 68
(Suapure, Caura R., Venezuela); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull. ,2,
1916, p. 275 (Suapure).

Thamnophilus fuliginosus GOULD, P. Z. S. Lond., 5, Feb. 1838, p. 80 (Demerara;
descr. o" and 9); SCLATER, Edinb. New Philos. Journ., (new ser.), i, 1855,
p. 234 (Brit. Guiana; descr. d", 9); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 208 (descr.
and range) ; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 183 (Cayenne, Brit. Guiana).

Frederickena viridis CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 9 (Ituribisi River,
Supenaam, Bartica, Bonasica, Makauria, Camacusa, Brit. Guiana).

Range: French and British Guiana; eastern Venezuela (Caura
Valley).

2 : Mazaruni River, British Guiana.

Genus TARABA Lesson.

Taraba LESSON, TraitS d'Orn., livr. 5, 1830, p. 375 (type by subs, desig., Gray,

1855, Thamnophilus stagurus "VIEILLOT").
Diallactes REICHENBACH, Av. Syst. Nat., 1850, p. 71 (type by subs, desig.,

Sclater, 1890, Thamnophilus major VIEILLOT).

* The locality "Rio Claro, Goyaz" is erroneous. Likewise the bird has yet to
be discovered in Minas proper.

46 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

*Taraba major major ( Vieillot). GREAT ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus major VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 3, 1816,
P- 313 (based on Azara No. 211: "Batara mayor" Paraguay); D'ORBIGNY,
Voyage Am6r. meYid., Ois., 1838, p. 166 (Corrientes, Sante F6, Argentina;
Yungas, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, Chiquitos, Bolivia); PELZELN, Orn.
Bras., 2, 1868, p. 75 (part; Abrantes, Goyaz; Cuyaba, S. Vicente, Matto-
grosso); SALVIN, Ibis, 1880, p. 359 (Tucuman, Salta); WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1882, p. 614 (Oran, Salta); BERLEPSCH, Journ. Ornith., 1887, p. 16 (Lambar6,
Paraguay); (?) ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 94 (Reyes
and Falls of the Madeira, Bolivia [? !]); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 1 86 (part; Abrilongo, Chapada, Mattogrosso; Bolivia, Salta, Tucu-
man); KERR, Ibis, 1892, p. 134 (Fortin Page, Pilcomayo); ALLEN, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., S, 1893, p. 115 (Corumba, Abrilongo, Chapada);
SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 10, No. 208, 1895, p. 13 (Colonia Risso,
Paraguay; Corumba, Mattogrosso; S. Pablo, Tucuman); idem, 1. c., 12,
No. 292, 1897, p. 2 1 (Campo Santo, Salta; S. Lorenzo, Jujuy) ; KERR, Ibis, 1901 ,
p. 227 (Paraguayan Chaco); C. B. GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 135 (Riacho Ancho,
Terr, del Chaco; Goya, Corrientes; Desaguadero, Villa Pilar, Curuzu Chica,
Paraguay; below Boca de Homiguera, sw. Mattogrosso); LILLO, Anal. Mus.
Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, 1902, p. 192 (San Pablo and Yerba-Buena, Tucuman);
idem, Revista letr. y cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3, 1905, p. 54 (same localities);
BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 2, 1904, p. 254 (Oran, Salta); JEERING, Rev.
Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 352 (part; Avanhandava, n. Sao Paulo); JHERING
and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 196 (part; Itapura, Barretos,
Avanhandava, n. S. Paulo); BERTONI, Faun. Parag., 1914, p. 51 (Asunci6n);
HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 194 (Bolivia, Argentina; crit.).

Thamnophilus major major HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 66 (Goyaz,
Faz. Esperanca, Rio Araguaya, Goyaz); HARTERT and VENTURI, 1 c., 16,
1909. P- 220 (Mocovi, Chaco; Los Vasquez, Tucuman; San Lorenzo, Jujuy);
DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, 1910, p. 283 (Tucuman,
Salta; Mocovi, Chaco).

Thamnophilus magnus "WiEo" LESSON, Trait6 d'Orn., livr. 5, end of 1830, p. 375
(based on "Le Grand Batara" in Walckenaer's edition of Azara 3, p. 419:
Paraguay).

Thamnophilus stagurus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) BURMEISTER, Journ. Ornith., 8,
1860, p. 251 (Parana, Tucuman); idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, 1861, p. 471
(Parana, Tucuman, "Montevideo").

Thamnophilus rohdei BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 35, 1887, p. 16, pi. i (Lambare',
Paraguay; type in Berlin Museum examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 187 (Paraguay).

The type is most certainly but a melanistic aberration of the ordinary
T. m. major. I have had an opportunity of examining a second example of this
black-bellied phase, obtained by S. M. Klages on January 10, 1922 at Hyutanahan,
Rio Purus, Brazil. The bird, a male in first annual plumage, No. 87153 of the
Carnegie Museum, has the uniform black tail characteristic of T. m. melanurus,
of which numerous normal, i. e. white-bellied examples were taken by the collector
on the same river; while the type of T. rohdei, in markings of tail, agrees with
T. m. major, well known as an inhabitant of Paraguay. C. E. H.

1924- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. , 47

Taraba major virgultorum CHERRIE, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, June 1916,
P- 39* (part; descr. o* from Todos Santos, Rio Chapar6, Bolivia; type in
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, examined by C. E. H.).

Taraba major SERIE and SMYTH, El Hornero, 3, 1923, p. 47 (Santa Elena, n.
Entrerios).

Range: From eastern Bolivia (Yungas of Cochabamba; Santa Cruz
de la Sierra, Prov. del Sara; Chiquitos) through northwestern Argen-
tina south to Prov. Santa Fe, Corrientes and northern Entrerios;
Paraguay ; western Brazil in states of Goyaz and Mattogrosso, south to
northern Sao Paulo (Parana-Tiete region). b

i : Argentina (Trancas, Tucuman) .

"Taraba major stagurus (Lichtenstein). East Brazilian GREAT
ANT SHRIKE.

Lanius stagurus LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 45 (Bahia;
types in Berlin Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Thamnophilus albiventer SPIX, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 23, pi. 32 (Rio Sao Fran-
cisco =Joazeiro, Bahia; types in Munich Museum examined by C. E. H.);
HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 654 (errone-
ously identified with T. m. major').

* The type, an adult male in annual molt, does not differ in any way from topotyp-
ical Paraguayan examples of T. m. major. The absence of the white apical spots on
many of the upper wing coverts, alluded to by the describer, is simply due to the effect
of extreme wear, as even a superficial inspection easily discloses ; besides, on a few cov-
erts that have already been renewed, these white markings are as well pronounced
as in specimens from other localities. Moreover, a second male from Todos Santos
(Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 137,038, July 26, 1915. Miller and Boyle) in fairly
good plumage is practically identical with topotypes from Paraguay. While the sup-
posed female of virgultorum (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 148,401 Porto Velho, Rio Ma-
deira, Brazil, May 31, 1915. G. K. Cherrie) proves to belong to T. m. borbae, another
from near the type locality (Rio San Mateo), by its darker chestnut upper parts
and fulvous under tail coverts, appears to form the transition to T. m. melanurus.
Four females from Santa Cruz de la Sierra, e. Bolivia, and nw. Argentina (Tucuman,
Jujuy) differ from Brazilian specimens by their lighter upper parts, paler ear coverts
and by having the foreneck tinged with buff. Although males are not distinguishable,
they possibly constitute a distinct race. However, I have not been able to examine
any female from Paraguay. C. E. H.

b In the absence of material I cannot make out whether birds from Minas Geraes
(Thamnophilus major REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 377)
are referable to T. m. major or to T. m. stagurus. C. E. H.

Taraba major stagurus: Differs in the male sex from T. m. major by the greater
amount of white in the tail, the third to fifth rectrix (counting from without) having
five or six distinct white marginal spots on the outer web, while the median pair is
marked on both webs in the same manner; the female is recognizable by its lighter ru-
fous upper parts and tail. On comparison of twenty T. m. major (3 Paraguay, 7 Matto-
grosso, 10 Goyaz) with forty examples from east and ne. Brazil (12 Bahia, 2 joazeiro,
4 nw. Bahia (Rio Preto), 4 Piauhy, 16 Ceara, 2 Miritiba, Maianhao), the latter are
found to constitute a fairly well-marked race. While admitting that in some of the
males from Ceara its characters are most strongly pronounced, I do not see how the
series, as a whole, can be separated from another, including the types of L. stagurus
and Th. albiventer, from Bahia. While birds from Miritiba are extreme examples of
stagurus, those from w. Maranhao (Tury-assii, S. Bento) form the transition to
semifasciatus. C. E. H.

48 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus tricolor SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 2, No. 5, April 1825, p. 86 (= d")

(Catinga woods of Humildez, Prov. Bahia).
Thamnophilus cinnamomeus SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 2, No. 5, April 1825, p. 87

(=9) (Urup6, Bahia); idem, Ornith. Drawings, Part 5, 1840 (?), pi. 60.
Taraba major approximans CORY, Auk, 36, Jan. 1919, p. 88 (Serra Baturit6,

Ceara).
Thamnophilus stagurus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 990 (Rio

Belmonte, s. Bahia).
Thamnophilus major SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 186 (part; spec.

n-t, Pernambuco, Bahia) ; REISER, Denkschr. math, naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss.

Wien, 76, 1910, p. 65 (Faz. Riacho am Rio Grande, Santa Rita am Rio Preto,

nw. Bahia; Parnagud, Pedrinha, Lake of Missao, Therezina, Piauhy; spec.

examined by C. E. H.); LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2), 1920, p. 98 (Ilheos

Belmonte, s. Bahia).

Range: Eastern and northeastern Brazil, from southern Bahia
(Belmonte) north to Ceara, Piauhy and Maranhao.

23: Ceara (Serra Baturite" 10, Jua 6), Bahia (Macaco Secco near
Andarahy i), Maranhao (Tury-assu i, Sao Bento 5).

"Taraba major semifasciatus (Cabanis). PARA GREAT ANT SHRIKE.

Diattactes semifasciatus CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 20, 1872, p. 234 ("Para, Guiana
and Venezuela"; Para accepted as type locality, auct. HELLMAYR, Nov.
Zool., 12, 1905, p. 283).

Thamnophilus major (not of VIEILLOT) CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit.
Guiana, 3, 1848, p. 687 (Brit. Guiana); SCLATER, Edinb. New Philos. Jour.,
(new ser.), i, 1855, P- 2 3 2 (part; Trinidad, Guiana, Pard); idem, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1858, p. 209 (part; Trinidad, Guiana, Para); TAYLOR, Ibis, 1864, p. 85
(Trinidad); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 575 (Para); idem,
1. c., 1868, p. 168 (Carupano, Bermudez); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 75
(part; Rio Amajau near Barcellos; Para, Forte do Rio Branco); FINSCH,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 567 (Trinidad); LAYARD, Ibis, 1873, p. 356 (Para);
SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 423 (Brit. Guiana); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 1 86 (part; spec, d-m, Carupano, Venez., Trinidad, Cayenne; Rio
Takutu and Quonja, Brit. Guiana; Para); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 4, 1892, p. 55 (El Pilar, Bermudez); CHAPMAN, 1. c., 6, 1894, P- 49
(Princestown, Trinidad); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 283 (Para,
Ourem, Rio Moju).

Thamnophilus major semifasciatus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 283
(Igarap6-Assu, Pard); idem, 1. c., 13, 1906, p. 30 (Caparo, Trinidad), 366
(S. Antonio do Prata); idem, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3,
1906, p. 655 in text.(crit.; range); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., i,
No. 8, 1906, p. 192 (Aripo, Trinidad); 1. c., No. 13, 1908, p. 365 (Carenage,
Aripo, Trinidad); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 16 (Itaituba, Rio
Tapaj6z); JEERING and JEERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 196 (range);
BERLEPSCB, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 151 (Rio Approuague, Cayenne);
HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912,

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS CORY. 49

p. 42 (Peixe-Boi), 92 (Para-localities) ; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8,

1914, p. 269 (Para, Peixe-Boi, Quati-puni, Rio Guama [Ourem], Rio Moju,

R. Tapaj6z (Boim, PinheO, Arumanduba, Monte Alegre, Obidos, Rio

Jamunda ([Faro]).

7 hamnophilus semifasciatus SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 61, 1913, p. 528 (habits).
Taraba major semifasciatus BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62,

No. 2, 1918, p. 66 (Paramaribo, Surinam).

Taraba semifasciata CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 10 (Brit. Guiana).
Thamnophilus stagurus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) LEOTAUD, Ois. Trinidad, 1866,

p. 266.

Thamnophilus albicrissus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 14, 1891, p. 481 (Trinidad).
Thamnophilus major albicrissus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7,

1895, p. 324 (Trinidad, El Pilar; crit.); PHELPS, Auk, 14, 1897, P- 365 (Cuman-

acoa, Bermudez); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 68 (Cai-

cara, Perico, Maipures, Munduapo, Rio Orinoco; Suapure, La Pricion, Caura;

Cumana, ne. Venezuela).
Taraba major albicrissa CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., a, 1916, p. 275

(Orinoco River, from Las Barrancas upwards).
Thamnophilus melanurus (not of SCLATER) CHAPMAN and RIKER, Auk, 8, 1891,

p. 28 (Santarem).
Thamnophilus borbae (not of PELZELN) BRABOURNE and CHUBB, Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist., (8th ser.), 10, 1912, p. 262 (British Guiana).

Range: Trinidad; northeastern Venezuela (State of Bermudez:
Carupano, Cumanacoa, El Pilar); central Venezuela, on the Orinoco
River from Las Barrancas up to Munduapo, and its tributary, the Caura;
Guianas; northern Brazil (Rio Negro, Rio Branco, north bank near
Obidos, Monte Alegre, Arumanduba; Para District, thence ranging
south of the Amazon west to the Tapajoz, east probably not beyond
the Rio Gurupy.

6: British Guiana 3, Dutch Guiana (Paramaribo) i, Brazil
(Base of Serra da Lua near Boa Vista, Rio Branco) 2.

Taraba major borbae (Pelzeln)* BORBA GREAT ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus borbae PELZELN, Ornith. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 75, 140 (Borba,
Rio Madeira; types in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 186 (Borba); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi,
8, 1914, p. 269 (Rio Madeira).

Birds from Bermudez agree in every respect with those from Trinidad, Guiana
and Para, whereas some of the females from the upper Orinoco (Munduapo) , by the deep-
er rufous brown dorsal surface, form the transition to T. m. granadensis, of nw. Ven-
ezuela, from which they differ, however, by their much paler under tail coverts.
An adult male from Itaituba (left bank of Rio Tapajoz) has less white in the tail and
closely approaches specimens of T.m. borbae with an unusual amount of white mark-
ings on the lateral rectrices. notably one male from Jamarysinho, Rio Machados, in
the Tring Museum. C. E. H.

b Taraba major borbae is merely an intergrade between T. m. melanurus and
T. m. semifasciatus. The white markings on the lateral tail feathers in the male are

So FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus major borbae HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss.,
22, No. 3, 1906, p. 655 in text (crit.; Borba); JEERING and JHERING, Cat.
Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 196 (Borba); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907,
p. 369 (Humaytha, Borba); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 336 (Calama, Allianca,
Jamarysinho, Rio Madeira).

Taraba major virgultorum CHERRIE, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, June 1916,
p. 391 (part, descr. of 9 [obtained at Porto Velho, Rio Madeira]).

Range: Western Brazil on the banks of the Rio Madeira, from
Borba to Porto Velho.

Taraba major melanurus (Sclater). BLACK-TAILED GREAT ANT
SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus melanurus SCLATER, Edinb. New Philos. Jour., (n. s.), i, April
1855, p. 233 (part; River Ucayali, e. Peru; type [d\ ist annual] in coll.
Gould, now in coll. British Museum examined by C. E. H.); GOULD, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist., (n. s.), 14, May 1855, p. 345 (part; Rio Ucayali); idem,
P. Z. S. Lond., 23, May 16, 1855, p. 69, pi. 83 (part; River Ucayali);
SCLATER, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 65 (Rio Napo), 209 (part; R. Ucayali, e. Peru;
Rio Napo); SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1866, p. 185 (Upper and Lower Ucay-
ali; Nauta); 1867, p. 750 (Chyavetas), 978 (Pebas); 1873, p. 272 (Nauta,
Santa Cruz, Ucayali, Chyavetas, Pebas); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6rou, 2,
1884, p. 5 (Moyobamba, Pangoa; Ucayali, Nauta, Chyavetas, Santa Cruz,
Pebas); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 185 (part; Pebas, Samiria,
Sarayacu, Ucayali; Rio Napo); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 63 (Archidona,
e. Ecuador); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 439 (Rio Jurua); SNETH-
LAGE, Journ. Oraith., 56, 1908, p. 15 (Cachoeira, Bom Lugar, Monte Alegre,
Rio Punis); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 268 (same localities).

Diallactes melanurus CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 20, 1872, p. 234 (Ucayali).

Thamnophilus major melanurus HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss.,
22, No. 3, 1906, p. 655 in text (crit. ; Ucayali, Chyavetas) ; JHERING and
JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 196 (Rio Jurua).

Taraba major melanura HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, Abt. A, Heft 10, 1920,
p. 82 (Yahuarmayo, San Gaban, Chaquimayo, se. Peru).

Thamnophilus melanurus debilis BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896,
P- 379 (La Merced, Dept. Junin, Peru; one of the typical specimens in coll.
Berlepsch examined by C. E. H.).

Taraba melanura debilis BANGS and NOBLE, Auk, 35, 1918, p. 452 (Bellavista,
R. Marafion).

Thamnophilus major (not of VIEILLOT) TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10, (i), 1844,
p. 277 (Peru).

exceedingly variable, birds with only a narrow apical margin on the two outermost
pairs being indistinguishable from the general run of melanurus, while others which, in
addition, have a number of white spots or broken bands on the inner web, point rather
to semifasciaius. In fact, a male from Jamarysinho on the Rio Machados, a little above
its junction with the Rio Madeira, hardly differs in the tail-markings from another
taken at Itaituba, Rio Tapaj<5z which I refer to semifasciatus. The female of borbae
combines the dark saccardo brown upper parts of melanurus with the basally white
under-tail coverts of semifascialus.C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS CORY. 51

Thamnophilus mayor TSCHUDI, Faun. Peru., Aves, 1846, p. 170 (Peru).

Range: Upper Amazonia, from eastern Ecuador through Peru to
Dept. of Junin and north slope of Andes of Carabaya, Dept. Puno, east
to western Brazil (rivers Purus and Jurua).

4: Peru (Vista Alegre 3, Puerto Bermudez, i).

*Taraba major granadensis (Cabanis). COLOMBIAN GREAT ANT
SHRIKE.

Diallactes granadensis CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 20, 1872, p. 234 (Bogotd, Col-
ombia; type in Berlin Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Thamnophilus major granadensis HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss.,
22, No. 3, 1906, p. 655 (crit.; Bogota); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1158
in text (Bogotd; Antioquia; M6rida, Ejido, Mt. near Bucarito, San Esteban;
crit.).

Tar aba major granadensis HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5,
1912, p. 118 (Las Quiguas, S. Esteban, Venezuela; crit.).

Thamnophilus transandeanus granadensis MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull.
Soc. Philom. Paris, (9th ser.), 8, 1906, p. 25 (Bogotd; Antioquia [ = Remedios],
Colombia; M6rida).

Tar aba transandeana granadensis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
19171 P- 364 (Malena, Honda, Magdalena R.; Buena Vista, Villavicencio,
e. Colombia); TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922, p. 318
(Tucurinca, Santa Marta district).

Thamnophilus melanurus (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, Edinb. Mew Philos. Journ.,
(n. s.), i, April 1855, p. 233 (part; Bogotd); GOULD, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, May
1855, p. 69 (part; Bogotd); SCLATER, 1. c., 1855, p. 147 (Bogotd); idem, 1, c.,
1858, p. 209 (part; Bogotd) ; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 360 (Bogotd).

Thamnophilus transandeanus (not of SCLATER) SCLATER and SAL VIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1879, P- 5 2 4 (part; Remedies, e. slope of c. Andes; one d" in Paris Museum
examined)*; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 185 (part; speci-
mens 1, m; Remedies).

Range: Tropical zone of northwestern Venezuela (in states of
Caracas, b Carabobo, Lara, MeYida, Zulia) and eastern Colombia
(Tucurinca, Santa Marta District; Magdalena Valley and eastern
Andes).

5: Venezuela (Orope, Zulia 3, Catatumbo River 2).

Taraba major transandeanus (Sclater). HOLLAND'S ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus transandeanus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 18 (Guaya-
quil, sw. Ecuador; type in British Museum examined by C. E. H.); idem,

a An adult male from Remedies, Antioquia, is intermediate between granadensis
and transandeanus, combining, as it does, the grayish under-tail coverts of the
former with the long bill and uniform black tail of the latter race. C. E. H.

b A male collected by Ernst Peters in the Mamera Valley, near Caracas, on Feb.
15, 1890 in the Berlepsch Collection. C. E. H.

52 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

1. c., 1860, p. 278 (Babahoyo), 294 (Esmeraldas) ; TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1877,
p. 324 (Tumbez, nw. Peru); SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1879, P- 5 2 4 (part;
Rio Neche, lower Cauca'); BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1883, p. 564
(Chimbo); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 185 (part; spec, a-k,
Costa Rica to Ecuador 6 ); HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 491 (Chimbo);
SALVADOR! and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, P- 27
(Vinces, Peripa, w. Ecuador).

Thamnophilus major transandeanus HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1157
(Guineo, Rio Calima; Rio Dagua; El Tigre, R. Tamana; La Selva, R. Jamar-
aya).

Taraba transandeana transandeana RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,
p. 28 (monog., s. Mexico to w. Ecuador); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 36, 1917, p. 364 (Alto Bonito, La Vieja, Baudo, San Jose, Barbacoas, w.
Colombia; Rio Frio, Palmira, upper Cauca); STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 70, 1918, p. 260 (Rio Sin, Gatun, Panama).

Thamnophilus melanocrissus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 252 (Santecoma-
pam, Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 184 (s. Mexico and Guatemala).

Thamnophilus hollandi LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 8, 1867, p. 180 (Grey-
town, Nicaragua).

Range : Southern Mexico (in states of Vera Cruz and Tabasco) and
southward through Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and
Panama to Colombia (Pacific Coast and Cauca Valley), western Ecua-
dor and northwestern Peru (Tumbez).

13: Guatemala i, Nicaragua (San Emilis Lake) 5, Costa Rica 2,
Panama i, Ecuador (Puente de Chimbo) 4.

Genus SAKESPHORUS Chubb.

Hypolophus (not of MULLER and HENLE, 1837) CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein.,

2, 1859, p. 16 (type by subs, desig., Sclater, 1890, 'Thamnophilus cirrhatus"
= Lanius canadensis LINNEAUS).

Sakesphorus CHUBB, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., foth ser.), a, 1918, p. 123 (type
Lanius canadensis LINNEAUS).

*Sakesphorus canadensis canadensis (Linnaeus). BLACK-CRESTED

ANT SHRIKE.
Lanius canadensis LINNEAUS, Syst. Nat., 12 (i), 1766, p. 134 (based on "La

" An adult female in the Berlepsch Collection is an extremely large-billed ex-
ample of transandeanus, exactly like those from w. Ecuador. C. E. H.

b The locality, "Sarayacu," e. Ecuador, is of course erroneous.

e In deference to Mr. Ridgway's view, T. melanocrissus is here united with
T. m. transandeanus, though I am not sure that this proceeding is quite correct.
In every one of nine males from Guatemala, the under tail coverts are entirely black
while in a series of twenty-six from w. Colombia and Ecuador, all but one have very
distinct white apical edges. In birds from Costa Rica, Chiriqui, and Nicaragua,
these edges are likewise pronounced though narrower than in those from South
America. C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 53

Pie-grieche, de Canada" Brisson, Ornith., 2, 1760, p. 171: "Canada,"
errore; Cayenne suggested as type locality, auct. BERLEPSCH and HARTERT,
1902; descr. 9).

TurduscirrhatusGuELiK, Syst. Nat., I (2), 1789, p. 826 (based on "Fourmilier
huppg" Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois., 4, p. 476, descr. cf, 9 ; no locality given,
but no doubt Cayenne).

Lanius pileatus LATHAM, Ind. Orn., i, 1790, p. 76 (based on "Black-capped
Shrike" LATHAM, Gen. Syn. Birds, Suppl., 1787, p. 54, part, "cf", Cayenne).

Tyrannus atricapillus VIEILLOT, Hist. Nat. Ois. Am6r. Sept., I, 1807?, p. 78,
pi. 48 ( = d") (descr. part, o" only, no locality indicated).

Tyrannus canadensis VIEILLOT, 1. c., p. 79, pi. 49 ( = 9 ) ("Caienne").

Thamnophilus leucauchen SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, April 1855, p. 18, pi. 79
(c?i 9) ("in Peruvia orientali, Chamicuros," errore; the types in the Brit-
ish Museum examined by C. E. H. are tradeskins from Cayenne"); idem,
Edinb. New Philos. Journ., (n. s.), i, April 1855, p. 241 (part; "types said to
be from 'Rio Nigro' [sic]); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 216 (diag. o% 9 ;
"E. Peru, Upper Amazons [Hauxwell]," errore); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B.,
1862, p. 174 (part; spec, a, b, types from "Rio Napo," errore!); TACZAN-
OWSKI, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 15 (part;descr. cf, 9 from types ex "Rio Napo,"
errore).

Thamnophilus cristatus (not of WIED) BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3,
1856, p. 97 (part).

Thamnophilus atricapillus SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ., (n. s.), r, 1855,
p. 240 (part; Cayenne); BONAPARTE, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 2, 1857,
p. 34 (Cayenne); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 215 (part; Cayenne);
idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 174 (part; Cayenne).

Thamnophilus cirrhatus BERLEPSCH, Ibis, 1881, p. 244 (nomencl.); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 202 (part; Cayenne); MENEGAUX, Bull.
Mus. Paris, 10, 1904, p. 175 (Sinnamary, Mana, French Guiana); idem, 1. c.,
14, 1908, p. 12 (French Guiana).

Thamnophilus canadensis canadensis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 60
(part; Cayenne, Surinam).

Thamnophilus canadensis BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 152 (Cayenne),
319 (Sinnamary, Mana).

Hypolophus canadensis canadensis BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
62, No. 2, 1918, p. 67 (Paramaribo, Surinam).

Range: French and Dutch Guiana.
2: Surinam (Paramaribo 2).

*Sakesphorus canadensis trinitatis (Ridgway). b TRINIDAD BLACK-
CRESTED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus trinitatis RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 14, 1891, publ. 1892, p. 481
(Trinidad; descr. c? 1 ).

See Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 60.

b Sakesphorus canadensis trinitatis (RIDGWAY) is a rather unsatisfactory race
and, if considered worthy of recognition, its range must be considerably extended

54 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus cirrhatus (not of GMELIN) CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit.
Guiana, 3, 1848, p. 687 (Avicannia-bushes of the coast, Brit. Guiana);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 202 (part; Quonga, Brit. Guiana;
San Esteban, Pilar, Venezuela; Trinidad); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 6, 1894, p. 50 (Trinidad, on the coast) ; idem, 1. c., 7, 1895, p. 325 (Trini-
dad; crit.); PHELPS, Auk, 14, 1897, p. 365, 370 (Guanaguana, Bermudez,
ne. Venezuela).

Formicaritis cirrhatus LEOTAUD, Ois. Trinidad, 1866, p. 195 (Trinidad).

Thamnophilus atricapUlus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER, Edinb. New Philos. Journ.,
(n. s.), i, 1855, p. 240 (part; Trinidad, Brit. Guiana); idem, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1858, p. 215 (part; Trinidad, Brit. Guiana); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B.,
1862, p. 174 (part; Trinidad) ; TAYLOR, Ibis, 1864, p. 85 (Trinidad); PELZELN,
Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 75 (part; Forte do Rio Branco); SCLATER and SALVIN,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 168 (Pilar, Bermudez); FINSCH, 1. c., 1870, p. 568
(Trinidad); RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 7, 1884, P- *73 (Trinidad); SALVIN,
Ibis, 1885, p. 423 (Brit. Guiana).

Thamnophilus canadensis (not of LINNAEUS) STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
65, 1913, p- 202 (Cariaquito, Paria coast; Vagre River, Jocopita, Manimo R.,
Orinoco-delta). '

so as to comprise all of Venezuela, British Guiana and even the Rio Branco dis-
trict of n. Brazil, typical S. c. canadensis becoming, thus, restricted to French and
Dutch Guiana.

Twenty females from the two last named countries have only the foreneck, chest
and sides buff or ochraceous, with the middle of the abdomen extensively pure white and,
besides, the majority have the upper part of the head of a lighter, cinnamon-rufous
tone. In females from Venezuela, Brit. Guiana, Trinidad and Rio Branco, the middle of
the belly is decidedly buff or light ochraceous, hardly paler than the rest, while the
pileum, as a rule, is darker, more of a chestnut rufous. The coloration of the head,
however, is subject to much individual variation and does not hold good in about
one-third of the specimens examined. There is no constant difference between the
males of the two races, so far as I can see. The color of the back is exceedingly variable
within the same locality, every shade from deep rufous-brown to dull rufescent
brown being represented in each of the series from the Rio Branco, Caura River,
Lower Orinoco and Trinidad, with the darker phase, however, predominating.
Among twenty-two adult males from French and Dutch Guiana, on the other hand,
there is not one approaching the darkest extreme of trinitatis, while six are even
paler above than the lightest-backed, being almost olive brown with a hardly per-
ceptible rufescent hue.

I do not see how the birds of the middle stretches of the Orinoco can be separ-
ated from those found lower down on that mighty river. The type of H. c. inter-
medius though rather pale below, is exactly matched by the lightest bellied example
from Tucacas (Falcon), and a series of females from Altagracia show the same amount
of individual variation as another from the lower Orinoco (San Felix, Ciudad Bolivar,
Las Barrancas).

Birds from the coast region of nw. Venezuela (Aragua, Carabobo; Tucacas,
Falcon; El Hacha and Aroa, Bolivar Railroad) average slightly smaller, with gener-
ally shorter crest and are, as a rule, a little paler. The males present, in the color of the
back, a wider amount of individual variation than those from any other locality,
the darkest being fully as deeply colored as the darkest phase from Trinidad and the
Caura-Orinoco-basin, while the palest examples closely match the lightest olive-
backed extreme of typical canadensis.

Two males from Munduapo and San Fernando de Atabapo, by their dusky backs
with restricted brown margins, form the transition to S. c. loretoyacuensis, of Upper
Amazonia.

The foregoing notes are based on the study of more than 170 specimens cover-
ing the entire range of canadensis and trinitatis. C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 55

Thamnophilus canadensis canadensis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 31
(Seelet, Pointe Gourde, Chaguaramas, Laventille, Trinidad); idem, 1. c.,
14, 1907, p. 60 (part; Brit. Guiana, Trinidad; Venezuela (Cumana, Orinoco,
Caura); Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco, n. Brazil); HELLMAYR and
SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, Sept. 1912, p. 119 (San Esteban).

Thamnophilus canadensis trinitatis BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9,
1902, p. 70 (Altagracia, Quiribana de Caicara, Santa Barbara, Ciudad Boli-
var, Munduapo, Maipures, Orinoco R. ; Suapure, La Pricion, La Union,
Caura R.); BEEBE, Zoologica (N. Y.), i, No. 3, 1909, p. 92 (La Brea, Orin-
oco-delta).

Hypolophus canadensis trinitatis CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2,
1916, p. 276 (Maripa, Mato R., Caura; San Feliz River, Lower Orinoco;
crit.).

Hypolophus canadensis intermedius CHERRIE, 1. c., p. 277 ("middle Orinoco from
Ciudad Bolivar and beyond"; type from Caicara in Brooklyn Museum
examined).

Sakesphorus canadensis (not of LINNAEUS) CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921,
p. 14 (British Guiana; numerous localities).

Range : Trinidad ; Venezuela, from the Paria Peninsula west to the
states of Aragua (Maracay), Carabobo (San Esteban, El Trompillo)
and Falcon (Tucacas; El Hacha and Aroa, Bolivar Railroad); in the
Orinoco Valley from the delta up to San Fernando de Atabapo, and on
its tributary, the Caura River; British Guiana; northern Brazil, on
the upper Rio Branco (Boa vista, Sao Joaquim).

12: Brazil (Boavista, Rio Branco) 8, Trinidad (Seelet) 2, British
Guiana (Demerara River) i, Venezuela (Maracay, Aragua) i.

Sakesphorus canadensis loretoyacuensis (Bartlett). BARTLETT'S
CRESTED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus loretoyacuensis BARTLETT, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 374 (Loretoy-
acu, R. Maranon, ne. Peru; type in Brit. Museum examined by C. E. H.);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 205 (Loretoyacu, Upper Ucayali) ;
SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 272.

Thamnophilus loretoyacensis TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 13 (descr.
d" ex Loretoyacu, ne. Peru).

Thamnophilus canadensis loretoyacuensis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907,
p. 60 (Teffd, Rio Solimoes; crit.), 61 (e. Peru: Loretoyacu, Upper Ucayali;
nw. Brazil: Teff6, Poiares, S. Isabel and Rio Amajau, Rio Negro); JHERING
and JEERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 413 (range).

Thamnophilus leucauchen (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, Edinb. New Philos. Journ.,
(n. s.), i, 1855, p. 241 (part; 9 ex "Camuchurros," e. Peru); TACZANOWSKI,
Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 15 (part; Chamicuros).

Thamnophilus atricapillus (not of VIEILLOT) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 75
(part; below Poiares, Santa Isabel, Rio Negro; Rio Amajau; spec, in Vienna

56 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Museum examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866,
p. 185 (Upper Ucayali); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 273 (Upper Ucayali; spec, in
Brit. Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Northwestern Brazil (Teffe", Rio Solimoes; Poiares and
S. Isabel, on the Rio Negro; Rio Amajau) and northeastern Peru
(Loretoyacu, R. Maranon, R. Ucayali).

*Sakesphorus canadensis pulchellus (Cdbanis and Heine).* COL-
OMBIAN CRESTED ANT SHRIKE.

Hypolophus pulchellus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 16 (Carta-
gena, n. Colombia).

Thamnophilus pulchellus BERLEPSCH, Ibis, 1881, p. 245 (crit.); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 204 (Baranquilla, Valencia, Santa Marta); SALVIN
and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 201 (Rio Truando,
Cartagena, Santa Marta); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13, 1900,
p. 161 (Bonda, Cienaga).

Hypolophus canadensis pulchellus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,
P- 33 ( n - Colombia: Rio Atrato, Rio Truando; Cartagena, Sabanilla, Baran-
quilla; Santa Marta, Bonda, Cienaga, Valencia, Santa Marta).

Thamnophilus canadensis pulchellus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
36, 1917, p. 367 (Turbaco near Cartagena; La Playa, Calamar, Algodonal,
lower Magdalena).

Sakesphorus pulchellus TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922,
p. 317 (Bonda, Cienaga, Gaira, Punta Caiman, Trojas de Cataca, Tucurinca,
Fundaci6n, Santa Marta distr.; Rio Hacha, Goajira; crit.).

a Sakesphorus canadensis pulchellus (CABANIS and HEINE) : None of the char-
acters separating this race from S. c. trinitatis, viz. the brighter, more cinnamon
tinge of the back, the absence of gray on the rump, the white spotting on forehead
and sides of head, the white admixture in black of throat, the purer white ground
color of the under parts, the fulvous or buffy suffusion on the flanks, and the longer
occipital crest, although quite appreciable in a series, is an absolute feature. The
only point of distinction that can always be relied upon is the greater extent of the
white apical markings on the lateral reetrices, this being particularly noticeable on
the outermost pair where the marginal stripe on the outer web is confluent with the
white tip. The female may likewise be distinguished by more white in the tail ; besides,
the under parts are generally brighter ochraceous-buff , either wholly uniform or with
but a few narrow dusky streaks on the foreneck.

Birds from the Goajira Peninsula and nw. Venezuela (Rio Aurare, se. of Alta-
gracia, Zulia; Barquisimeto, s. Lara) have slightly larger bills, more white on fore-
head, the sides of the head mainly white, and less black on the under parts, this
color being, on the throat, sometimes nearly concealed by the white apical portions
of the feathers. As, however, about fifty percent of the specimens are indistinguish-
able from pulchellus, of nw. Colombia, I agree with E. W. C. Todd that the recogni-
tion of phainoleucus is of no practical advantage.

Seven specimens from Barquisimeto and two females from Tocuyo, in southern
Lara show no approach to S. c. trinitatis, of which I have examined a good series from
Tucacas, coast of Falcon, and five skins from Aroa and El Hacha, Bolivar Railroad,
in the northern portion of the state of Lara.

A single male from Catatumbo, sw. of Lake Maracaibo, however, combines the
general coloration above and the extensive white tail-markings of pulchellus with
the dark gray flanks and the chiefly black sides of the head of trinitatis. More
material is required to prove the constancy of these characters or otherwise.
C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 57

Thamnophilus cirrhatus (not of GMELIN) d'ORBiGNY and LAFRESNAYE, Rev.

Zool., i, 1838, p. 165 (Cartagena).
Thamnophilus atricapillus (not of VIEILLOT) CASSIN, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.,

1860, p. 1 88 (Carthagena).

Thamnophilus sp.? CASSIN, 1. c., p. 189, No. 88 (Rio Truando).
Thamnophilus leucauchen (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds,

1862, p. 174 (part; spec, c, Santa Marta); SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1880,

p. 171 (Valencia, Santa Marta).
Hypolophus pulchettus phainoleucus TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, April

1915, p. 80 (Rio Hacha, Goajira, Peninsula, nw. Venezuela; type in Carnegie

Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Northern Colombia (Rio Atrato, Truando, Sinu; Carta-
gena, Baranquilla, Santa Marta district; lower Magdalena Valley;
Goajira Peninsula) and northwestern Venezuela (Rio Aurare, ten
miles southeast of Altagracia, eastern shore of Lake Maracaibo, Zulia;
Barquisimeto and El Cuji, Tocuyo, Lara; ? Catatumbo R., south-
west of Lake Maracaibo).

4: Venezuela (Rio Aurare 3, Catatumbo i).

Sakesphorus cristatus (Wied).* BRAZILIAN CRESTED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus cristatus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1002 ("Campo
Geral in Sertao des Inneren von Bahia," e. Brazil); BURMEISTER, Syst.
Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 97 (part); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858,
p. 215 (diag. d" from spec, in Paris Museum); BERLEPSCH, Ibis, 1881, p. 245
(crit.); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 249 (crit. on Wied's
type); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 203 (descr. o 71 ); MENEGAUX
and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (gth sen), 8, 1906, p. 26 (crit.).

Lanius poecilurus (Cuvier Ms.) PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855,
p. 331, pi. 17, fig. 2 (= o* ad.) ("Bresil"; type examined in Paris Museum).

Thamnophilus atricapillus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ.,
(n. s.), i, 1855, p. 240 (part; Bahia).

Range: Campos districts of eastern Brazil, in states of Bahia and
Ceara."

Sakesphorus cristatus (WIED) : Male differs from the members of the S. canadensis
group by lacking the ashy rump; by having the back rather brighter rufescent-brown;
the upper tail coverts barred with black and white (instead of black with white
tips) ; by the rectrices being, on either web, marked with five large white marginal
spots. The flanks are fulvous (not grayish), and the bill is decidedly smaller. Wing,
67; tail, 59. Female unknown.

b There are two specimens from Ceard obtained by Miss Snethlage in the Para
Museum. Unfortunately, I kept no memorandum about their exact place of cap-
ture. The male in the Paris Museum was secured by the botanist Auguste de Saint-
Hilaire, who did not visit either Bahia or Ceara, but travelled extensively in the
southeastern states, from Minas Geraes and Rio de Janeiro down to Rio Grande do
Sul. It is probably somewhere in the campos districts of Minas Geraes that he
obtained his example of this exceedingly rare species which may ultimately prove to
be merely a race of canadensis. C. E. H.

58 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Sakesphorus bernardi bernardi (Lesson). WHITE-NAPED ANT SHRIKE.

Tamnophilus Bernardi (Abeill6 Ms.) LESSON, Echo du Monde Savant, n,
No. 15, Aug. 22, 1844, p. 348 (Guayaquil, sw. Ecuador; descr. 9); idem,
Oeuvres compl. Buffon, (6d. LeVlque), 20 (Descr. Mammif. et Ois.), 1847,
p. 299 (Guayaquil).

Thamnophilus albinuchalis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, April 1855, p. 18 (Guay-
aquil and Puna Isl., sw. Ecuador; descr. o" ad. and cf juv.); idem, Edinb. New
Phil. Journ., (n. s.), i, April 1855, p. 241 (reprint of orig. descr.); idem, P. Z. S.
Lond., 26, 1858, p. 216 (Guayaquil, Puna Isl.); LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat.
Hist., 9, 1870, p. 236 (Puna Isl.); BERLEPSCH, Ibis, 1881, p. 245 (part; Ecua-
dor); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 204, pl.i 4 (part; Guayaquil,
Puna, Ecuador); SALVADOR: and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362,
1899, p. 28 (Savanna of Guayaquil).

Hypolophus bernardi bernardi HELLMAYR, Verhandl. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, No. 2,
Sept. 1917, p. 189 (part; Guayaquil, Puna Isl.).

Range: Southwestern Ecuador (Guayaquil district, Puna Isl.).

Sakesphorus bernardi piurae (Chapman).'' PIURA ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus bernardi piurae CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 86, Aug. 1923,

p. 3 (Samate, Prov. Piura, nw. Peru).

Thamnophilus albinuchalis (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1877, p. 324 (Tumbez; spec, examined by C. E. H.); idem, 1. c., 1880, p. 201
(Callacate; 9 examined); idem, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 14 (part; Tumbez,
Callacate); BERLEPSCH, Ibis, 1881, p. 245 (part; n. Peru); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 204 (part; Tumbez).
Hypolophus bernardi bernardi HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, No. 2, Sept.

1917. P- *89 (part; Tumbez).

Range: Southwestern Ecuador (in provinces of Loja and El Oro)
and northwestern Peru (provinces Tumbez, Piura and evidently also on
the east slope of the coast range in Prov. Cajamarca). b

*Sakesphoras bernardi cajamarcae (Hellmayr).* CAJAMARCA ANT

SHRIKE.

Hypolophus bernardi cajamarcae HELLMAYR, Verhandl. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13,
No. 2, Sept. 1917, p. 1 88 (Tembladera, Dept. Cajamarca [type]; Trujillo,
Guadalupa, Paucal, Dept. Libertad, w. Peru [excl. Callacate]).

Sakesphorus bernardi piurae (CHAPMAN): "Intermediate between S. b. bernardi
and S. b. cajamarcae; nearer the latter, but on average smaller, with the brown areas
paler; the male with upper parts between brussels-brown and raw-umber, instead of
deep brownish auburn; the female deep Sudan-brown, rather than bright auburn
above, the rectrices without subterminal black markings, and with less suggestion of
blackish markings on breast; slightly larger than bernardi, the male with the back
brighter brown, the front and sides of the throat with more white; the female brighter
and deeper brown, the occiput more or less black, instead of largely or wholly Sanford's
brown. Wing 79^-85; tail 61-65 >; bill 23-24." (Chapman, 1. c.)

b An adult female from Callacate agrees in size and extent of black on hind-crown
as well as in other characters, so well with another from Tumbez, that I have little
doubt the birds of the Upper Maranon should be referred to piurae. C. E. H.

Sakesphorus bernardi cajamarcae (HELLMAYR) : Differs from S. b. bernardi in
larger size, much darker rufous-brown upper parts, brighter cinnamon-brown edges

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 59

Thamnophilus bernardi baroni HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, No. 3,
Dec. 1917, p. 498 (Trujillo and Yonan River, Dept. Libertad, w. Peru).

Thamnophilus albinuchalis (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, a,
1884, p. 14 (part; Guadalupa, Paucal, Dept. Libertad, w. Peru).

Range : Pacific slope of western Cordillera in depts. Cajamarca and
Libertad, western Peru.

i: Peru (Menocucho, Dept. Libertad).

*Sakesphorus melanonotus (Sclater). BLACK-BACKED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus melanonotus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 19, pi. 80
(Santa Marta; descr. cf ad.); idem, Edinb. New Phil. Journ., (n. s.), i, 1855,
p. 242 (Santa Marta); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 216 (Santa Marta);
idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 175 (Santa Marta); idem, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 205 (Santa Marta; San Esteban, Carabobo); BANGS, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, 1898, p. 138 (Santa Marta); ROBINSON and RICHMOND,
Proc. U. S. Mus., 24, 1901, p. 174 (La Guaira, n. Venezuela); ALLEN, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13, 1900, p. 161 (Bonda, Santa Marta); idem, 1. c.,
21, 1905, p. 289 (Bonda; descr. nest and eggs); HELLMAYR and SEILERN,
Archiv Naturg., 78, A., Heft 5, 1912, p. 120 (San Esteban).

Sakesphorus melanonotus TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922,
p. 316 (Bonda, Mamatoco, Santa Marta, La Tigrera, Fundaci6n, Tucurinca,
Santa Marta dist.).

Range: Littoral of Colombia (Santa Marta district, south to El
Guayabal, 1,000 feet alt., ten miles north of Cucuta, State of Santander),
and Venezuela in states of Falcon (Tucacas), Carabobo (San Esteban,
Las Trincheras) and Caracas (La Guaira).

2: Colombia (El Guayabal, Santander).*

Sakesphorus melanothorax (Sclater). b BLACK-THROATED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus melanothorax SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, 1857, p. 133 ("in
America meridionale," we suggest French Guiana; type in Brit. Mus. exam-
ined by C. E. H.; = 9); idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 210; idem, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 188 (descr. 9).

on wing coverts and remiges, and by having the forehead, and in the male sex also the
malar region, cheeks and upper throat much less variegated with white. Wing (c?)
84-88, ( 9) 85; tail 68-72; bill 20^-23. C. E. H.

These specimens agree perfectly with topotypes from Santa Marta. Birds
from Venezuela are not different either. The female differs from S. c. pulchellus
by rufous-brown (instead of black) tail; bright buff (instead of white) markings on
wing coverts, remiges and rectrices; by lacking the occipital crest and the cinnamon-
rufous pileum, the feathers of this part being dull black, very narrowly edged with
rufescent-brown; much darker back with a large, white interscapular patch, etc.
C. E. H.

b Sakesphorus melanothorax (SCLATER): Male similar to 5. /. luctuosus (LiCHT.),
but lacks the occipital crest and differs, besides, by having white edges to the upper
wing coverts, much longer white tips to the rectrices, and by the white margin along

60 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus moestus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 141, Note i
(Cayenne; types in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.; = d" ad.).

Thamnophilus camopiensis MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, 1904, p. 175 (Cam-
opi, French Guiana; type in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.; = 9 ad.).

Myrmelastes melanothorax MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris,
(9th sen), 8, 1906, p. 33 (crit.; descr. cf, 9 ; French Guiana); BERLEPSCH,
Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 161 (Cayenne, Camopi).

Range: French Guiana (Cayenne, Camopi, Tamanoir, Mana River).

Sakesphorus luctuosus luctuosus (Lichtenstein). CRESTED ANT SHRIKE.

Lanius luctuosus LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 47 ("Para,"
sc. Cametd, Rio Tocantins).

Lanius melas (Cuvier Ms.) PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855, p. 328,
pi. 17, fig. i (= o") (locality unknown; type in Paris Museum examined by
C. E. H.).

Thamnophilus luctuosus SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ., (n. s.), i, 1855, p. 234
("Para" [ex LICHTENSTEIN]; descr. cf, 9 [excl. "e. Peru" ex TSCHUDI]);
SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 211 (descr. cf; "e. Peru," errore!);
SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1867, p. 575 (Rio Tocantins); PELZELN, Orn.
Bras., 2, 1868, p. 76 (Cara-raucu above Obidos; Tapajdz; Borba, Rio Madeira),
141 (descr. cf, 9 ex Borba; excl. TSCHUDI'S reference from Peru) ; ALLEN,
Bull. Essex Inst., 8, 1876, p. 80 (Lower Amazons); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 190 (Cara-raucu, Tapaj6z; descr. cf); RIKER and CHAP-
MAN, Auk, 8, 1891, p. 28 (Santarem; descr. 9); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith.,
SSi 1907, p. 283 (Monte Alegre, Cussary).

Myrmelastes luctuosus MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris*
(9th ser.), 8, 1906, p. 32 (crit. on type of L. melas PUCH.); JHERING and
JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 218 (Santarem); HELLMAYR, Nov.
Zool., 14, 1907, p. 17 (Urucurituba, Itaituba, R. Tapaj6z), 372 (Humaytha,
R. Madeira); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 509 (Goyana, Ilha do
Papagaio, Tapajoz), 531 (Arumatheua, Tocantins); idem, 1. c., 61, 1913,
p. 528 (haunts); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 306 (Ilha Pae Lourengo,
Arumatheua, Tocantins; Victoria, Fort Ambe', R. Xingu; Santa Julia,

the inner web of the remiges being barely indicated. Female very different and more
like that of Myrmeciza melanoceps (Spix) in coloration, but with the top of the
head bright ferruginous like the back instead of black. Wing (three o"cf) 81-84,
(three 99) 79-82; tail 70-72; tars. 23-25; bill 19-21.

5. melanothorax is undoubtedly congeneric with S. luctuosus, the style of colora-
tion being practically the same in the males of the two species, although S. melano-
thorax has a somewhat slenderer bill and less graduated tail, while the occipital
feathers are much less elongated. In these respects, it closely resembles 5. melan-
onotus. S. melanothorax, thus, occupies an intermediate position between 5. luctuosus
and the typical species, and I do not see my way of separating, genetically, the two
species with black-bellied females from Sakesphorus. They are, however, very
different from Myrmeciza (Myrmelastes) with which they were associated for some
time, having much shorter tarsi and toes, stouter, less compressed bill, much more
densely feathered forehead and lores, and the naked spaces behind and below the
eye much less extensive. C. E. H.

1924- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 61

R. Iriri; Cussary; Goyana, Papagaio, Rio Tapaj6z; Boa Vista, Tucunare',
R. Jamauchim; Arumanduba, Monte Alegre, Rio Maecuru, Obidos, Rio
Jamunda (Far6) north bank of lower Amazon).

Myrmelastes luctuosus luctuosus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 353 (Cal-
ama, Jamarysinho, Rio Madeira).

Range: Lower Amazonia, from the Tocantins to the Rio Madeira
and its affluent, the Machados; on the north bank from the Rio Jary to
the Jamunda.

Sakesphorus luctuosus araguayae (Hellmayr).* ARAGUAY CRESTED
ANT SHRIKE.

Myrmdastes luctuosus araguayae HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 68 (Rio
Araguaya, Prov. Goyaz, c. Brazil).

Range : Rio Araguaya, interior of Goyaz, central Brazil.

Genus BIATAS Cabanis and Heine.

Biastes (not of PANZER, 1806) REICHENBACH, Handbuch Scans., 1853, p. 175
(type Ana bates nigropectus LAFRESNAYE).

Biatas CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 19 (new name for Biastes
REICHENBACH, preoccupied).

Biatas nigropectus (Lqfresnaye). BLACK-BREASTED ANT SHRIKE.

Anabates nigro-pectus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (and ser.), a, 1850, p. 107,
pi. i, fig. 3 (= of) ("in America meridionale" ; we suggest vicinity of Rio de
Janeiro as type locality).

Biastes nigropectus BURMEISTER, System. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 84 (Novo
Friburgo, Rio); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 74 (Ypanema, S. Paulo;
descr. 9).

Biatas nigropectus SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 215 (se. Brazil;
descr. cf, 9); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1899, p. 238 (Piracicaba,
S. Paulo); idem, 1. c., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Cantagallo, Novo Friburgo).

Biastes nigripectus JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 201
(Conceicao dos Guarulhos, S. Paulo).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catha-
rina. b

Sakesphorus luctuosus araguayae (HELLMAYR) : Differs from 5. /. luctuosus by
the much shorter white tips being restricted to the three lateral pairs of rectrices,
and by the rather broader white edges to the scapular feathers. Wing (c?) 79-82,
(9) 77-8i; tail (c?) 70-73, (9) 68-73; bill 19-21.

b The Munich Museum possesses an adult male obtained on May 5, 1910, in the
forests near Blumenau, Santa Catharina. C. E. H.

62 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Genus THAMNOPHILUS Vieillot.

Thamnophilus VIEILLOT, Analyse d'une nouv. Ornith. 616m., 1816, p. 40 (type by

subs, desig., Gray, 1840, "Pie-grieche ray6e, de Cayenne" =Lanius doliatus

LINNAEUS).
Erionotus CABANIS and HEINE," Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 15 (type by subs, desig.,

SCLATER, 1890, Thamnophilus caerulescens VIEILLOT).
Rhopochares CABANIS and HEiNE, b Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 17 (type Tliamno-

philus torquatus SWAINSON).

*Thamnophilus doliatus doliatus (Linnaeus). WHITE-BARRED ANT
SHRIKE.

Lanius doliatus LINNAEUS, Mus. Ad. Frid., 2, Prodr., 1764, p. 12 (no locality
given; Surinam suggested by BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902,
P- ?o).

Lanius surinamensis SCHRANK, Abhandl. einer Privatgesellsch. Naturf. und
Okonomen in Oberdeutschland, i, 1792, p. 95, pi. 3 (=o" ad.) (Surinam);
F. A. A. MEYER, Zoolog. Annalen, i, 1794, p. 137 (latin translation).

Lanius ferrugineus (not of GMELIN, 1788) RICHARD and BERNARD, Act. Soc-
d'Hist. Nat. Paris, i (i), 1792, p. 911 ( = 116) (= 9) (Cayenne; coll. Le
Blond).

Lanius rubiginosus BECHSTEIN, Allgem. Ubers. Vogel, i, 1793, p. 696 (new name
for Lanius ferrugineus RICH, and BERN.); LATHAM, Ind. Ornith., Suppl.
1 80 1, p. xix (= 9 ; Cayenne).

Lanius ferruginatus G. C. REICH, Magazin des Thierr. (Erlangen), i, (3), 1795,
p. 129 (new name for Lanius ferrugineus RICH, and BERN.).

Thamnophilus doliatus CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, 1848,
p. 687 (coast of Brit. Guiana); SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ., (n. s.),
! J 855, p. 235 (part; Brit. Guiana, Cayenne); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 26,
1858, p. 217 (part; Cayenne, Brit. Guiana, n. Brazil); BURMEISTER, Syst.
Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 98 (part); BONAPARTE, Bull. Soc. Linn. Nor-
mandie, 2, 1857, p. 34 (Cayenne); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867,
P- 575 (Maraj6); LAYARD, Ibis, 1873, p. 387 (Para) ; ALLEN, Bull. Essex Inst.,
8, 1876, p. 80 (Maraj6); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 424 (ex Schomburgk); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 207 (part; Georgetown, Demerara, Brit.
Guiana; Cayenne; Maraj<5; Para); GOELDI, Ibis, 1897, p. 161 (Amapa);
MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, 1904, p. 175 (St. Georges d'Oyapoc,
Ouanary, Mahury, Mana, French Guiana); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15,
1908, p. 153 (Cayenne, Roche-Marie), 319 (localities ex MENEGAUX); SNETH-
LAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 283 (Amapa, Maraj6, Monte Alegre);
SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 273 (Castanhal near Para; Paco-
val, Sao Natal, Tuyuyu, Chaves, Maraj6 ; Amapa, Monte Alegre, Rio Jamundd
[Faro]); BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i, 1917, p. 132 (Bartica Grove); CHUBB,
Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 12 (British Guiana).

We find it impossible to separate Erionotus generically unless it be restricted
to the caerulescens-group, which would necessitate the recognition of several others
more or less ill-defined sections.

b We do not consider the slightly slenderer bill to be of sufficient importance to
separate this section generically from Thamnophilus.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 63

Thamnophilus doliatus doliatus HELLMAVR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr.
Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 133 (Cachoeira, Isl. Maraj6); HARTERT and
GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, 1917, p. 497 (Surinam, Cayenne, Brit. Guiana);
BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, No. 2, 1918, p. 67 (Para-
maribo, Lelydorp, Surinam).

Thamnophilus capistratus (not of LESSON) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 78
(part; Obidos).

Thamnophilus radiatus (not of VIEILLOT) PELZELN, 1. c., p. 78 (part; Forte do
Rio Branco).

Thamnophilus nigricristatus difficilis (err.) HELLMAYR, Verhandl. Zool. Bot.
Gesells. Wien., 53, 1903, p. 216 (part; Obidos).

Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana, northern Brazil from the
upper Rio Branco and Amapa (on the Guianan border) south to the
north bank of the Amazon (Monte Alegre, Obidos), Marajo, and neigh-
borhood of Para (Castanhal).

6: British Guiana (Demerara R. 2, Georgetown i); Dutch Guiana
(Paramaribo 2); northern Brazil (Boa Vista, Rio Branco) i.

*Thamnophilus doliatus fraterculus Berlepsch and Hartert. 3 " VENE-
ZUELAN WHITE-BARRED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus doliatus fraterculus BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9,
1902, p. 70 (Altagracia [type], Caicara, Ciudad Bolivar, Rio Orinoco; Puerto
Cabello, Merida, Venezuela); HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78,
A., Heft 5, 1912, p. 120 (San Esteban); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci.
Bull., 2, 1916, p. 278 (Ciudad Bolivar; Caicara; nest and young descr.);
HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, 1917, p. 497 (crit.; Orinoco, San
Esteban, Mdrida, Tachira, Venezuela; Trinidad).

Thamnophilus doliatus fraterculus BERLEPSCH and HARTERT may be character-
ized as a smaller form with shorter tail, and generally lighter under parts, resulting
from the reduction of the black markings in the male sex. The race, however, is a
very unsatisfactory one, and all of its characters are bridged over by individual varia-
tion. Males from the Guianas and Maraj6 have , as a rule, the white crown-patch more
extensive, though one or two do not differ in this respect from the average of frater-
culus, while, on the contrary, one from Caracas, two from Margarita, and the type
of heteroleucus (from Tocuyo, Lara) show quite as much white as the whitest-crowned
extreme from Guiana. I cannot detect any constant difference in the shape of the
white tail-markings, although it might be that in doliatus they never become so
spot-like as is the rule in fraterculus. The striping on the throat is subject to much
individual variation. It must be admitted, however, that not one in the consider-
able series of fraterculus has the throat so heavily streaked with black as the two
darkest males from Guiana (one from Cayenne, the other from Georgetown) ; whereas
in Venezuela one meets with numerous individuals having but narrow indistinct or
hardly any streaks on that part of the body. As to the pattern of the under parts,
birds from the Guianas and Maraj6 are fairly constant, having the black and white
bars of about equal width and extended down to the tail coverts. On the other
hand, fraterculus presents a striking amount of individual variation, the darkest
specimens (two from Tachira) being indistinguishable from the average of doliatus,
while the majority have decidedly less black underneath, the dark bars becoming
narrower or even evanescent on the middle of the abdomen and under tail coverts.
In arranging the material, according to the amount of black markings beneath, in
six groups: No. i denoting the darkest extreme with regularly barred under parts,
No. 6, the lightest with hardly any streaks on throat and nearly plain (unbarred)

64 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus doliatus (not of LINNAEUS) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858,
p. 217 (part; Trinidad); TAYLOR, Ibis, 1864, p. 85 (Trinidad); LEOTAUD,
Ois. Trinidad, 1866, p. 264 (Trinidad); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 6, 1894, p. 50 (Princestown) ; ALLEN, 1. c., 4, 1892, p. 55 (Carupano,
ne. Venezuela); PHELPS, Auk, 14, 1897, p. 365 (Cumana, Cumanacoa, S. An-
tonio, Bermudez); ROBINSON and RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Mus., 18, 1895,
p. 673 (Margarita Isl.), 684 (La Guayra); idem, 1. c., 24, 1900, p. 174 (La
Guaira, S. Julian); CLARK, Auk, 19, 1902, p. 264 (Margarita Isl.); HELLMAYR,
Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 30 (Caparo, Seelet, Pointe Gourde, Laventille, Trini-
dad); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., i, 1906, p. 192 (Aripo); idem,

1. c., 2, 1908, p. 365 (Pointe Gourde [ = Carenage], Aripo, Trinidad); LOWE,
Ibis, 1907, p. 560 (Margarita Isl.); CORY, Field Mus. Publ., Orn. Ser., I,
1909, p. 247 (Margarita Isl.).

Thamnophilus doliatus doliatus (err.) CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull.,

2, 1916, p. 278 (Ciudad Bolivar, R. Orinoco); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 367 (Villavicencio, e. Colombia).

Thamnophilus doliatus catus BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 24, June 1911,
p. 189 (El Valle, Margarita Isl.); HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24,
1907, p. 497 (Cumana, Margarita Isl).

abdominal line, the others representing intermediate stages, the various localities
divide somewhat differently among the sections, as may be seen from the subjoined
tabula.

Section 123456

French Guiana 1311

British Guiana i i

Trinidad 1322

Margarita Isl. 4 2

Bermudez 5 i

Middle Orinoco (Ciudad Bolivar to Altagracia) i 51

Villavicencio, e. Colombia i 2

Coast region of nw. Venezuela 1472

Tocuyo, Lara i

Tachira, w. Venezuela 2 3

It will thus be seen that, while average specimens of doliatus and fraterculus,
falling into sections 3 and 4, are indistinguishable from each other, the former attains
a darker stage which never occurs in the range of fraterculus, and a large percentage
of the latter reaches a degree of whiteness unknown among Guianan birds.

I am unable to separate the Margarita Island race catus from fraterculus. It is
true, six males are very white beneath ; but two- thirds of my series from nw. Venezuela
(Carabobo, Caracas, Aragua, Tucacas) match them exactly, while among six from
the opposite coast of Bermudez (Cumand), only one is similar, the five remaining
ones being more heavily barred with black, like Orinocan-specimens (topotypical
fraterculus). The type of heteroleucus, from Tocuyo, s. Lara is again very white and
practically a duplicate of the lightest Margarita example, and the recognition of
catus (to which heteroleucus had to be united), would result in a geographical impossi-
bility. Birds from Margarita and Cumand have by no means smaller bills than
those from other parts of Venezuela. Trinidad birds are very difficult to allocate.
In size, they are intermediate between doliatus and fraterculus, but have the short
tail of the latter. According to the coloration of the underparts, half of the males are
like doliatus (groups i and 2), while the other half corresponds to the darker varieties
(groups 3 and 4) of the fraterculus series.

1924- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 65

Thamnophilus doliatus heteroleucus ToDD,Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 26, 1913, p. 172
(Tocuyo, Est. Lara, w. Venezuela; type in Carnegie Museum examined).

Range : Trinidad ; Venezuela, from Bermudez (Cumana and vicinity)
and Margarita Island, along the north coast to Tocuyo (Est. Lara)
and on the southern slope of the Andes to Merida and Tachira, and in
the Orinoco Valley from Ciudad Bolivar upwards; eastern Colombia
(Villavicencio, also found in native "Bogota"-collections).

33: Margarita Isl. 14; Venezuela (Cumana i; Caracas 9; Lake
Valencia 2; Maracay, Aragua 4; Colon, Tachira 3).

Thamnophilus doliatus tobagensis Hartert and Goodson.* TOBAGO
ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus doliatus tobagensis HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, 1917,
p. 497 (Tobago Isl.).

The females do not present any racial variation in color. The throat varies,
regardless of locality, from plain buff to heavily striped with blackish. Examined: 26
T. d. doliatus, 95 T. d. fraterculus.

MEASUREMENTS

ADULT MALES WING TAIL

Two from Maraj6, Brazil 74,79 61,62

Six from French Guiana 73,73/^,75,76,76,77 63,63,64,65,65,65^

Two from British Guiana 75,77 62,62 >

Eight from Trinidad 70,71, 71^,72, 72, 74,74,75 59,59,59,60,60,60,60,60^

Six from Margarita 71,71,71,71, 74,75 56,59,59,596o,6o>

Five from Bermudez 70,70,71,71,72 56,s8,58,58>

Five from the middle Orinoco 73,73,74,74,75 58,59,59,60,61

Three from Villavicencio.Colombia 70,71,74 57,59,63 (!)

Four from Caracas 69,70,70 #,7i.# 57,58,60,62^ (!)

Four from Carabobo (S.Esteban) 68,71,72,72 58,59,61 #,62

Three from Lake of Valencia 70,71,72 57,60,60

OnefromElTrompillo, Carabobo 74 63 (!)

One from Falcon (Tucacas) 70 58

One from n. Lara (Aroa) 76 (!) 62 ^ (!)

One from s. Lara (Tocuyo) 74 (!) 64 # (!)

Three from Tachira 72,74,74^ 58,59,63 (!)

FEMALES

Four from French Guiana 72, 72 #,73, 73^ 62,62 #,65,65

One from Surinam 76 63

One from British Guiana 74 65

One from Rio Branco, n. Brazil 72 63

Six from Trinidad 67^,70,70^,71,72,73 56,56,57,58,58,59

Four from Margarita 67,71,72,73 55,56,56>,57

One from Bermudez 71 59

Five from middle Orinoco 70,71,72,72,72 56,56,60,60,62

Two from Villavicencio, Colombia 74, 74 59,64 (!)

Three from Caracas 68,70,70 57,58,6o

Two from Falcon (Tucacas) 68,69 55,55

One from n. Lara (Aroa) 70 60

Two from s. Lara (Tocuyo) 70,72 61,64 (!)

One from Tachira 75 (!) 60 C. E. H.

Thamnophilus doliatus tobagensis HARTERT and GOODSON: Nearest to
T. d. fraterculus, but larger with stronger bill; male with much more white on fore-
head, and somewhat narrower black barring on lower parts; female rather lighter, more
cinnamon-rufous above; forehead decidedly buff; under parts averaging lighter

66 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus doliatus (not of LINNAEUS) JARDINE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 20,
1847, p. 321 (Tobago; habits) ; CORY, Auk, 10, 1893, p. 220 (Tobago) ; DALMAS,
Mem. Soc. Zool. France, 13, 1900, p. 141 (Tobago).

Range: Island of Tobago.
29: Tobago (22 o"o*, 7 99).

*Thamnophilus doliatus nigrescens Lawrence.* LAWRENCE'S BARRED
ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus nigrescens LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, May 1867,

p. 469 ("Venezuela" b ; types in American Museum Nat. Hist, examined).
Thamnophilus bricenoi HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 220, pi. 4, left fig.

("Sabanetas de Estanques," 800 metr., "Andes of Merida," Venezuela; types

in Tring Museum examined).
Thamnophilus doliatus dearborni CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Sen,

i, May 1913, p. 290 (Encontrados, Zulia, lower Catatumbo River); idem,

1. c., Aug. 1916, p. 337 (crit.).

Range: Heavily forested region south of Lake Maracaibo, Zulia,
western Venezuela.

6: Venezuela (Encontrados 3, Catatumbo River 3).

ochraceous; throat always entirely unstreaked. Wing (o") 74-78, (9) 71-75;
tail 57-63; bill 19-20,^.

Males from Tobago are, as a rule, underneath whiter than the general run of
fraterculus, though they apparently never reach the whitest extreme oi fraterculus as
represented by some specimens from Margarita and the type of T. d. heteroleucus.
The striping of the throat is a variable character. C. E. H.

'Thamnophilus doliatus nigrescens LAWRENCE: Male differs from doliatus and
fraterculus by much darker under parts, the black stripes on the throat being much
broader, and the black cross-bands on breast and belly about twice as wide as the
white interspaces; besides, the white markings above are narrower, and there is less
white on front and sides of the head. Female on average more deeply colored above
and below, the female type of dearborni being particularly dark; but another from
Catatumbo River hardly differs from the average of Cayenne-females. Wing (four
o*c?) 70, 73, 75, 76, (four 9 9) 72, 73, 73, 78; tail 60-65; bill 18^-21. Although
quite distinguishable in a series, the variability of this bird clearly indicates that it
is merely a race of the doliatus-group. C. E. H.

b The types of T. nigrescens LAWR., kindly forwarded by F. M. Chapman, were
obtained by a Mr. G. Robbins and passed into the collection of John Cassin of
Philadelphia, who presented them to Geo. N. Lawrence. Two specimens (Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 43,373 c? 1 ; No. 43,337 9 juv.) are marked "Venezuela," the
third (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 43,372 tf 1 ) no doubt erroneously "Demerara."
All three were evidently prepared by the same hand and unquestionably pertain to
the same form. The American Museum also possesses an adult male of Sakesphorus
canadensis pulchettus, labeled as having been collected by Geo. Robbins in "Ven-
ezuela," which agrees perfectly with examples of the "phainoleucus" '-phase from
the Maracaibo region. It appears, thus, more than probable that Lawrence's original
specimens came from this particular district. As a matter of fact, the types of
nigrescens are quite indistinguishable from those of T. d. dearborni. The late
C. B. Cory was misled to describe the Catatumbo-birds as new, by two males of frater-
culus from Tachira which had been wrongly referred to nigrescens. C. E. H.

The type is practically identical with one of Lawrence's original examples to
which it was compared, and there can be no doubt whatever as to bricenoi being

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 67

Thamnophilus doliatus subradiatus Berlepsch.* WESTERN BARRED
ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus subradiatus BERLEPSCH, Journ. Ornith., 35, 1887, p. 17 ("Ober-
amazonas," the type from Iquitos, ne. Peru, examined in the Berlepsch
collection); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 273 (Cachoeira, Bom
Lugar, Monte Verde, Ponto Alegre, Rio Punis).

Thamnophilus doliatus (not of LINNAEUS) TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10, (i),
1844, P- 2 77 (Peru); idem, Faun. Per., Aves, 1846, p. 171 (Peru; spec, in
Mus. Neuchatel examined); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 217 (part;
Rio Ucayali); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 19 (descr. o", 9;
Sarayacu, e. Peru).

Thamnophilus radiatus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1866, p. 185 (Sarayacu, Ucayali; Nauta); idem, 1. c., 1867, p. 978 (Pebas);
idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 273 (Sarayacu, Nauta, Pebas); TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1874,
p. 529 (Monterico, Amable Maria); idem, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 20 (Sara-
yacu, Nauta, Pebas, Amable Maria, Monterico); SCLATER and SALVIN,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1876, p. 16 (Huiro, Maranura, se. Peru).

Thamnophilus nigricristatus (err.) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 209
(part, subsp. subradiatus, spec, o-q, Nauta, Sarayacu, Pebas, R. Ucayali,
R. Amazons).

(?) Thamnophilus radiatus nigricristatus (not of LAWRENCE) RIKER and CHAP-
MAN, Auk, 8, 1891, p. 28 (Santarem, R. Tapaj6z).

Thamnophilus nigricristatus subradiatus HELLMAVR, Verhandl. Zool. Bot. Ges.
Wien, 53, 1903, p. 217 (crit. ; Iquitos, Samiria, ne. Peru); BERLEPSCH and
STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, 1906, p. 93 (Santa Ana, Prov. Convencion); JHERING,
Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 438 (Rio Jurua; c?, 9 examined by C. E. H.);
idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 200 (Rio Jurud); HELLMAYR, Nov.
Zool., 14, 1907, p. 61 (Teff6, Rio Solimoes).

Thamnophilus doliatus subradiatus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 370
(Humaytha, Rio Madeira); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 342 (Calama, Marmellos
S. Isabel, Rio Preto, Rio Madeira district); HARTERT and GOODSON, 1. c.,
24, 1917, p. 497 (crit.); HELLMAYR, 1. c., 28, 1921, p. 195 (range).

Thamnophilus radiatus subradiatus CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Mus., No. 117, 1921,
p. 79 (Santa Ana, Chauillay, San Miguel Bridge, Urubamba region).

a synonym of nigrescens. I feel, however, rather uncertain about the locality
"Sabanetas de Estanques," a place that I have not been able to locate on any map.
If really in the "Andes of Merida," it will have to be looked for somewhere on the
northern slope of the range towards the south end of Lake Maracaibo, where
T. d. nigrescens evidently replaces the ordinary fraterculus. E. Hartert (in litt.)
states that the range of "doliatus" given by him (Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 220) as
extending to "the plains of Zulia" is incorrect, adding that he has never seen any
specimen from this province. C. E. H.

Thamnophilus doliatus subradiatus BERLEPSCH: The male bears a striking re-
semblance to T. d. nigricristatus LAWRENCE, in having the pileum quite or nearly
wholly black, and the under parts, posterior to the throat, regularly barred with
black and white down to the tail coverts, but is decidedly larger. Wing 74-77;
tail 62-66. From its geographical neighbor, T. d. radiatus, it is easily separable
by the much broader as well as more extensive black barring underneath. C. E. H.

68 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus variegaticeps BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN," P. Z. S. Lond., 1896,
p. 379 (La Merced, Chanchamayo, Dept. Junin; type in Berlepsch collec-
tion examined).

Thamnophilus nigricristatus variegaticeps HELLMAYR, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges.
Wien, 53, 1903, p. 217 (crit.).

Thamnophilus tadiatus variegaticeps BANGS and NOBLE, Auk, 35, 1918, p. 452
(Bella vista, R. Maranon; spec, examined).

Thamnophilus doliatus variegaticeps HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 195
(range).

Range: Amazonia, from eastern Peru (depts. Loreto, Amazonas,
Junin, Cuzco), to western Brazil (Rio Purus, Jurua, east to the Rio
Madeira (possibly to the Tapaj6z), north to Teffe, Rio Solimoes).

7: Peru (Moyobamba 4, Chanchamayo i, Rio Colorado, Chan-
chamayo 2).

Thamnophilus doliatus difficilis Hellmayr* GOYAZ BARRED ANT
SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus nigricristatus difficilis HELLMAYR, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien,
S3. I 9Q3, p. 216 (Rio Claro [type], Rio Araguay, Goyaz, c. Brazil; excl. Obi-
dos); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 200 (part; Goyaz).

Thamnophilus capistratus (not of LESSON) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., a, Sept. 1868,
p. 78 (part; Rio Araguay and Rio Claro, Goyaz).

Thamnophilus doliatus difficilis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 68 (Rio
Araguaya, Goyaz; crit.); idem, 1. c., 28, 1921, p. 195 (Goyaz).

(?) Thamnophilus radiatus (not of VIEELLOT) REISER, Denkschr. math, naturw.
Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, 1910, p. 65 (Uniao and Queimadas, Rio Parnahyba,
Piauhy.

Range : Central Brazil, Prov. Goyaz (on the banks of the Rio Claro
and Araguaya); and apparently also in northern Piauhy (on the Rio
Parnahyba). 8

With more material for comparison, I find it impossible to maintain varie-
gaticeps as distinct. The white spotting at the base of the crown-feathers is indi-
vidually variable, and the white bands across the rectrices do not afford a better
character either. Some males from n. Peru have even more white on the crown than
the type from La Merced, while in several others from Chanchamayo the pileum is
entirely black without any white. C. E. H.

b Thamnophilus doliatus difficilis HELLMAYR: Very similar to T. d. subradiatus,
of Upper Amazonia, but with weaker, slenderer bill ; males with forehead more densely
streaked with white, and ground color of under parts more purely white. Wing
74-80; tail 64-70.

c Otmar Reiser (in litt.) writes me that the specimens from the lower and middle
stretches of the Parnahyba, n. Piauhy, originally determined as T. radiatus, are
very different from this race. He believes them to be referable to subradiatus,
which is, however, hardly possible from geographical reasons, and I have little doubt
they rather belong to difficilis, found in the neighboring State of Goyaz. C. E. H.

BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 69

*Thamnophilus doliatus radiatus Vieillot. AZARA'S BARRED ANT
SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus radiatus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 3, 1816,
p. 315 (based on "Batara listado" Azara, No. 212: Paraguay); SCLATER,
Edinb. New Phil. Journ., (n. s.), i, 1855, p. 237 (descr.); idem, P .Z. S. Lond.,
26, 1858, p. 218 (Paraguay; Yungas, Santa Cruz de la .Sierra, Chiquitos,
Moxos, Bolivia; descr. o 71 , 9); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 78 (Arica,
Estiva, Cuyaba, Matto Grosso); BERLEPSCH, Journ. Ornith., 1887, p. 17
(Lambarg, Paraguay); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 94
(Yungas, "Reyes" and "Falls of the Madeira", Bolivia); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 210 (Bolivia); KERR, Ibis, 1892, p. 132 (Fortin Page,
lower Pilcomayo); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5, 1893, p. 115 (Cha-
pada, Matto Grosso); SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 10, No. 208, 1895,
p. 13 (Paraguari, Colonia Risso, Paraguay; Corumba, Matto Grosso); idem,
1. c., 15, No. 378, 1900, p. 9 (Urucum, sw. Matto Grosso); KERR, Ibis, 1901,
p. 277 (Villa Concepcion, Paraguay); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires,
18, 1910, p. 284 (lower Pilcomayo); CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 520 (Sapucay,
Paraguay); GRANT, 1. c. f 1911, p. 136 (Boca de Homiguera, sw. Matto Grosso;
Cabo Emma, Paraguay); BERTONI, Faun. Parag., 1914, p. 51 (Asuncion);
MENEGAUX, Rev. Prang. d'Orn., No. 96, 1917, p. 55 (S. Luis de Caceres,
Matto Grosso).

Thamnophilus doliatus (not of LINNAEUS) D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. mend.,
Ois., 1838, p. 194 (Chulumani, Irupana, Yungas; Santa Cruz de la Sierra,
Chiquitos, Moxos, Bolivia; descr. c? ad., o" juv., 9 ; spec, in Paris Museum
examined); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 623 (ex D'Orbigny);
DARWIN, Zool. "Beagle," 3, 1839, p. 58 (Maldonado, Uruguay); JHERING,
Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 353 (part; 9, Avanhandava, n. Sao Paulo);
idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 199 (Avanhandava, S. Paulo; spec, exam-
ined).

Thamnophilus nigricristatus subsp. subradiatus (not of BERLEPSCH) SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 209 (part; spec, a', b', Chapada, Matto
Grosso).

Thamnophilus nigricristatus (not of LAWRENCE) JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 5,
1902, p. 274 (Jaboticabal, S. Paulo; spec, in Museu Paulista examined);
idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 200 (Jaboticabal).

Thamnophilus doliatus radiatus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 194 (Bolivia;
crit.), 195 (range).

Range: Paraguay; Bolivia; southwestern Brazil, in states of Matto
Grosso and in the northern districts of Sao Paulo (Jaboticabal, Avan-
handava). 11

5: Brazil (Chapada, Matto Grosso 4), Bolivia (Todos Santos, Rio
Chapare* i).

Its occurrence in Uruguay where Darwin secured a single example at Maldo-
nado is evidently quite exceptional.

70 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

*Thamnophilus doliatus capistratus Lesson.* EAST BRAZILIAN BARRED
ANT SHRIKE.

Tkamnophilus capistratus LESSON, b Rev. Zool., 3, 1840, p. 226 ("Bresil");
SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ., (n. s.), x, 1855, p. 236 (crit.) ; idem, P. Z. S.
Lond., 26, 1858, p. 218 (Brazil; descr. of d* only); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 209 (Bahia; "Rio de Janeiro"); HELLMAYR, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges.
Wien, 53, 1903, p. 217 (diagn. o"; Bahia); idem, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak.
Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 655 (crit.; Lamarao, Bahia; descr. 9); MENEGAUX
and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (9th ser.), 8, 1906, p. 27 (crit. on
9 , type of L. ruficeps PUCHERAN) ; REISER, Denkschr. math, naturw. Kl. Ak.
Wiss. Wien, 76, 1910, p. 65 (Lamarao, Bahia ;Facenda da Serra, Rio Grande,
nw. Bahia; Parnagua, Pedrinha, Lake of Parnagua, s. Piauhy).

Thamnophilus radiatus (not of VIEILLOT) SPIX, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 24, pi. 35,
fig- 2 ( = o"), pi. 38, fig. i ( = 9 ) ("in sylvis Brasiliae;" o" examined in Munich
Museum).

Thamnophilus doliatus (not of LINNAEUS) WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2),
1831, p. 995 ("Campos Geraes").

Lanius ruficeps (Cuvier Ms.) PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855,
p. 332 ("Br6sil, coll. Aug. de Saint Hilaire"; type in Paris Museum exam-
ined; = 9 ad.).

Thamnophilus doliatus capistratus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 196 (range).

Range: Eastern Brazil, in states of Bahia, Ceara and southern
Piauhy (Lake of Parnagua).

6: Bahia (Macaco Secco near Andarahy) 5, Ceara i.

*Thamnophilus doliatus albicans Lafresnaye". COLOMBIAN BARRED
ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus albicans LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 7, 1844, p. 82 ("Bogota,"

Colombia); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 148 (Bogota) ; idem, Cat. B.

Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 210 (Bogota).
Thamnophilus radiatus albicans CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,

1917, p. 368 (Chicoral, Honda, Puerto Berrio, Malena, Nare, Magdalena

Valley).

Thamnophilus doliatus capistratus LESSON: Male differs from all other doliatus-
races by having the white markings on the rectrices smaller and restricted to the
outer web, the median pair showing, sometimes, only a few tiny spots along the
inner vane; the middle line of the abdomen (unbarred) plain white as in T. a. albi-
cans. Female distinguishable by having narrow, discontinuous, but distinct dusky
crosslines on the breast, while the throat is more heavily striped with blackish than
even in doliatus. C. E. H.

b Although Lesson's description is not very explicit, yet I think that "rectrices
laterales noires ray6es de blanc pur par petites et tres courtes bandelettes" suits the
e. Brazilian bird sufficiently well to allow his name to stand. C. E. H.

Thamnophilus doliatus albicans LAFRESNAYE: Male closely resembling T. d.
radiatus, but black bars underneath narrower, and middle of abdomen including
under tail coverts plain (unbarred) white. Female hardly different from radiatus,
sometimes with indications of dusky striations across chest. C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 71

Range: Restricted to the upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia; com-
mon in "Bogota"-collections. a

2: Colombia ("Bogota" i, Honda i).

Thamnophilus doliatus zarumae Chapman.* ECUADORIAN BARRED
ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus zarumae CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 18, Sept. 1921, p. 6
(Zaruma, Prov. del Oro, w. Ecuador).

Range : Southwestern Ecuador (provs. El Oro and Loja) and adjoin-
ing portion of Prov. Piura, northwestern Peru.

"Thamnophilus doliatus nigricristatus Lawrence. BLACK-CRESTED
ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus nigricristatus LAWRENCE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, p. 107
(Lion Hill, Panama Railroad); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 209
(part; Minas de Chorcha, Chiriqui; Chitra, Veragua; Panama; Santa Marta);
SALVIN and GOD MAN, Biol. Centrali-Americ., Aves, 2, Feb. 1892, p. 204
(part; Minas de Chorcha, Chiriqui; Chitra, Calovevora, Calobre, Veragua;
Paraiso Station, Lion Hill, Panama) ; THAYER and BANGS, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 46, 1905, p. 150 (San Miguel Isl.), 216 (Sabana de Panama).

Thamnophilus doliatus nigricristatus BANGS, Auk, 18, 1901, p. 30 (San Miguel
Isl.)

Thamnophilus doliatus (not of LINNAEUS) ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
13, 1900, p. 161 (Bonda); BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl. f 2, 1904, p. 24
(Lion Hill, Panama).

Thamnophilus radiatus nigricristatus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., No. 50, Part 5,
1911, p. 37 (monogr., synon., Chiriqui, Veragua, Panama, San Miguel Isl.;
Cartagena, Santa Marta, n. Colombia); STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1918, p. 260 (Tabernilla, Gatun, Panama); TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Car-
negie Mus., 14, 1922, p. 315 (Mamatoco, Fundacion, Dibulla, Tucurinca,
Loraa Larga, Santa Marta district).

Range : Panama (chiefly in the eastern parts ) and Caribbean coast
district of Colombia (Cartagena, Santa Marta region).

3: Panama (Balboa).

The locality "Carthagena" given by Cabanis and Heine (Mus. Hein. 2, 1859,
p. 1 8) is no doubt a mistake, unless the bird be referable to nigricristatus.

b Thamnophilus doliatus zarumae CHAPMAN: Similar to T. d. albicans ,but with
shorter wings and smaller bill; male with flanks and under tail coverts bright buff,
black bars beneath narrower and restricted to chest; black streaks on throat less pro-
nounced; axillaries, under wing coverts and quill-lining buff (instead of pure white) ;
white striping on forehead more extensive. Female paler above and below. Wing
69 ; tail 67, 68 ; bill 1 7-18. Four specimens from the type locality examined. C. E. H.

The black-crested Ant Shrike is the only form occurring in Veragua and along
the (former) Panama railroad, and while generally distinguishable by the broader
and more extensive black barring below, some males closely approach albicans, from

72 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus doliatus pacificus Ridgway. PACIFIC ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus doliatus pacificus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, Oct. 1908,
p. 193 (Chinandega, Nicaragua); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910,
p. 604 (Pacific lowlands and lower slopes of Costa Rica); RIDGWAY, Bull.
U. S. Mus., No. 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 43 (Pacific slope of Central America,
from w. Panama (Chiriqui) to Chiapas, se. Mexico; monogr., synon.).

Thamnophilus doliatus (not of LINNAEUS) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,

1890, p. 208 (part); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2,

1891, p. 202 (part); BANGS, Auk, 18, 1901, p. 366 (Divala, David .Chiriqui);
DEARBORN, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., i, 1907, p. 109 (part; San
Jos6, Esquintla; Lake Amatitlan, w. Guatemala); BANGS, Auk, 24, 1907,
p. 296 (Boruca, Paso Real, Lagarto, Barranca, Puntarenas, w. Costa Rica).

Range: Pacific slope of Central America from western Panama
(Chiriqui) through Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Guatemala to Chiapas,
eastern Mexico.

13: Nicaragua (San Geronimo, Chinandega) 10; Guatemala (Lake
Amatitlan i, San Jose", Esquintla i); Chiriqui i.

*Thamnophilus doliatus mexicanus Allen. MEXICAN ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus affinis (not of SPIX, 1825, nor of D'ORBIGNY and LAFRESNAYE,
1837) CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 17 (Xalapa, Vera Cruz).

Thamnophilus doliatus mexicanus ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889,
p. 151 (new name for Thamnophilus affinis, preoccupied); RIDGWAY, Bull.
U. S. Mus., No. 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 41 (monogr., synon.; e. Mexico in states
of Tamaulipas, Vera Cruz, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Oaxaca, Tabasco and
Chiapas; e. Nicaragua and e. Costa Rica).

Thamnophilus doliatus (not of LINNAEUS) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,

1890, p. 200 (part); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves 2,

1891, p. 202 (part); DEARBORN, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., i,
1907, p. 109 (part; Los Amates, e. Guatemala).

Thamnophilus intermedius RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 10, Aug. 1888, p. 581
(Truxillo, Honduras).

Range: Caribbean slope of Central America, from eastern Mexico
to eastern Costa Rica.

15: Mexico ("Mexico" i, Vall6s, San Luis Potosi i, Tampico, Tam-
aulipas 3) 5; Guatemala (Los Amates, Izabel 5, Vera Paz i, Chapulco i)
7; Nicaragua (San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua) 2; Costa Rica (Guayabo) i.

"Bogota" and the upper Magdalena Valley. In w. Panama (on the slopes of the
volcano of Chiriqui) T. d. pacificus, with the crown-feathers extensively white at
the base in the male sex is by far the predominating form; but I have seen a few,
notably a male from Minas de Chorcha and another from El Banco, Chiriqui, which
were hardly distinguishable from the black-crested nigricristatus, although slightly
intermediate in coloration between this and pacificus.- -C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 73

Thamnophilus doliatus yucatanensis Ridgway. YUCATAN ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus doliatus yucatanensis RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, Aug.
1908, p. 193 (Temax, Yucatan) ; idem, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 191 1, p. 44
(Yucatan; Meco, Cozumel Isl.; Campeche; monogr., synon.).

Thamnophilus doliatus (not of LINNAEUS) SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-
Americ., Aves, 2, 1891, p. 202 (part; Yucatan, Meco, Cozumel).

Range: Yucatan, including Meco and Cozumel islands, and Cam-
peche; possibly also arid coast belt of Tamaulipas.

*Thamnophilusmultistriatus Lafresnaye. BARRED-CRESTED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus multistriatus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 7, 1844, p. 82 ("Colombie,"
= Bogota) ; SCLATER, Edinb. New Philos. Journ., (n. s.), i, 1855, p. 238 (descr.
o", 9); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 219 (descr. <?, 9; Bogota);
WYATT, Ibis, 1871, p. 333 (Ocafia); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1879, p. 524 (Concordia, Medellin, Antioquia); BERLEPSCH, Journ, Ornith.,
32, 1884, p. 307 (Bucaramanga) ; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 211 ("Panama" and Colombia [Bogota, Medellin, Concordia]); STONE,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 306 (Antioquia); RIDGWAY, Bull.
U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 45 (Colombia); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 368 (Los Cisneros, Caldas, Salencio, Las Lomitas,
San Antonio, w. Andes; La Frijolera, Cali, Cauca Valley; Miraflores, Salento,
c. Andes; La Candela, head of Magdalena; Andalucia, Fusugasuga, western
slope of e. Andes).

Range : Subtropical zone of western and central, and west slope of
eastern Andes of Colombia."

5: Colombia (Amalfi, Antioquia 2, "Bogota" i, San Antonio i,
Palo Hueco near Pacho, Cundinamarca i).

Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus tenuepunctatus Lafresnaye. LINED ANT
SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus LAFRESNAYE, b Rev. and Mag. Zool., (2nd ser.),
5t 1853, p. 339 ("Anolaima in Colombia" 8 ).

Thamnophilus tenuipunctatus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 219 (Bogota;
= o"); BERLEPSCH, Zeitschr. ges. Ornith., 4, 1887, p. 185 (Bogota); SCLATER,

There is no evidence of the species having ever occurred in Panama. Sclater's
"record" appears to be due to a mere pen-slip.

b Although Lafresnaye, in his original description, makes the misleading state-
ment: "remigibus atris, vexillo interno tantummodo maculis triangularibus, latioribus
albis marginato," Mr. Outram Bangs (in litt.) tells me that the type (now Mus.
Comp. Zool., No. 76,751) has distinct, though small white spots on the outer web
as well. C. E. H.

e I cannot help thinking that there is some mistake regarding the locality, since
T. t. tenuepunctatus, otherwise, has only been found on the eastern slope of the
e. Andes, while on the west slope, T. multistriatus appears to take its place. C. E. H.

74 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 211 (part; Bogotd, Colombia); CHAPMAN,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 368 (Villa vicencio, e. slope of
e. Andes).

Range : Eastern Andes of Colombia.

Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus tenuifasciatus Lawrence.* LAWRENCE'S
LINED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus tenuifasciatus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, 1867,
p. 468 (Rio Napo, Ecuador; type in Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, examined); CHAP-
MAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 368 in text (crit. on type).

Thamnophilus doliatus ? SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 457 (Zamora, e. Ecua-
dor; specimen examined); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 175 (part;
spec, d, Zamora).

Thamnophilus tenuipunctatus ? TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1885, p. 99 (Mapoto, e. Ecuador); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 211 (part; specimen i, j, Zamora, Jima, e. Ecuador).

Thamnophilus puncticeps SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 212 (part;
specimen d, Sarayacu, e. Ecuador).

Thamnophilus berlepschi (nee TACZANOWSKI) SALVADOR: and FESTA, Boll. Mus.
Torino, 15, No. 362, 1899, P- 28 (Gualaquiza, Zamora, e. Ecuador; speci-
mens examined).

Range: Eastern Ecuador (Zamora, Gualaquiza, Mapoto, Jima,
Sarayacu).

Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus berlepschi Taczanowski* BERLEPSCH'S
LINED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus berlepschi TACZANOWSKI, Ornith. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 22 (Huambo,
Chirimoto, n. Peru); MENEGAUX, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., i, No. 20, Dec. 1910,
p. 321 (Nuevo Loreto, Rio Mixiollo, Huallaga).

Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus tenuifasciatus: Differs, in the male sex, from
T. t. tenuepunctatus of Colombia, by having the white cross-lines on back, upper
wing coverts and secondaries decidedly broader (about imm. wide) as well as more
regular, and the forehead more densely striped with white. Besides, the rectrices,
instead of being marked with some isolated small marginal spots, have on either
web a number of distinct white cross-bars separated from one another along the
shaft by a black interspace, from two to four millimetres wide; the black and white
bands on the under parts are nearly of equal width, while in T. t. tenuepunctatus,
the black bands are two or three times as broad as the white ones. Five adult males
from Zamora and Gualaquiza were compared with five males from "Bogota" and
three from Villavicencio. The type of T. tenuifasciatus is a young male molting
from the juvenile livery with rufous-edged wings into the black-and-white plumage
of the adult. The female of T. t. tenuifasciatus (two from Zamora examined) is very
similar to that of T. multistriatus, but more heavily marked with black on sides of
head and throat, and more broadly barred with black on breast and belly. C. E.H.

b Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus berlepschi: Two males from Huayabamba and
Nuevo Loreto, the only ones I have seen, differ from T. t. tenuifasciatus of Ecuador,
by the white cross-lines on the back, secondaries and tail being continuous, not inter-
rupted in the middle; underneath, the two races are perfectly alike. A female is

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS CORY. 75

Thamnophilus tenuipunctatus (not of LAFRESNAYE) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1882, p. 29 (Chirimoto, Huambo); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 211 (part; specimens from Chirimoto and Huayapampa, Peru).

Thamnophilus tenuifasciatus (not of Lawrence) TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6rou, 2,
1884, p. 21 (i o" ad. Moyobamba, Peru).

Range: Northern Peru, in depts. Amazonas and Loreto.

i: Peru (Poco Tambo, near Ucho, 40 miles east of Chachapoyas).

*Thamnophilus palliatus (Lichtenstein). CHESTNUT-BACKED ANT
SHRIKE.

Lanius palliatus LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 46 (Bahia,
e. Brazil).

Thamnophilus palliatus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1010 (se.
Brazil); LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2,
p. ii (Chiquitos, e. Bolivia); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage AmeY. m6rid., Ois., 1838,
p. 174 (Guarayos, e. Bolivia); BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856,
p. 99 (Aldea da Pedra, Rio de Janeiro) ; SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ.,
(n. s.), i, 1855, p. 239 (diagn., range); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 219
(diagn., range); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 78 (Rio de Janeiro,
Registo do Sai, Sapitiba, Rio; Para; Engenho do Capt. Gama, w. Matto
Grosso); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 576 (Pard); Layard,
Ibis, 1873, p. 386 (Para); EULER, Journ. Ornith., 1868, p. 159 (Cantagallo;
breeding habits); CABANIS, 1. c., 1874, p. 86 (Cantagallo); TACZANOWSKI,
P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 53 (Amable Maria, S. Bartolome 1 , Auquimarqua,
Peru); SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1879, p. 623 (Tilotilo, Consati, Bolivia);
FORBES, Ibis, 1881, p. 347 (Parahyba; Macuca, Garanhuns, Pernambuco);
TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, a, 1884, p. 17 (Peru); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 212 (Para, Pernambuco, Bahia, Novo Friburgo, Brazil);
JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Cantagallo; Novo Friburgo);
HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 366 (San Antonio do Prata, Para);
SNETHLAGE, Joum. Ornith., 1907, p. 283 (Rio Moju, Pard, Prata, Ourem);
idem, 1. c., 1908, p. 510 (Villa Braga, Tapaj6z) ; JHERING and JHERING, Cat.
Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 201 (Bahia; Rio Doce, Esp. Santo); SNETHLAGE,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 273 (Pard, Quati-puru, S. Antonio do Prata,
Braganca; Rio Guamd; Rio Moju; R. Tocantins [Baiao]; R. Tapaj6z [Villa
Braga]); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 201 (e. Bolivia; crit.).

Thamnophilus palliatus palliatus HELLMAYR, Abhandl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., math,
phys. Kl., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 92 (Para-localities).

Thamnophilus lineatus( not of VIEILLOT, 1816) SPIX, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 24,
pl- 33i fig- * (o" ), 2(9) (no locality); see HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr.
Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3* 1906, p. 655 (crit.; =T. palliatus); TSCHUDI, Faun.
Peru., Aves, 1846, p. 171 (Peru).

Thamnophilus fasciatus SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 2, No. 5, April, 1825, p. 88
(Urup, Bahia).

more broadly barred with black below than those from Ecuador, and I am unable
to distinguish it from that of T. palliatus. The white spotting of the crown which
induced Taczanowski to admit two species in Peru, is a variable character as shown
by the series of males from Ecuador. C. E. H.

76 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Lanius vestitus LESSON, Traitd d'Ornith., livr. 5, end of 1830, p. 375 (new name

for Thamnophilus lineatus SPIX, pi. 33: "Brdsil"); PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus.

Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855, p. 328 (Bresil; type examined by C. E. H. in Paris

Museum; = d").
Thamnophilus badius SWAINSON, Ornith. Drawings, Part 5, 1840 (?), pi. 65 ( = cf) ;

Part 6, 1841, pi. 66 (= 9).
Thamnophilus puncticeps SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 212

(part; types from Tilotilo and Consati, Yungas of La Paz, Bolivia).
Thamnophilus palliatus puncticeps BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond,.

1896, p. 380 (Garita del Sol, Peru); idem, Ornis, 13, 1906, p. 116 (Huayna-

pata, se. Peru).

Range: Eastern Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro and Espirito Santo
north to Para, west to the Tapaj6z; Matto Grosso ; eastern and northern
Bolivia; central and southeastern Peru (depts. Junin, Huanuco and
Cuzco). a

12: Peru (Chinchao 3, Huachipa 3, Vista Alegre 4), Brazil (Tury-
assu, Maranhao 2).

Thamnophilus nigriceps Sclater. b TURBO ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus nigriceps SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., "1868," Part 4, publ. April
1869, p. 571 ("Bogota"; the type examined by C. E. H. in the British Museum
is certainly not a "Bogota" skin, its "make" being more like the skins sent

Having now examined a satisfactory series of fifteen specimens from Peru and
Bolivia, I fail to see how T. puncticeps can be separated, even subspecifically, from
T. palliatus, of Brazil. The coloration of the head in the male is extremely vari-
able individually, birds with nearly uniform black pileum and others with more or
less white spotting being found alike in the Andean districts and in Brazil. The
rufescent wash on the flanks is not a reliable character either, though it must be
admitted that some Peruvian birds have more rufous than any from Brazil; yet the
majority from the west are not distinguishable on this score from typical palliatus.
Peruvian birds possibly average slightly larger.

Adult males from various localities measure as follows:

Seven from Bahia, wing, 72, 73, 73, 73, 74, 74, 75; tail, 61, 63, 66, 66, 68, 68.

One from Espirito Santo, wing, 74; tail, 65.

One from Mojos, e. Bolivia, wing, 72; tail, 64.

One from Tilotilo, n. Bolivia, wing, 72 ; tail, 64^.

Two from Huachipa, Peru, wing, 73, 77; tail, 66, 70.

One from Chinchao, Peru, wing, 79; tail, 75.

Two from Vista Alegre, wing, 75, 75^; tail, 66, 70.

One from Chanchamayo, wing, 79; tail, 74.

b Thamnophilus nigriceps SCLATER: The adult male is dull black, slightly more
sooty on the flanks; under wing coverts mostly white, more or less edged and spotted
with blackish; no trace of a white interscapular patch. Wing 74-78; tail 63-66; bill
17^-19- In proportions of wing and tail, it agrees with T. bridgesi which it also
resembles in the black general coloration, but may be distinguished by lacking the
white apical spots on the upper wing coverts and lateral rectrices as well as the white
inner margin to the quills, while the under parts are of a deeper, less slaty-black. The
style of coloration in the female sex, notably the light striping on top and sides of
the head, throat and chest is another irrefutable sign of the near relationship of the
two birds. In view of these facts, I cannot possibly separate T. bridgesi as a
different genus (Abalius), merely on account of its much larger bill. C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 77

from n. Colombia (Baranquilla) ; = 9 ad.); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 194, pi. 12 ( = 9 ) ("Bogota") ; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
36, 1917, p. 365 (crit., male descr.; Atrato River; Iguamiando, upper Atrato;
Algodonal, Puerto Berrio, Malena, west of Honda, lower Magdalena; El Real,
Tapaliza, e. Panama); TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922,
p. 314 (Tucurinca, Terras Nuevas, Trojas de Cataca, Fundaci6n, west edge
of Santa Marta distr.).

ThamnophUus virgatus LAWRENCE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 22, "1868," publ.
April 27, 1869, p. 361 (Turbo, e. side of Gulf of Uraba) ; SALVIN and GODMAN,
Biol. Centrali-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 199 (Turbo).

ThamnophUus virgatus virgatus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,
p. 46 (Turbo).

ThamnophUus sp., CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 189, No. 87
(Turbo; two females).

Range: Tropical zone of eastern Panama (El Real and Tapaliza
in Darien) and northern Colombia, from the Atrato River east to the
western edge of the Santa Marta region (Tucurinca, Terras Nuevas,
Trojas de Cataca, Fundaci6n) and down the Magdalena River so far
south as Honda.'

*Thamnophilus bridges! Sclater. BRIDGES'S ANT SHRIKE.

ThamnophUus bridgesi SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, Aug., 1856, p. 141 (David,
Chiriqui, w. Panama; descr. 9); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 194
(Bugaba, Mina de Chorcha, Chiriqui); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-
Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 199, pi. 49, fig. 2 (= 9) (Costa Rica, Chiriqui);
CHERRIE, Auk, 10, 1893, p. 279 (crit.; sexual difference, habits; Costa Rica);
BANGS, Auk, 24, 1907, p. 296 (sw. Costa Rica); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie
Mus., 6, 1910, p. 601 (w. Costa Rica).

Abalius bridgesi RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 25 (sw. Costa
Rica and w. Panama).

ThamnophUus punctatus (not Lanius punctatus SHAW 1809) CABANIS, Journ.
Ornith., 9, 1861, p. 241 (Costa Rica; = o*); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 191 (Costa Rica; Bugaba, Mina de Chorcha, Chiriqui); SALVIN
and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 198, pi. 49, fig. i (= cf)
(Costa Rica, Chiriqui).

Range: Southwestern Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriqui).

7: Costa Rica (Boruca i, Lagarto 3, Pozo Azul i), Panama (Chi-
riqui 2).

Specimens from El Tambor, Rio Lebrija, n. Santander, kindly loaned by
Mr. W. E. C. Todd, indicate the probable existence of a slightly different race in the
Magdalena Valley. Its correct name can be decided only by a careful reexamination
of the type in the British Museum. C. E. H.

78 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus nigrocinereus* nigrocinereus Sclater. SCLATER'S CIN-
EREOUS ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus nigro-cinereus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, April 1855, p. 19,
pi. 81 ("Pard"=Rio Tocantins, Est. Para); idem, Edinb. New Phil.
Journ., (n. s.), i, 1855, p. 246 (diag. cf, 9 ; "Para"); idem, P. Z. S. Lond.,
26, 1858, p. 212 ("Para"; diag. o", 9); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862,
p. 173 (Brazil) ; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 575 (Rio Tocan-
tins, Mexiana) ; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 194 (Rio Tocantins,
Mexiana, "Pard"); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 197
("Pard," Tocantins); HAGMANN, Zool. Jahrb., (Syst.), 26, No. i, 1907, p. 33
(Mexiana); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 283 (Mexiana, Maraj6;
"Pard" = Ilha das Oncas); idem, 1. c., 56, 1908, p. 538 (Rio Tocantins);
idem, 1. c., 61, 1913, p. 528 (habits; Maraj6, Mexiana, islands in delta of
Amazons and lower Tocantins; high campos near Monte Alegre); idem, Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 269 (Ilha das Oncas, Tocantins (Ilha Itaiuna),
Maraj6 (S. Natal), Mexiana; Arumanduba, Monte Alegre).

Thamnophilus nigrocinereus nigrocinereus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910,
P- 337 ("Pard," R. Tocantins, Mexiana, Maraj6, Monte Alegre; crit., descr.
o", 9); idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2,
1912, p. 113, 120 (Mexiana; variation, range).

Thamnophilus sp.? SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 575 ("Ama-
zons").

Thamnophilus cinereo-niger (not of PELZELN) SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55,
1907, P- 283 (Maraj6, Monte Alegre; spec, in Museu Goeldi examined
by C. E. H.).

Range: Northern Brazil, north bank of lower Amazon (Aruman-
duba, Monte Alegre), islands in the delta of the Amazon (Ilha das
Oncas, Maraj6, Mexiana) and inlets of lower Tocantins.

Key to the races of Thamnophilus nigrocinereus.
A Back sooty gray or black, under parts slate-gray or black (adult males).

a Entire back (except white dorsal patch) black . . . T. nigrocinereus tschudii.
b Lower back and rump slate-gray.

a' Top and sides of head as well as mantle deep sooty black, with silky
gloss; under parts darker slate-gray.
i Throat darker than breast, frequently sooty black; lower tail coverts

uniform slate-gray T. nigrocinereus nigrocinereus.

2 Throat slate-gray like abdomen; lower tail coverts broadly tipped

with white T. nigrocinereus huberi.

b' Top of head dull blackish, mantle sooty gray, clouded with blackish;
sides of head sooty gray; under parts lighter slate-gray, lower tail coverts

tipped with white T. nigrocinereus cinereoniger.

B Back olive or rufous brown; under parts ferruginous or rufous brown (females).

a Throat sooty black, back chestnut brown T. nigrocinereus tschudii.

b Throat ferruginous like remaining under parts.

a' Crown sooty black, sides of head duller blackish.

i Back olive brown, tail dusky T. nigrocinereus nigrocinereus.

2 Back warm rufescent brown; tail dull rufous brown

T. nigrocinereus huberi.

b' Crown and sides of head slate-gray.

i Back warm rufescent brown; wings and tail bright rufous brown

T. nigrocinereus cinereoniger.

2 Back grayish olive; wings and tail brownish olive

T. nigrocinereus kulczynskii.

1924- BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS CORY. 79

Thamnophilus nigrocinereus huberi Snethlage.* HUBER'S CINEREOUS

ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus huberi SNETHLAGE, Ornith. Monatsber., 15, Oct. 1907, p. 161
(Ilha de Goyana, Rio Tapaj6z; types in Museu Goeldi examined by
C. E. H.); idem, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 509 (same locality); idem, 1. c. f
61, 1913, p. 528 (Lower Tapaj6z); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 270
(Goyana, Rio Tapaj6z).

Thamnophilus nigrocinereus huberi HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 338
(Santarem, Ilha Goyana, Rio Tapaj6z; crit., diag. o", 9).

Thamnophilus cinereo-niger PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 76 (part, Tapaj6z;
spec, in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.) ; CHAPMAN and RIKER, Auk,
8, 1891, p. 28 (Santarem); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907,
p. 197 (part; Tapaj6z).

Range: Northern Brazil, banks and islands of the Rio Tapaj6z.

Thamnophilus nigrocinereus cinereoniger Peheln. PELZELN'S CINER-
EOUS ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus cinereoniger PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 76, 143 (above
Ayrao, near Villa de Moura, Marabitanas, Rio Negro; Rio Vaup6s; Rio
Amajau; type from Rio Amajau, No. 16,573 in Vienna Museum examined
by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 193 (part; Rio
Amajau, Rio Negro); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 69
(Altagracia, Munduapo, Maipures, Rio Orinoco, Venezuela); JHERING and
JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 197 (part; Rio Negro, Venezuela);
SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 269 (part; Rio Negro); CHERRIE,
Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 276 (Altagracia [rare], common
beyond the second falls of Maipures, R. Orinoco).

Thamnophilus nigrocinereus cinereoniger HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910,
p. 338 (Rio Negro, from Ayrao upwards; Altagracia, Maipures, Munduapo,
R. Orinoco).

Range: Northwestern Brazil, on the Rio Negro (from Ayrao up-
wards), and southern Venezuela, on the upper stretches of the Orinoco
(from Altagracia upwards).

Thamnophilus nigrocinereus kulczynskii (Domaniewski and Stolz-

mann). b KULCZYNSKI'S CINEREOUS ANT SHRIKE.
Myrmelastes kulczynskii DOMANIEWSKI and STOLZMANN, Discipl. Biol. Archiv.
Soc. Scient. Varsav., i, No. 8, 1922, p. (Sep. p. 2) (Ouassa, French Guiana;
descr. 9 ).

Thamnophilus nigrocinereus huberi SNETHLAGE: Male agreeing with T. n. nigro-
cinereus in sooty black crown and upper back, and dull black sides of head, but
differs by having the throat slate-gray like remainder of under parts, and the under
tail coverts broadly edged with white. Female also distinguishable by its sooty black
pileum, darker gray sides of head, and the deeper rufous brown edges to the upper
wing coverts, remiges and rectrices. Wing (o*) 82, (9) 78^-80; tail (o") 67,
(9) 62-64; bill 20-21. C. E. H.

b Thamnophilus nigrocinereus kulczynskii (DoMAN. and STOLZM.): Female similar
to T. n. cinereoniger, from the Rio Negro and upper Orinoco, in having the pileum

8o FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus cinereoniger (not of PELZELN) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 193 (part; Oyapoc, Cayenne); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908,
p. 151 (Oyapoc).

Range: French Guiana (Ouassa, Oyapoc).

Thamnophilus nigrocinereus tschudii Pelzeln. TSCHUDI'S ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus tschudii PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 76, 141 (Borba,
Rio Madeira; types in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 191 (Borba; Iquitos, ne. Peru); JHERING and
JEERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 196 (Borba; Peru); SNETHLAGE,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 270 (Rio Madeira; ne. Peru).

Thamnophilus nigrocinereus tschudii HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 337
(Borba), 339 (Borba, Rio Madeira; Nauta, Iquitos, R. Marafion, ne. Peru;
crit., diag. cf, 9 ).

Range: Upper Amazonia, Borba, Rio Madeira, northern Brazil;
Nauta, Iquitos, R. Marafion, northeastern Peru.

Thamnophilus aethiops aethiops Sclater. WHITE-SHOULDERED ANT
SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus aethiops SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 65 (Rio Napo,
e. Ecuador; descr. o", 9), 212 (same locality), 457 (Zamora, e. Ecuador);
idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 173 (Rio Napo); idem, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 190, pi. ii (fig. d% 9) (Rio Napo, Sarayacu, e. Ecuador);
SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, p. 27
(Zamora); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 64 (Coca, upper Napo; spec, in
Tring Museum examined); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 339 (e. Ecu-
ador).

Thamnophilus aethiops aethiops HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 340 (diagn.
o", 9 ; Coca, upper Napo; Sarayacu, Zamora, e. Ecuador).

Range: Eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo, Sarayacu, Zamora).

Thamnophilus aethiops occidentalis Chapman* CHAPMAN'S ANT
SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus aethiops occidentalis CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 86,
Aug. 1923, p. 2 (Cocal, w. Andes of Colombia; type in Amer. Mus. of Nat.
Hist, examined).

Range: Western Andes of Colombia.

sooty gray, but back and edges to quills and rectrices dull grayish or brownish olive
instead of warm rufescent brown. Wing 80; tail 60. A single female from Oyapoc,
French Guiana, which I have examined in the British Museum, is evidently referable
to this newly described form of which the male is unknown. C. E. H.

Thamnophilus aethiops occidentalis CHAPMAN: Male similar to T. a. aethiops,
but upper parts, throat and foreneck duller, sooty black rather than jet black,
and with distinct, through small white apical spots to the wing coverts. Wing 73;
tail 58; bill 1 8. Female unknown. C. E. H.

1 924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 81

Thamnophilus aethiops polionotus Pelzeln* NATTERER'S ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus polionotus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 77, 147 (Mara-
bitanas [type] and Barcellos, Rio Negro, Brazil; type in Vienna Museum
examined); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 339 (crit.; Marabitanas,
Barcellos, Rio Negro; Nicare, La Pricion, Caura R., Venezuela; "Oyapoc,"
French Guiana); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 197
(range ex HELLMAYR); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 151 ("Oyapoc,"
French Guiana); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 275
(La Pricion, Nicare, Caura R.); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914,
p. 270 (range; excl. Rio Madeira).

Thamnophilus aethiops polionotus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1900, p. 339, 340
(diagn. d\ 9; Venezuela [Caura R.]; Rio Negro; "Oyapoc," French Guiana;
excl. Humaytha).

Thamnophilus tristis SCLATER and SALVIN, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., 1873, p. 160
("Oyapoc," French Guiana; type [cf] in British Museum examined by
C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 195 ("Oyapoc," French
Guiana); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 338 (crit.; = T. polionotus
PELZELN).

Thamnophilus sp. inc., BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 69
(La Pricion, Nicare, Caura River; spec, in Tring Museum examined by
C. E. H.).

Range: Northwestern Brazil (Marabitanas and Barcellos, on the
Rio Negro) and eastern Venezuela (La Union and Nicare, Caura
River).

*Thamnophilus aethiops kapouni Seilern.' SEILERN'S ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus aethiops kapouni SEILERN, Verhandl. Orn. Ges. Bayern, n, Heft 4,
Dec. 1913, p. 277 (Yahuarmayo, Carabaya, se. Peru; type in Museum Seilern
examined); HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 83 (Yahuar-
mayo, San Gaban, Carabaya; Chuchurras near Pozuzo, Dept. Huanuco,
Peru; San Mateo, n. Bolivia).

Thamnophilus aethiops polionotus PELZELN: Male differs from T. a, aethiops by
plumbeous (instead of deep black) general coloration, with the cap only blackish,
and by having well-defined though small white apical spots to all of the upper wing
coverts Female distinguishable by lighter rufous (instead of chestnut) brown col-
oration and rufous brown (not blackish) rectrices. o", wing 73-76; tail 59-61;
9, wing 72-75; tail 58-64. C. E. H.

b The locality "Oyapoc, Cayenne" given for the type of T. tristis on the author-
ity of Madame Verdey, a natural history dealer of Paris requires confirmation.
A specimen in male plumage, said to be from "Pernambuco" (through a certain
Mr. Craven, 1885) in the British Museum differs in various respects and does not
appear to belong to T a. polionotus. The occurrence of any member of this group
in e. Brazil is altogether unlikely. C. E. H.

8 Thamnophilus aethiops kapouni SEILERN: Male differs from T. a, polionotus in
darker, deep slaty plumage and by lacking the white apical spots to the median and
greater upper wing coverts; female hardly distinguishable by its slightly darker
rufescent brown flanks, d" (three), wing 73-76; tail 60-62; bill i7#-i8>; 9 (four),
wing 73-76; tail 56-58; bill ijyt-ig. C. E. H.

82 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Range : Central and southeastern Peru in depts. of Huanuco and
northern portion of Puno (north slope of Sierra de Carabaya) ; northern
Bolivia (San Mateo).

4: Peru (Huachipa).

Thamnophilus aethiops juruanus Jhering* JHERING'S ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus juruanus JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paulista, 6, May 1905, p. 439,
pi. 16, fig. i (c?) (Rio Jurua, w. Brazil; type in Museu Paulista examined
by C. E. H.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 339 (Rio Jurua); JHERING
and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 197 (Rio Jurua).

Thamnophilus aethiops juruanus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 340 (Rio
Jurua; Monte Verde, Rio Punis; diagn. d").

Thamnophilus iuruanus SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 15 (Monte
Verde, Rio Punis; one c? in Museu Goeldi examined by C. E. H.); idem,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 271 (Monte Verde, Rio Punis; diag. d").

Range : Western Brazil, on the banks of the rivers Jurua and Purus.

Thamnophilus aethiops punctuliger Pelzeln. b DOTTED ANT SHRIKE.
Thamnophilus punctuliger PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 77, 146 (Borba,

Rio Madeira; descr. cf, type in Vienna Museum examined); HELLMAYR,

Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 339 (crit.); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz.,

i, 1907, p. 197 (Borba); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, 1908, p. 509 (Villa

Braga, Rio Tapaj6z); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 270 (Villa Braga);

idem, Journ. Orn., 61, 1913, p. 509 (ranging east to the Xingu).
Thamnophilus aethiops punctuliger HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 339

(Calama, Allianca, Maroins, Rio Madeira), 341 (diag. cf, 9 ; Rio Madeira,

Villa Braga, Rio Tapajdz).
Thamnophilus simplex (not of SCLATER) CHAPMAN and RIKER, Auk, 8, 1891,

p. 28 (Santarem, Rio Tapaj<5z).
Thamnophilus polionotus (not of PELZELN) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907,

p. 369 (Humaytha).

Thamnophilus aethiops polionotus (err.) idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 339 (Humaytha).
Thamnophilus incertus (not of PELZELN) SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8,

1914, p. 271 (part; Villa Braga, Tapajdz; Victoria, Rio Xingu).

Range: Brazilian Amazonia, from the Rio Madeira and northern
Matto Grosso (Morinho Lyra) east to the Xingu.

Thamnophilus aethiops juruanus JHERING: Male resembles T. a. kapouni in
lacking the white apical spots to median and greater upper wing coverts, but is of
a much clearer plumbeous coloration like T. a. polionotus. Wing 75-79; tail 61-63.
Female unknown. C. E. H.

b Thamnophilus aethiops punctuliger PELZELN: Male like T. a. juruanus, with
blackish cap and clear plumbeous plumage, but with white apical spots to all the
upper wing coverts, and interscapular feathers with more or less white at their
bases, forming a small concealed light patch. Female very similar to T. a. polionotus,
but averaging lighter. d", wing 73-77; tail 57-61; 9, wing 72-76; tail 56-61.
C. E. H.

The male from Humaytha (left bank of Rio Maderia) which I had formerly
referred to polionotus, I now regard as a somewhat aberrant example of punctuliger.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 83

*Thamnophilus aethiops incertus Pelzeln* PELZELN'S ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus incertus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 78, 149 (Para,
descr. 9 ; type in Vienna Museum examined) ; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13,
1906, p. 339 (crit. ; Para), 367 (San Antonio do Prata) ; JHERING and JHERING,
Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 197 (Para); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8,
1914, p. 271 (part; Para, Mocajatuba, Providencia, Ananindeuba, S. Isabel,
S. Antonio do Prata; Rio Guama (S. Miguel], Rio Capim [Resacca], Rio
Tocantins [Arumatheua]).

Dysithamnus (eir.) incertus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 284 (Igarape'-
Assu, Para; crit.).

Thamnophilus aethiops incertus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 341 (diag.
d", 9 ; Para, Vigia, S. Antonio do Prata, Igarap6-Assu, R. Capim, R. Guama) ;
idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 42
(Peixe-Boi), 92 (Para localities).

Thamnophilus simplex SCLATER, Ibis, 1873, p. 387, pi. 15 (cf, 9) (Para; types
in British Museum examined); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1878,
P- 139 (Vigia, near Para); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 197
(Para); GOELDI, Ibis, 1903, p. 499 (Rio Capim); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith.,
55, 1907, p. 283 (Para, S. Antonio do Prata, Resacca [Rio Capim], Sta. Maria
do S. Miguel [R. Guama]).

Thamnophilus polionotus ? SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 284 (Para,
Rio Capim; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Dysithamnus plumbeus (err.) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 576
("Amazons"; spec, examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 226 (part; spec. c).

Range: Northeastern Brazil, Pard district, west to the Tocantins.
5: Brazil (Utinga, near Pard).

Thamnophilus unicolor unicolor (Sclater). b UNIFORM ANT SHRIKE.

Dysithamnus unicolor SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, 1859, p. 141 (Pallatanga, w.
Ecuador; descr. d", 9); idem, 1. c., 1860, p. 89 (Nanegal, w. Ecuador) ; idem,

In its light general coloration, it agrees with specimens from the right bank of the
Rio Madeira (Borba, Calama), but lacks the white dorsal patch, thus pointing to
juruanus. As an adult male from Morinho Lyra (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 127,552,
Roosevelt Exp.) with white tips to all the upper wing coverts also has much less
white at the base of the interscapular feathers than the type, this appears to be
rather a variable character upon which not too much stress should be laid. C. E. H.

Thamnophilus aethiops incertus PELZELN: Male differs from all other races by
its lighter slate-gray coloration, and by lacking the blackish cap as well as the white
apical spots to the upper wing coverts, only the bend of the wing being freckled with
white, besides some minor characters. Female much paler than polionotus and punctu-
liger, with sides of head and throat lighter ferruginous, and the belly of a paler
tint, varying from ochraceous to fulvous. o" , wing 68-73; tail 55-60; 9 , wing 66-
71; tail 55-61. C. E. H.

b Thamnophilus unicolor (SCLATER) is undoubtedly very nearly related to the
T. aethiops group, resembling it in structural details, but is easily distinguished in
the male sex by the uniform slate-gray coloration without any trace of white even on
the bend of wing. The female is not unlike that of T. a, polionotus, but much paler
throughout, especially on the lower parts. C. E. H.

84 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 178 (Pallatanga, Nanegal); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 225 (part; Pallatanga, Nanegal, w. Ecuador);
HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 611 (Paramba, nw. Ecuador) ; GOODFELLOW,
Ibis, 1902, p. 64 (Gualea, San Nicolas, w. Ecuador).

Thamnophilus unicolor BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1884,
p. 301 (Cayandeled, Surupata, w. Ecuador); MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. gfiogr.
Mes. Arc Mend. Equat., 9, 1911, p. B 32 (Oyacachi).

Range: Subtropical zone of western Ecuador.

"Thamnophilus unicolor grandior Hellmayr,* nom. nov. COLOMBIAN
UNIFORM ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus unicolor longicaudus CHAPMAN, b Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 86,

Aug. 1923, p. i (Barro Blanco, Antioquia, Colombia).
Dysithamnus unicolor (not of SCLATER) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,

1879, p. 525 (Santa Elena, Antioquia); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,

1890, p. 225 (part; "Bogota," Medellin, Santa Elena, Antioquia).
Thamnophilus unicolor CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 365

(San Antonio, Gallera, Cerro Munchique, Cocal, Ricaurte, Barro Blanco,

La Palma, Fusugasuga, Aguadita, Colombia).

Range: Subtropical zone of Colombia (except Santa Marta region)
and eastern Ecuador (Zamora).

3: Colombia (San Antonio 2, "Bogota" i).

^Thamnophilus schistaceus capitalis Sclater. BLACK-CAPPED ANT
SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus capitalis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 65, 214 (descr.
d", 9 ; Rio Napo, e. Ecuador; types in British Museum examined); idem,
Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 174 (Rio Napo); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou,
a, 1884, p. ii (descr. o", 9 ; no locality); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 196 (Rio Napo, Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; Iquitos, ne. Peru; spec,
examined); SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899,
p. 27 (Zamora, e. Ecuador).

Thamnophilus unicolor grandior HELLMAYR: Differs from T. u. unicolor of
w. Ecuador, by somewhat larger size, especially longer tail, and by having the
lateral rectrices more decidedly tipped with whitish. Wing 70-73 ; tail 64-67.

Birds from San Antonio and "Bogota" can fairly be distinguished by these char-
acters, but skins from S. Pablo, Prov. Tuqueres, are intermediate to T. u. unicolor,
of w. Ecuador. C. E. H.

b Not Thamnophilus longicaudus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. &L,
3, 1816, p. 315 ('TAmSrique meYidionale").

8 Thamnophilus schistaceus capitalis SCLATER: Male differs from T. s. schistaceus
of the Rio Madeira region by its darker plumbeous coloration, and by having the
crown black; female not certainly distinguishable, but generally with deeper russet
crown and slightly darker brownish buff under parts. A male from Pebas forms the
transition to hellmayri, having the black crown more restricted and narrowly edged
with slate gray. Wing (d") 64-68, (9) 64-65: tail 50-56; bill 17-18^. Twenty-
two specimens examined: i Cuembi, se. Colombia, 7 e. Ecuador, 14 Peru (north
bank of Rio Marafion). C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 85

Dysithamnus schistaceus (not of D'ORBIGNY) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1867, p. 978 (Pebas; spec, in Brit. Mus. examined); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 273
(part; Pebas); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pdrou, 2, 1884, p. 31 (part; Loretoyacu,
Pebas); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 224 (part; spec, e-h,
Iquitos; j, k, Pebas, Samiria, ne. Peru; spec, in British Museum examined);
GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 64 (Archidona, e. Ecuador; spec, in Tring
Museum examined); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris,
(gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 28 (part; Pebas).

Dysithamnus schistaceus capitalis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 63 (monogr. ;
Rio Napo, Zamora, Sarayacu, Archidona, e. Ecuador; Iquitos, Samiria,
Pebas, north bank of R. Maranon, ne. Peru).

Dysithamnus capitalis SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 276 (diag. o";
"Alto Amazonas").

Dysithamnus capitalis capitalis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
1917, p. 372 (La Morelia, Florencia, Caquetd region, se. Colombia).

Range : Upper Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia (La Morelia,
Florencia, Caqueta; Cuembi, Rio Putumayo) through eastern Ecuador
south to the north bank of the Maranon (Iquitos, Pebas, Samiria,
Loretoyacu), northeastern Peru.

i: Peru (Iquitos).

*Thamnophilus schistaceus hellmayri (Cory).* HELLMAYR'S ANT
SHRIKE.

Dysithamnus schistaceus hellmayri CORY, Field Mus. Publ., Orn. Ser., i, Aug.

1916, p. 338 (Rioja, n. Peru).
Thamnophilus schistaceus (not of D'ORBIGNY) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868,

p. 77 (Note 2), 148 (part, one o" from Maynas, Peru; spec, examined in

Vienna Museum).
Dysithamnus schistaceus (not of D'ORBIGNY) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,

1867, p. 750, 756 (Yurimaguas, Chyavetas; spec, in Brit. Museum examined);

idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 273 (part; Yurimaguas, Chyavetas); TACZANOWSKI,

Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 31 (part; descr. o* ex Chyavetas, Yurimaguas);

SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 224 (part; descr. et spec, a-c,

Chyavetas; i, Yurimaguas).
Dysithamnus schistaceus subsp. HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 62 (diag.

o", 9 ; Chyavetas, Yurimaguas, Maynas, Peru).
Dysithamnus dubius (not of BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN) HELLMAYR, 1. c., p. 63

(part; Chuchurras, Prov. Huanuco).

Range : Northern Peru, south of the Maranon, in depts. Amazonas,
Loreto and Huanuco. b

4: Peru (Rioja i, Moyobamba i; Puerto Bermudez, R. Pichis 2).

Thamnophilus schistaceus hellmayri (CORY): Similar to T. s. schistaceus, but
general coloration of male decidedly darker slate-gray, and feathers of pileum more
conspicuously centered with blackish; female averaging deeper brownish buff below.
Wing (six c^o") 64-66, (three 9 9) 64-65; tail 50-53; bill 17^-19. C. E. H.

b Two specimens from Puerto Bermudez are nearer to hellmayri than to schista-
ceus, although not quite so dark as the type, with the blackish discs to the crown

86 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus schistaceus heterogynus (Hellmayr).* TEFFE ANT
SHRIKE.

Dysithamnus schistaceus heterogynus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 61
(Teffe, Rio Solimoes, nw. Brazil); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914,
p. 227 (Teffe).

Thamnophilus schistaceus (not of D'ORBIGNY) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868,
p. 77 (Note 2), 148 (part; "ein Weibchen von Borba mit rostfarber
Unterseite," locality wrong, probably Manaqueri, R. Solimoes).

Range: Northwestern Brazil, Teff on the Rio Solimoes.

*Thamnophilus schistaceus schistaceus D'Orbigny. SLATE-COLORED
ANT SHRIKE.

Tamnophilus fuliginosus LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag.
Zool., 7, 1837, cl. 2, p. 10 (nom nud., no locality).

Thamnophilus schistaceus D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. merid., Ois., Oct. 1838,
p. 170, pi. 5, fig. i (T. fuliginosus*) (Yuracares, n. Bolivia; type in Paris
Museum examined; = <j" ad.); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 77,
148 (part; Salto do Girao, Borba, Rio Madeira; "Cochabamba" (= Yura-
cares), ex D'ORBIGNY).

Dysithamnus schistaceus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, P- 624
(Yuracares; ex D'ORBIGNY); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 439
(Rio Jurua); idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 203 (Rio Jurua; range excl.
Peru) ; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 15 (Ponto Alegre, Rio Purus 8 );
idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 276 (part; Boim, Villa Braga, left bank
of Tapaj6z; Rio Purtis); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom.
Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 28 (part; spec, a, type from Yuracares).

Dysithamnus schistaceus schistaceus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 62
(monogr.; Yuracares, San Mateo, n. Bolivia; Borba, Salto do Girao, Rio
Madeira), 370 (Humaytha, Borba); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 342 (Calama,
Marmellos; S. Isabel, Rio Preto; Maroins, Rio Machados); idem, Arch.
Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 94 (Yahuarmayo, se. Peru); idem, Nov.
Zool., 28, 1921, p. 196 (Bolivia; range, crit.).

feathers less pronounced. It is possible that a larger series may prove hettmayn to
be not properly separable from schistaceus. By their darker slate grey plumage
specimens from n. Peru undeniably form the transition to the still darker T. s. capi-
talis, from north of the Marafion. C. E. H.

Thamnophilus schistaceus heterogynus (HELLMAYR) : Male barely distinguishable
from T. s. hellmayri by slightly paler slate-gray under parts ; female immediately recog-
nizable from all races of schistaceus by having the under parts bright ochraceous,
with axillaries and quill lining ochraceous buff instead of pinkish buff, and the back
rather more rufescent brown. Wing (c? 1 ) 67, (9) 62-64^; tail 52-57; bill \i%-
i8#. C. E. H.

b The plate (which is quoted by Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny in their "Synopsis")
was probably issued much earlier than the corresponding text, and if published
prior to February 1838, the name fuliginosus will have to supplant schistaceus.

Male and female, examined by me, appear to be identical with Bolivian speci-
mens. C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 87

Dysithamnus dubius BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN," Ibis, 1894, P- 393 (La Mer-
ced, Dept. Junin, Peru; descr. cf); idem, P. Z. S. Lend., 1896, p. 381 (La
Merced); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 63 (part; La Merced).
Dysithamnus schistaceus heterogynus (not of HELLMAYR), JHERING, Cat. Faun.

Braz., I, 1907, p. 414 (Rio Jurua).
Dysithamnus capitalis (not of SCLATER) SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908,

p. 510 (Villa Braga, R. Tapaj6z; specimen examined).
Range: Central and southeastern Peru (Chanchamayo district,
Dept. Junin ; Yahuarmayo, Rio San Gaban, Sierra of Carabaya, northern
Puno); northern Bolivia (Yuracares, Rio San Mateo; Rio Espirito
Santo; San Antonio, Todos Santos, Rio Chimore', Prov. Cochabamba;
Rio Surutu, Prov. del Sara); western Brazil (Rio Purus; Rio Jurud;
Rio Madeira, down to Borba; east to the left bank of the Tapaj6z
Villa Braga, b Boim).

4: Bolivia (Rio Espirito Santo, 3): Brazil (Porto Velho, Rio
Madeira, i).

Thamnophilus schistaceus inornatus Ridgway* LX)WER AMAZONIAN
SLATY ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus inornatus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 10, "1887," publ. 1888,
p. 522 (Diamantina, near Santarem, Rio Tapaj6z; type in U. S. National
Museum examined; = cf ad.); RIKER and CHAPMAN, Auk, 8, 1891, p. 28
(Santarem).

I cannot separate a male from Chanchamayo from topotypical Bolivian
examples. Birds from Puerto Bermudez (Rio Pichis), though somewhat inter-
mediate, appear to be nearer hettmayri. More material is required for defining the
ranges of the Peruvian races of this bird. C. E. H.

b A female in the Gpeldi Museum, Para, agrees in color and size with specimens
from Bolivia and the Rio Madeira. C. E. H.

e Dysithamnus schistaceus PENARD (Vog. Guyana 2, 1910, p. 308; Auk, 36, 1919,
p. 219) and BEEBE (Trop. Wild Life i, 1917, p. 132; Bartica Grove, British Guiana)
most certainly refers to some other species.

d Thamnophilus schistaceus inornatus RIDGWAY: Averaging larger than T. s. schis-
taceus; male with feathers of pileum more or less centered with black, and under parts
slightly paler, more whitish on middle of abdomen; female paler buff below, nearly
whitish in center or belly. This is rather an unsatisfactory race, some specimens being
practically indistinguishable from typical schistaceus. However, taken as a whole,
the series of twenty specimens (the type from Diamantina; seventeen from San-
tarem in the Carnegie Museum ; the type of squamo sus from Alcobaca ; one female from
Arumatheua, Tocantins; one male from Rio Jamauchim) averages larger, with some-
what paler under parts in both sexes, and darker crown of the male, as compared to
fifty specimens of true schistaceus from n. Bolivia, s. Peru and w. Brazil (Rio
Madeira, Rio Punis).

Seven cf cf ad. from Santarem, wing 64, 64, 65, 67, 68, 68, 69; tail 51, 53, 54,
54, 55, 56, 59-

One cf ad. from R. Tocantins, wing 65 }4.

Seven 9 9 ad. from Santarem, wing 64, 64, 66, 66, 66, 68, 68; tail 55, 56, 56,
57, 58, 59, 60.

One 9 ad. from R. Tocantins, wing 64.

Nine cf cf ad. from n. Bolivia, wing 61, 62, 63, 63, 63, 63, 64, 65, 66; tail 48,

48, 52, 52, 52, 52, 53, 54 54-

Eight 9 9 ad. from n. Bolivia, wing 62, 63, 63, 63, 63, 64, 65, 65; tail 48,
5i, 5, 51, 53, 54, 54- C- E. H.

88 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Dysithamnus capitalis squamosus SNETHLAGE, Orn. Monatsber., 15, Oct. 1907,
p. 162 (Alcobaga, left bank of Tocantins; types in Museu Goeldi, Para,
examined); idem, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 531 (Arumatheua, Alcobaga,
R. Tocantins).

Dysithamnus schistaceus squamosus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 349 in
text (crit.; Tocantins); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 276 (Alco-
baja, Arumatheua, R. Tocantins).

Dysithamnus schistaceus (not of D'ORBIGNY) SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8,
1914, p. 276 (part; Porto Seguro, Rio Jamauchim, easterly affluent of Tocan-
tins; spec, examined).

Range: Lower Amazonia, south of the Amazon, from the right
bank of the Tapaj6z (Santarem; Rio Jamauchim) to the Tocantins,
northeastern Brazil.

*Thamnophilus murinus Sclater and Sahin.* MOUSE-COLORED ANT
SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus murinus (Natterer Ms.) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1867, p. 750, 756 (Xeberos, e. Peru; Cayenne; Marabitanas, Barra do Rio
Negro [ = Manaos]; Manaos accepted as type locality, cfr. BERLEPSCH and
HARTERT, 1902); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 77 (Barra do Rio Negro;
Airao, Barcellos, Marabitanas, Rio Negro; Rio Iganna, Rio Vaupe"; Cayenne);
SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 273 (Xeberos, Yurimaguas,
Chamicuros; eggs descr.); TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1882, p. 29 (Yurimaguas);
idem, Orn. Pfirou, 2, 1884, p. 12 (Xeberos, Yurimaguas, Chamicuros); SALVIN,
Ibis, 1885, p. 423 (Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Merume' Mts., Brit. Guiana);
W. SCLATER, 1. c., 1887, p. 319 (Maccasseema, Brit. Guiana); SCLATER, Cat.
B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 195 (Rio Negro; Chamicuros, Xeberos, Peru;
Oyapoc, Cayenne; Marakka, Bartica Grove, Takutu R., Camacusa, Merume',
Brit. Guiana); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 69 (Suapure,
La Pricion, La Union, Caura R., Venezuela); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul.,
6, 1906, p. 438 (Rio Jurua); idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 197 (Rio
Jurua; range); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 151 (Ipousin, Rio Approu-
ague, Oyapoc, French Guiana); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull.,
2, 1916, p. 276 (Caura River).

Dysithamnus murinus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 31 (Obidos), 371
(Humaytha, Rio Madeira); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i,
1907, p. 414; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 343 (Humaytha); SNETH-
LAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 277 (Obidos; Rio Jamunda [Far6]);
BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i, 1907, p. 132 (Bartica) ; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana,
2, 1921, p. 22 (Brit. Guiana).

Thamnophilus murinus SCLATER and SALVIN: Similar to T. s. schistaceus,
but male with brownish wings, distinct though small buffy white apical spots to the
median and greater upper wing coverts, and lighter cinereous under parts, mixed
with whitish on throat and along middle of belly. Female more whitish on abdomen
and the larger wing coverts tipped with buff.

Wing 62-66, (9) 61-65; tail 52-56; bill i6#-i8X- C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 89

Erionotus murinus BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoo}., 62, No. 2,
1918, p. 67 (Paramaribo, Surinam).

Range: Guianas; eastern Venezuela (Caura Valley); Amazonia
(Obidos and Faro, north bank; Rio Negro; Rio Madeira, Rio Jurua);
northern and eastern Peru, south to Huanuco (Chuchurras, Rio Pozuzo).

i : British Guiana (Mazaruni River).

Thamnophilus aroyae (Hellmayr).* INAMBARI VALLEY ANT SHRIKE.

Dysithamnus aroyae HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, Feb. 1914, p. 52 (La
Aroya ( = Oroya), Inambari Valley, Marcapata district, se. Peru; descr.
o" ad.).

Range: Southeastern Peru (La Oroya, Inambari Valley, on the
boundary of the depts. of Cuzco and Puno) and Bolivia (Yungas of
Cochabamba). b

Thamnophilus punctatus gorgonae Thayer and Bangs. GORGONA
ISLAND ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus gorgonae THAYER and BANGS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, No. 5,
June 1905, p. 95 (Gorgona Isl. off west coast of Colombia; types in Mus.
Comp. Zool., Cambridge, examined).

Thamnophilus aroyae (HELLMAYR) : Adult male. Upper parts very dark slate gray,
inclining to blackish on the crown and occiput, the forehead being slaty with indis-
tinct darker shaft lines. Wing coverts black, with large white apical spots; remiges
and rectrices blackish, edged with slate gray, and the latter broadly tipped with
white, these tips being narrower on the inner ones and barely perceptible on the
middle pair. Sides of head and lower parts dark slate gray like the back. Axillaries
somewhat paler gray, inner web of quills broadly edged with white; under tail coverts
with narrow white apical margin?. Wing 67; tail 55; bill 17%. Female unknown.

This species has no very near ally. In general coloration, it recalls Dysithamnus
ardesiacus, but has large, rounded white apical spots on the upper wing coverts,
and the lateral rectrices much more broadly tipped with white. In structure,- it
nearly agrees with T. murinus. C. E. H.

b An adult male obtained by L. E. Miller, at an altitude of 3,600 feet, in the
Yungas of Cochabamba, on June 3, 1915, and pieserved in the collection of the
American Museum of Natural History, differs from the type by having a small white
marginal spot on the outer web of the outermost rectrix, and some white at the
base of a few interscapular feathers. Wing 65; tail 53; bill 17. C. E. H.

Thamnophilus punctatus gorgonae THAYER and BANGS: Resembles T. p. atri-
nucha in large size of bill, and in the male having the temporal region mottled with
blackish, and the middle of the back strongly mixed with black; but the forehead is
more extensively gray, the sides of the head are lighter slate gray, and the under parts
much paler cinereous (passing into whitish gray on throat and middle of belly), even
lighter than in T. p. punctatus. The female differs from T. p. atrinucha by much darker
under parts, ranging from ochraceous brown to raw sienna; decidedly more rufous
brown back, and much darker, deep russet brown (instead of mars brown) crown. Wing
(eight d"o*) 69-73, (eight 9 9) 69-71; tail (o") 58-62, (9) 57-61; bill, 19-21. The
race appears to me perfectly distinct from T. p. atrinucha. Only one out of eight
males has the under parts so dark cinereous as the average of atrinucha, and three
only have, like this race, the forehead mainly black with slate gray edges, while in all
the remaining examples the forehead is clear slate gray, at least as far back as the
middle of the eye, thus more nearly resembling certain gray-fronted males of T. p.

go FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Erionotus punctatus gorgonae RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 52
(Gorgona Isl.).

Range: Gorgona Island, on the west coast of Colombia.

"Thamnophilus punctatus atrinucha Salvin and Godman. SLATY
ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus atrinucha SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2,
1892, p. 200 (Central America; Panama designated as type locality, auct.
HELLMAYR, 1911); SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362,
1899, p. 27 (Rio Peripa, Vinces, w. Ecuador); idem, 1. c., 15, No. 399, 1900,
p. 7 (Laguna del Pita, Panama).

Thamnophilus naevius (not of GMELIN) CASSIN, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1860,
p. 188 (Rio Truando); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 278 (Babahoyo),
294 (Esmeraldas) ; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 173 (part; Esmer-
aldas) ; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 524 (Neche, lower Cauca) ;
BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1883, p. 564 (Chimbo); TACZANOWSKI,
Orn. P6rou, 2 1884, p. 9 (part; o* ad. Palmal,s w. Ecuador; w. Ecuador);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 197 (part; spec, a-m, Honduras,
Costa Rica, Panama; u-y, Esmeraldas, Balzar, Sta Rita, Chimbo, w. Ecuador).

Thamnophilus naevius atrinucha HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss.,
22, No. 3, 1906, p. 659 (part.: excl. Sta Marta and Bogota); idem, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1911, p. 1158 (San Joaquim, Noanama, Sipi, Novita, w. Colombia).

Thamnophilus punctatus atrinucha CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
1917, P- 366 (part; Alto Bonito, Dabeiba, Rio Sucio; Bagado, Baudo, Novita,
Novita Trail, Juntas de Tamana, Noanama, S. Jose, Barbacoas, w. Col-
ombia; La Frijolera, near Puerto Valdivia, lower Cauca); HARTERT and
GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 23, 1917, p. 496, 497 (crit.; Jimenez, w. Colombia);
BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, No. 6, 1922, p. 206
(Mt. Sap6, Rio Esnap6, Jesusito, Darien).

Erionotus punctatus atrinucha RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,
p. 49 (monogr., full synonomy ; excl. Bucaramanga, Bogota and Santa Marta) ;
STONE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, 1918, p. 260 (Gatun, Panama).

Erionotus punctatus magnirostris DOMANIEWSKI and STOLZMANN,* Discipl. Biol.
Arch. Soc. Scient. Varsov., i, No. 8, 1922, p. (Sep. p. i) (Palmal, sw. Ecua-
dor; one c? ).

Range: Central America, from Honduras southward to Panama
and along the Pacific coast of Colombia and Ecuador south to Chimbo

punctalus. The female is very much darker, only two specimens from Panama ap-
proaching it in the deep coloration of the lower parts. As correctly pointed out by
Outram Bangs, it bears a striking likeness to the female of T. p. ambtguus, but may
be immediately recognized by its much larger bill and less rufous crown. C. E. H.

I am unable to distinguish ten Ecuadorian skins, including two from Chimbo,
which may be considered as topotypes of magnirostris, from a very large series
(more than sixty) from w. Colombia and Central America. The large bill upon which
Messrs. Domaniewski and Stolzmann lay so much stress, is just one of the princi-
pal characteristics of atrinucha. C. E. H.

iQ24- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 91

and Palmal, Prov. of Guayas; also found in a slightly modified form on
the lower Cauca (Neche, La Frijolera), northwestern Colombia."

14: Nicaragua (San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua) 5; Costa Rica (Orosi i,
Siguirres 6); Colombia (Dabeiba i, Puerto Valdivia i); western Ecua-
dor (Chimbo) i.

*Thamnophilus punctatus subcinereus (Todd).* SANTA MARTA ANT
SHRIKE.

Erionotus punctatus subcinereus TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, Apr. 1915,
p. 80 (Don Diego, Santa Marta district).

Thamnophilus naevius (not of GMELIN) SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1880, p. 171
(Minca, Santa Marta); BERLEPSCH, Journ. Ornith., 32, 1884, p. 307 (Bucara-
manga); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 197 (part; spec, n, o,
Minca, Santa Marta); BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, 1898, p. 138 (Santa
Marta); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13, 1900, p. 161 (Bonda,
Minca, Cacagualito, Onaca, Santa Marta district).

Thamnophilus punctatus atrinucha (not of SALVIN and GODMAN) CHAPMAN,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 366 (part; Malena, Honda, Chi-
coral, Magdalena Valley; crit.).

Thamnophilus albiventris (not of TACZANOWSKI), HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. KL
Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 659 (part; descr. d", 9 from
"Bogota"); HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, 1917, p. 496 (diag.;
"w. Colombia, Bogota").

Erionotus punctatus atrinucha RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,
p. 49 (part; Bucaramanga, Santa Marta).

Erionotus punctatus gorgonac (not of THAYER and BANGS) TODD and CARRIKER,
Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922, p. 312 (Bonda, Buritaca, Onaca, Don Diego,
La Tigrera, Agua Duke, Las Vegas, Minca, Fundaci6n, Loma Larga, Santa
Marta district).

Range: Northern Colombia (Santa Marta region, and Magdalena
Valley, as far south as Honda; also found in trade collections from
"Bogotd") and northwestern Venezuela, in heavily forested region
southwest of Lake Maracaibo, State of Zulia (Orope).

4: Venezuela (Orope, Zulia).

Ten specimens from the lower Cauca (Puerto Valdivia) are difficult to allo-
cate. The males agree in every respect with atrinucha. The females are exceedingly
variable, two being indistinguishable from the palest examples in the series of
atrinucha from Panama and Pacific Colombia, while two others cannot be separ-
ated from the lightest colored extreme of subcinereus (from Honda and Santa Marta).
Taken as a whole, the series seems, however, best referred to atrinucha, although
some formula might perhaps convey a more correct idea of their intermediate
position. C. E. H.

b Thamnophilus punctatus subcinereus (Tooo) : Male very similar to that of T. p.
gorgonae, especially in the light cinereous under parts, but with much less slate *ray
on the forehead, this part being, as in T. p. atrinucha, mostly nlack, narrowly edged
with gray. Female exceedingly vai iable in coloration of under parts, the darkest speci-
mens being deep ochraceous like the lightest extreme of gorgonae, the palest being

92 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

*Thamnophilus punctatus punctatus (Shaw).* SPOTTED ANT SHRIKE.

Lanius naevius (not of GMELIN, 1. c., p. 304) GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, (i), 1788,
p. 308 (based on "Spotted Shrike", Latham, Gen. Syn. Birds, i (i), p. 190,
Cayenne; descr. o"); LEACH, Zool. Misc., i, 1814, p. 40, pi. 17 (figure of
type in Brit. Museum).

Lanius punctatus SHAW, Gen. Zool., Aves, 7, (2), 1809, p. 327 (based on "Le
Tachet" Lavaillant, Ois. d'Afr., 2, p. 113, pi. 77, fig. i ( = cf): Cayenne).

Thamnophilus atrocapittus HAHN, Vogel Asien etc., Lief. 15, 1826, pi. 4 (no
locality given).

Thamnophilus Janii FILIPPI, Mus. Mediolan., Aves, 1847, p. 13, 32 ("in Bra-
silia?"); SALVADORI, Atti Ace. Sci. Torino, 3, 1868, p. 274 (crit.; =Tham-
nophilus naevius [ = punctatus] 9).

Thamnophilus naevius SCHOMBURGK, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 2, 1848, p. 491 (Sand-
hills on the Demerara); CABANIS, 1. c., 3, 1848, p. 687 (Coast of Brit. Guiana
and vicinity of Roraima); SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ., (n. s.), I,
1855, p. 243 (part; descr. o", 9, et. hab. Cayenne, Brit. Guiana); idem.
P. Z. S. Lond., 1858, p. 213 (part; Cayenne, Brit. Guiana); idem, Cat. Coll.
Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 173 (part; o" Cayenne, 9 Orinoco); TACZANOWSKI,
Orn. Peiou, 2, 1884, p. 8 (part; descr. o", 9 ex Cayenne); SALVIN, Ibis,
1885, p. 423 (Roraima); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 197 (part;
spec, z-h 1 , Orinoco, Roraima, Quonja, Brit. Guiana; Cayenne); RIKER and
CHAPMAN, Auk, 8, 1891, p. 28 (Diamantina, near Santarem); BERLEPSCH
and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 69 (Altagracia, Munduapo, Nericagua,
Rio Catanapa, R. Orinoco; La Pricion, La Union, Suapure, Caura River);
MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, 1904, p. 174 (Ouanary, Mahury, French
Guiana) ; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 283 (Maraj6, Monte Alegre) ;
BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 152 (Cayenne, Rio Approuague, Roche-
Marie), 319 (Ouanary, Mahury, French Guiana); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 271 (Cametd, R. Tocantins; Boim, R. Tapaj6z; Santa
Anna, Maraj6; Rio Jary (S. Antonio do Cachoeira), Monte Alegre; Rio
Maecuru (Cachoeira Muira); Obidos; Rio Jamundd [Far6]).

Thamnophilus naevius naevius HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss.,
22, No. 3, 1906, p. 659 (diag. d", 9 ; Cayenne, Brit. Guiana; Roraima,
Annai, Quonja; Orinoco, Caura rivers; Guanoco, Orinoco delta).

clear creamy buff like the average of typical punctatus, while one or two are hardly
distinguishable from the general run of atrinucha; the upper parts are about as in
atrinucha, although a few examples, by the more rufous brown back and deeper
russet crown closely approach gorgonae. Males from Honda and Malena, Magda-
lena R., and several "Bogota" skins are practically identical with those from Santa
Marta, and three females from Honda cannot be separated from pale-bellied Santa
Marta examples either. A single male from Orope, Venezuela, resembles dark
bellied males, while a female is similar to the average from the type locality. Wing
(o*) 68-74, (?) 66-71; tail (o") 55-60, (9) 55-59; bill 18^-20. Forty-two speci-
mens examined. C. E. H.

a On comparing eighteen specimens, including the type from Manaos, Itacoa-
tiara and the Rio Branco with thirty-nine punctatus from French and British Guiana
(16), Orinoco-Caura region (10) and the Paria Peninsula, Venezuela (13), I am
unable to find any constant character for distinguishing cinereinucha even as a race.
The males are absolutely identical in coloration, and only three out of seven females are
slightly paler, less buffy brownish on the chest than a large series from French and

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 93

Thamnophilus punctatus STONE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, 1913, p. 202
(Cariaquito, Paria Peninsula).

Thamnophilus punctatus punctatus HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24,
1917, P- 496, 497 (crit.).

Erionotus punctatus CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 17 (British Guiana).

Erionotus punctatus punctatus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,
p. 49 (diag.); BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoo]., 62, 1918, p. 66
(Paramaribo, Lelydorp, Surinam); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2,
1916, p. 276 (from Altagracia upwards, R. Orinoco; La Pricion, La Union,
Suapure, Caura).

Thamnophilus ambiguus (not of SWAINSON) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 67,
Note 2 (part; 9 ex Cayenne, examined by C. E. H.); RIKER and CHAPMAN,
Auk, 8, 1891, p. 28 (one 9, Diamantina, R. Tapaj6z).

Thamnophilus cinereinucha PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 77, 145 (Barra do
Rio Negro [ = Manaos] [type]; Serra Carauman, Rio Branco; spec, in Vienna
Museum examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 198 (Rio Negro); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22,
No. 3, 1906, p. 659 (crit.; diag. o", 9, Barra do Rio Negro, Serra Carau-
man); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 271 (Rio Negro).

Erionotus insignis (not of SALVIN and GODMAN) CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst.,
Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 272 (Cristobal Colon, Paria Peninsula, Venezuela).

Range : French, Dutch and British Guiana ; Venezuela (Paria Penin-
sula;* the Orinoco Valley from the delta up to Munduapo, and on its
tributary, the Caura River) ; northern Brazil, on the north bank of the
Amazon from Marajo to Manaos; Rio Branco; south of the Amazon
only known from the lower Tocantins (Cameta) and Tapaj6z (San-
tarem, Boim). b

British Guiana. The bill possibly averages slightly smaller, though only two males
from Manaos and a pair from the Rio Branco have actually smaller bills, while one
male from Itacoatiara has it fully as large as the largest billed example of punctatus.

MEASUREMENTS

WING TAIL BILL

Seven d" o" from French Guiana 67-70 53-57 i6>-i8

Nine 0*0* from Paria Peninsula, Venezuela 67-71 53-57,62 (once) 17-18^
Four o" o* from Manaos 67-68 53-56 i5>i, 16^,17, 17

One o* from Itacoatiara 68 58 17^

Five o" o" from Rio Branco 66-69 54-58 15,17,17,17.17^

Seven 9 9 from French Guiana 66-71 52-58 i6%-i8

Three 9 9 from Paria Peninsula 67,69,71 53,55,58 16^,17,18

Two 9 9 from Manaos 65,67 54,55 I7,i7

One 9 from Itacoatiara 66tf 54 i6K

Four 9 9 from Rio Branco 66,66,68,68 56,56,57 16,17,17

C. E. H.

Thirteen specimens from Cristobal Colon in the American Museum of Natural
History collection agree in every respect with a series from French Guiana. They
were erroneously recorded by G. K. Cherrie as Erionotus insignis. C. E. H.

b The range of T. p. punctatus probably extends much further south than given
above. The American Museum of Natural History possesses an adult female obtained
by Geo. K. Cherrie on January 31, 1914, at Utiarity, near Salto Bello, alt. 1,500-
2,500 feet, Papagaio River, n. Matto Grosso, which appears to belong here. On the
under parts it is an exact duplicate of some Cayenne females, notably No. 56,013, Car-
negie Museum; but it differs from any other specimen of punctatus examined by
the writer, by its brighter, more russet brown back. C. E. H.

94 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

14: British Guiana (Hyde Park, Demerara River) i; northern Brazil
(Manaos, 2; Itacoatiara, 2; Conceicao, Rio Branco, 4; Serra da Lua,
near Boa Vista, Rio Branco, 3; Serra Grande, Rio Branco, 2) 13.

"Thamnophilus punctatus interpositus Hartert and Goodson.* INTER-
MEDIATE ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus punctatus interpositus HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24,
Dec. 1917, p. 496 ("Bogota" collections).

Thamnophilus naevius (not of GMELIN) SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ., (n. s.),
I, 1855, p. 242 (part; "Bogota"); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1855, p. 148 (Bogota);
idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 213 (part; Bogotd); BERLEPSCH, Zeit. ges. Orn., 4,
1887, p. 185 (Bogota; spec, examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 198 (part; spec, q-s, "Colombia" = Bogota).

Thamnophilus punctatus punctatus (not of Shaw) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 366 (Barrigon, e. of Villavicencio, Rio Meta, e. Col-
ombia; spec, examined).

Range: East slope of eastern Andes, Colombia.
i: Colombia (Bogotd).

Thamnophilus punctatus leucogaster Hellmayr* nom. nov. WHITE-
BELLIED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus naevius albiventris (not Thamnophilus albiventerSpix., i82s)TACZAN-

OWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 9 (Guajango, R. Maranon, n. Peru; descr. o" ad.).
Thamnophilus albiventris HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22,

No. 3, 1906, p. 659 (part; Guajango; ? upper Ucayali).
Erionotus albiventris BANGS and NOBLE, Auk, 35, 1918, p. 452 (Perico, near

Bellavista, R. Marafion).
Thamnophilus naevius (not of GMELIN) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879,

p. 232 (Guajango); (?) SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1866, p. 185, 1873, p. 273

(upper Ucayali).

Range : Northern Peru, on the upper Maranon (Guajango, Perico) ;
probably also on the upper Ucayali.

Thamnophilus punctatus interpositus HARTERT and GOODSON: Agreeing in small
bill and general coloration of both sexes with T. p. punctatus, but male with under
parts deep slate gray as in T. p. atrinucha, female differing from that of punctatus
only by slightly darker, more buffy under parts. Three males and one female from
"Bogotd" and a pair from e. Barrigon, Colombia, obviously pertain to this recently
discriminated race which hardly deserves recognition. Wing ( d* ) 66-68, ( 9 ) 66-68 ;
tail, 53-57; bill, 17-18. C. E. H.

b Thamnophilus punctatus leucogaster HELLMAYR: This perfectly distinct form
is most nearly related to T. p. punctatus, agreeing with it in relatively small, slender
bill, but differs in the male sex by having the entire middle of the belly pure white,
strongly contrasted with the decidedly paler cinereous color of the throat, chest and
sides, and the under tail coverts white, crossed only by a few narrow gray bars;
the crown feathers are more or less spotted with white near the base (traces of which
are to be found in a male of punctatus from Serra Grande, Rio Branco). The female
also is easily distinguishable by the pure white (instead of buff) throat and middle
of the belly, less extensive and paler buffy brown zone across chest and along sides,

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS CORY. 95

Thamnophilus punctatus sticturus Pelzeln.* PELZELN'S SPOTTED-
TAILED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus sticturus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 76, 144 (descr.
cf, 9 from Engenho do Gama, w. Matto Grosso; types in Vienna Museum
examined); SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 15, No. 378, 1900, p. 9 (Urucum,
Corutnba, sw. Matto Grosso; specimens examined).

Thamnophilus ambiguus sticturus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 66 (part;
Engenho do Gama, Corumba, Urucum, w. Matto Grosso); JHERING, Cat.
Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 199 (part; w. Matto Grosso).

Thamnophilus naevius (not of GMELIN) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av.,
i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, 1837, p. 10 (Chiquitos); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r.
me'rid., Ois., 1838, p. 170 (San Miguel, Concepcion, Santa Ana, Chiquitos,
e. Bolivia; d", 9 in Paris Museum examined) ; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1879, p. 623 (ex D'ORBIGNY).

Thamnophilus caerulescens (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ.,
(n. s.), i, 1855, p. 244 (part; Chiquitos, Bolivia; ex D'ORBIGNY).

chiefly white under tail coverts, and more rufescent back. Wing (three d* o" ad.)
67^-69, (three 99) 68-70; tail 54-57; bill 16-17. Seven specimens from Bellavista
and Perico, R. Maranon, examined. -C. E. H.

Thamnophilus punctatus sticturus PELZELN: Male differs from T. p. kucogaster
of n. Peru by smaller bill and by not only the outermost, but also the second and
third rectrix (from without) being marked with a distinct white marginal stripe in
the middle of the outer web; under surface very similar, but the cinereous color of
throat and chest slightly paler, and less strongly contrasted with the white abdom-
inal area; gray of back slightly lighter. Female similar to that of T. p. leucogaster in
having the middle of the belly extensively white, but immediately recognizable by
the bright ochraceous (instead of buffy brownish) chest and sides, deep buff (instead
of mainly white) under tail coverts, much lighter cinnamon-rufous crown, and
much brighter, more cinnamomeous back. It was not until recently that I had an
opportunity of comparing a sufficient series from western Matto Grosso (14), including
Pelzeln's types, with a satisfactory number of topotypical examples of T. hetero-
cercus (17) from e. Bolivia. The careful study of this material for the use of which I
am under great obligations to the authorities of the American Museum of Natural
History, New York City, and the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, reveals the iden-
tity of the two "species," the markings of the tail in the males and the coloration of
the female being nearly the same in the two series. In all of the Bolivian, and in
five males from Urucum, only the three outer tail feathers have a white marginal
stripe on the outer web ; in two others from Urucum, and one (in first annual plumage)
from Engenho do Gama there is also a narrow streak on the fourth rectrix (from
without), and in the type of sticturus from Eng. do Gama, as well as in one male from
Urucum, this is even faintly indicated on the two median pairs of rectrices. In col-
oration of under parts, both sexes from Bolivia are practically identical with those
from w. Matto Grosso.

MEASUREMENTS

WING TAIL BILL

Two 0*0" from Engenho do Gama, w. Matto Grosso 63,68 53,54 16
Eight o"c? from Urucum, sw. Matto Grosso 64(once), 67-70 50,52-56 15-17

Eight o" o" from e. Bolivia 68-70 52-58 15-17

One 9 from Engenho do Gama, w. Matto Grosso 65 54 17

Six 9 9 from Urucum, sw. Matto Grosso 64-67^ 52-54

Eleven 9 9 from e. Bolivia 65-68 52-57
E. H.

96 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

(?) Thamnophilus stictocephalus PELZELN," Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 77, 146
(SSo Vicente, w. Matto Grosso; type in Vienna Museum examined).

Thamnophilus heterocercus BERLEPSCH, Ornis, 14, Feb. 1907, p. 367 (Santa Cruz,
e. Bolivia; types in Berlepsch Collection examined); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool.,
28, 1921, p. 126 (crit.; Chiquitos and Puerto Suarez, e. Bolivia).

Range: Southwestern Brazil, in western Matto Grosso on the head-
waters of the Rio Paraguay (Corumbd, Urucum) and Rio Guapore
(Engenho do Gama), and eastern Bolivia (Puerto Suarez, 15 km. west
of Corumbd, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Monte de Basilico, Cercado de
Santa Cruz, Rio Mapaiso, Dept. Santa Cruz; Buenavista, Rio Surutu,
Prov. del Sara; Guanacos, Prov. del Cordillera).

Thamnophilus punctatus pelzelni Hellmayr, subsp. nov. b EASTERN
SPOTTED-TAILED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus sticturus (not of PELZELN) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 76,
144 (part; "var." from Goyaz).

Thamnophilus ambiguus sticturus (not of PELZELN) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15,
1908, p. 66 (Goyaz, Faz. Esperanca, Rio Araguaya, Prov. Goyaz; crit.),
67 (part; Sao Paulo, Chapada, e. Matto Grosso, Goyaz).

Thamnophilus ambiguus (not of SWAINSON) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 201 (part; Chapada); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5, 1893,
p. 115 (Chapada, Matto Grosso); JEERING, Rev. Mus. Paul,. 5, 1902, p. 274
(Rincao, Jaboticabal, n. Sao Paulo); idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 199
(part; Avanhandava, Bebedouro, Rincao, Itapura, Bauru, Jaboticabal;
spec, examined) ; REISER, Denkschr. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76,
1910, p. 65 (Santa Rita, nw. Bahia; Parnagua, Lake of Missao, s. Piauhy;
spec, examined).

Range: Interior of Brazil (central table land), from eastern Matto
Grosso (plateau of Chapada) and northern Sao Paulo (Tiete"-Parana
district), through State of Goyaz east to western and central Bahia

The type of T. stictocephalus PELZELN is almost certainly an individual variant
of T.\p. sticturus, from which it only differs by having the under parts decidedly
darker gray, with very little whitish admixture along the middle line of the abdomen,
and by the feathers of the crown being spotted with white near their base. This latter
character, which reminds of T. p. leucogaster, is most probably individual, and the
darker gray under surface does not appear to be of great importance either, since
one of the males from Urucum comes veiy near in that respect. The outer tail feathers
are undeveloped in the sheaths, the two median pairs (the only ones full-grown) are
uniform black, edged with white at the tip, exactly as in the majority of sticturus.
Wing 67; tail 54. It is well to remember that the type locality, Sao Vicente, is
only a few miles from Engenho do Gama, the terra typica of sticturus. C. E. H.

b Thamnophilus punctatus pelzelni HELLMAYR, subsp. nov.

Type in collection of Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York, No. 33,937, cf ad.
Abrilongo, near Chapada, e. Matto Grosso, Feb. 21, 1885, H. H. Smith Coll.

Characters. Male similar to T. p. sticturus of w. Matto Grosso (upper Paraguay
and Guapor Rivers), but with more white in the tail; the rectrices, at least the three
median pairs, having also on the inner web a distinct white marginal stripe, while
the corresponding stripe of the outer web is always well marked on all the rectrices.
Female with ochraceous color below deeper and more extensive, sometimes covering

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 97

(Macaco Secco, near Andarahy), Ceara, Piauhy and Maranhao
(Miritiba).

8: Matto Grosso (Chapada 3, Abrilongo i) 4, Ceara Qua, near Iguatu)
3, central Bahia (Macaco Secco, near Andarahy) i.

*Thamnophilus punctatus ambiguus Swainson.* SWAINSON'S SPOTTED-
TAILED ANT SHRIKE.

[Thamnophilus naevius] var. a? T. ambiguus SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 2, No. 5,
April 1825, p. 91 (descr. o* ad.; "two birds brought to England from Minas
Geraes by Dr. Such . . ."; as type locality we have to consider the vicinity
of Campos, on the confines of the states Minas and Rio de Janeiro, se. Brazil).

[Thamnophilus naevius} var. b. T. pUeatus idem, 1. c., p. 91 (Catinga woods of
Bahia; descr. of c? 1 in first annual plumage).

Thamnophilus ferrugineus idem, 1. c., p. 92 (Catinga woods of Bahia; =9).

Thamnophilus nigricans WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1006 (se.
Brazil, no locality specified); BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856,
p. 96 (se. Brazil); EULER, Journ. Ornith., 15, 1867, p. 194, 402 (breeding
habits).

Lanius alveolus (Cuvier Ms.) PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855, p. 329
(Brazil; type in Paris Museum examined; = d" juv.).

Thamnophilus naevius (not of GMELIN) VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat.,
nouv. 6d., 3, 1816, p. 316 ("Br6sil"; = d" ad.); LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag.
Zool., (2nd ser.), 5, 1853, p. 338 (ex VIEILLOT).

Thamnophilus pileatus SCLATER, Edinb. New Philos. Journ., (n. s.), I, 1855,
p. 245 (Bahia; ex SWAINSON).

Thamnophilus ambiguus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 213 (se. Brazil);
PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 76 (Sapitiba, Registo do Sai, Rio de Janeiro);

the entire lower parts with exception of throat, and without the pure white abdominal
area, the middle of the belly being but slightly paler buffy than the rest.

Wing (<?) 67-71, (9) 65-71 ; tail 55-61 ; bill 15-17.

Remarks. The male of this form which I formerly had misidentified as sticturus,
agrees with it in the pale cinereous color below, passing into an extensive white area
on the abdomen, and resembles it also in the small, slender bill, but may be easily
recognized by the greater amount of white on the tail feathers. Only one from
Chapada does not differ in the tail markings from sticturus of w. Matto Grosso.
Birds from Ceara, Piauhy, Maranhao (Miritiba) and Santa Rita, Rio Preto (nw.
Bahia) agree perfectly with those from Goyaz, Chapada and Sao Paulo (Rincao,
S. Jeronymo, Jaboticabal, Itapura), and a male from near Andarahy, c. Bahia, is
likewise an extreme example of pelzelni, showing not the slightest approach to
ambiguus of the coast region of Bahia. Examined: 29 Chapada; 15 Goyaz; 5 n.
S. Paulo; 4 Piauhy; 2 Santa Rita, Bahia; i Macacco Secco, Bahia; 3 Ceara; 2 Mar-
anhao. C. E. H.

Thamnophilus punctatus ambiguus SWAINSON: Male differs from T. p. pelzelni
and T. p. sticturus by much darker slate gray under parts, with but little whitish
suffusion along abdominal line, and by all the rectrices being marked on either web
with a veiy distinct white marginal stripe; female with under parts much darker and
duller, deep brownish buff, without any white in the middle, and more like T. p. punc-
tatus, but decidedly darker; bill larger and stouter. Wing (d") 68-74, (9) 68-71;
tail (c?) 55-62, (9) 58-61; bill, 17-18. Seventeen specimens, eight from Rio, nine
from Bahia examined. C. E. H.

98 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., a, 1889, p. 248 (notes on types of
T. nigricans WIED); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 201 (part;
Bahia, Rio de Janeiro); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Canta-
gallo); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 660
(diag. d", 9 ; e. Brazil, from Bahia to Rio; excl. S. Paulo); JHERING and
JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 199 (part; Bahia; Porto Cachoeiro, Esp.
Santo).

Thamnophilus ambiguus ambiguus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 67 (Bahia,
Rio de Janeiro, s. "Minas Geraes" [ex Such]); LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., xa,
(2), 1920, p. 98 (s. Bahia).

Erionotus ambigutts CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., aa, 1874, p. 86 (Cantagallo).

Range: Coast region of southeastern Brazil, from the environs of
the City of Bahia to Rio de Janeiro.

3: Bahia (S. Amaro).

Thamnophilus cinereiceps Pelzeln. GRAY-CAPPED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus cinereiceps PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 77, 145 (Mara-
bitanas, upper Rio Negro [types]; Rio Vaup6, nw. Brazil; types in Vienna
Museum examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 201 ("Oyapoc,
Cayenne"'); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 70 (Maipures,
Munduapo, Perico, Mataben, upper Orinoco, Venezuela); HELLMAYR,
Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 658 (Marabitanas,
Rio Negro, Maipures, Orinoco; crit.); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun.
Braz., i, 1907, p. 199 (Rio Negro, Venezuela); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15,
1908, p. 152 ("Oyapoc, Cayenne," [*] ex SCLATER); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 272 (Rio Negro; "Guayana").

Erionotus cinereiceps CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 276
(from the Falls of Atures upwards; Boca de Sina, Rio Cununcunuma, upper
Orinoco).

Range: Venezuela, on the upper Orinoco, from the Falls of Atures
southward, and on the adjoining stretches of the Rio Negro (near
Marabitanas) and its affluent, the Rio Vaupe", in northwestern Brazil."

Thamnophilus amazonicus Sclater. AMAZONIAN ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus amazonicus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., a6, 1858, p. 214, pi. 139,
fig. i, 2 (types from "Upper Amazons [Bates]" =Rio Javarri; Brit. Guiana
[ex Schomburgk]) ; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 174 (types from
"Upper Amazons"); SCLATER and SAL YIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 185

The locality "Oyapoc, Cayenne" is without doubt erroneous. The four speci-
mens in the British Museum were purchased from a dealer and have no original
labels. A female in the Paris Museum secured by Geay at Saint Georges d'Oyapoc, as
well as two others taken by E. Le Moult near Saint- Jean-du-Maroni, French Guiana,
and preserved in the Munich Museum, pertain to T. amazonicus or a slightly differ-
entiated race of it.

T. cinereiceps most probably is merely a geographical representative of T. ama-
zonicus. C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS CORY. 99

(upper Ucayali); idem, 1. c., 1867, p. 575 (Pard, Capim River); idem, 1. c.,
1873, p. 273 (upper Ucayali); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 77 (Borba,
Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira; Villa Maria ( = San Luis de Caceres), Engenho
do Gama, w. Matto Grosso; spec, in Vienna Museum examined); LA YARD,
Ibis, 1873, p. 386 (Para); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 10 (upper
Ucayali; Loretoyacu, R. Maranon, e. Peru); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
IS, 1890, p. 199 (Rio Capim, Pard; Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Rio Takutu,
Brit. Guiana; Oyapoc); GOELDI, Ibis, 1903, p. 499 (Rio Capim); HELLMAYR,
Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 366 (S. Antonio do Prata, Pard); idem, Abhandl.
Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 2. Kl., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 658 (Borba, Engenho do Gama,
Pard); idem, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 370 (Borba, Rio Madeira); JHERING
and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Brazil., i, 1907, p. 198 (Santarem) ; SNETHLAGE,
Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 43 (Pard, S. Antonio, Ourem, R. Acard); idem,
1. c., 56, 1908, p. 510 (Bella Vista, R. Tapaj6z), 531 (Arumatheua, R. Tocan-
tins); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 152 (Ipousin, Rio Approuague;
Rio Tigr6, ne. Peru; "Bogota"), 319 (St. Georges d'Oyapock, Ouanary);
HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 341 (S. Isabel, Rio Preto; Calama, Rio
Madeira; Maroins, Rio Machados); idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr.
Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 43 (Ipitinga, Peixe-Boi), 92 (Pard localities);
SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 272 (Pard, Ananindeua, Benevides,
Maguary, Apehu, S. Isabel, Peixe-Boi, Quati-puru, S. Antonio do Prata;
Rio Guamd (S. Maria do S. Miguel, Ourem); R. Capim (Aproaga), R. Acard,
R. Tocantins (MazagSo, Baiao, Arumatheua), R. Iriri (Bocca do Curud),
R. Tapaj6z (Bella Vista, Villa Braga), Rio Jamauchim (Tucunar6), Rio
Purtis (Bom Lugar); R. Jary (S. Antonio da Cachoeira); BEEBE, Trop.
Wild Life, i, 1917, p. 132 (Bartica); PENARD, Auk, 36, 1919, p. 219 (Brit.
Guiana).

Erionotus amazonicus CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 18 (numerous
localities in British Guiana).

Thamnophilus (ruficollis) (not of SPIX [?]) ( a ) CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit.
Guiana, 3, 1848, p. 687 (coastal forests of British Guiana); SCLATER, Edinb.
New Philos. Journ., (n. s.), i, 1855, p. 247 (Chamicuros, e. Peru; descr. 9);
SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 423 (Bartica Grove, Camacusa); SNETHLAGE, Journ.
Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 15 (Bom Lugar, R. Purus).

Thamnophilus [ruficollis ?] ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 94 ("Yun-
gas," Boh' via).

Thamnopkilus naevius (not of GMELIN) SCLATER, Edinb. New Philos. Journ., (n.s.),
* 1855, p. 242 (part; Pard).

Thamnophilus ambiguus (not of SWAINSON) MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10,
1904, p. 174 (St. Georges d'Oyapock, Ouanary, French Guiana; spec, in Paris
Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Amazonia, from Maranhao and Pard to eastern Peru, b

Thamnophilus ruficollis SPIX (Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 27, pi. 37, fig. i [= 9], no
locality given ; type lost, formerly in Munich Museum) may refer to either T. ama-
tonicus or T. cinerciceps; see HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22,
No. 3, 1906, p. 657.

b Probably extending north to some part of e. Colombia, since there is an unmis-
takable "Bogotd" skin in the Berlepsch collection. C. E. H.

ioo FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

south to western Matto Grosso and northeastern Bolivia; French and
British Guiana.*

4: Brazil (Tury-assu, Maranhao 4).

Thamnophilus insignis Salvin and Godman. RORAIMA ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus insignis SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1884, p. 450 (Roraima, Brit.

Guiana); SALVIN, 1. c., 1885, p. 424 (Roraima); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,

15, 1890, p. 199, pi. 13 (cfi 9) (Roraima).
Erionotus insignis CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 19 (Roraima).

Range: Roraima Mountains, British Guiana.

Thamnophilus caerulescens paraguayensis Hellmayr* APA RIVER
ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus paraguayensis HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, Feb. 1904,
P- 53 (Colonia Risso, Rio Apa, n. Paraguay); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR,
Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 26 (San Salvador, n. Paraguay).

Thamnophilus caerulescens paraguayensis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921,
p. 200 in text (crit.; n. Paraguay).

Thamnophilus caerulescens (not of VIEILLOT) SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 10,
No. 208, 1895, p. 33 (Colonia Risso, n. Paraguay).

Thamnophilus ambiguus (not of SWAINSON) KERR, Ibis, 1892, p. 134 (Portin
Nueve, Rio Pilcomayo, Chaco).

Range : Northern Paraguay (Colonia Risso, Rio Apa ; San Salvador)
and Paraguayan Chaco (Fortin Nueve, Fort Wheeler, Rio Pilcomayo). d

*Thamnophilus caerulescens caerulescens Vieillot. BLUISH-GRAY ANT
SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus caerulescens* VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 3,
1816, p. 311 (based on "Batara negro y aplomado" Azara No. 213: Paraguay;
= o" ad.); LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 5, 1853, p. 338 (descr. cf;
Brazil and Paraguay); SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ., (n. s.), i, 1855,
p. 244 (part; Paraguay); PELZELN, Reise Novara, Zool., I, Vogel, 1865,

A series from the vicinity of Maranhao (State of MaranhSo), ne. Brazil agree
with birds from Para. Several females from French Guiana (St. Georges d'Oyapoc,
S. Jean du Maroni) are slightly different and may represent a separable race.
C. E. H.

b Thamnophilus caerulescens paraguayensis HELLMAYR: Male similar to T. c. caeru-
lescens of s. Paraguay and se. Brazil, but under parts white instead of bluish gray,
and margins to inner secondaries ("tertials") hoary (not bluish slate gray). 9 un-
known. Wing (of four cfcf) 68-72; tail, 64-67; bill, 15.

An adult male secured on Sept. 20, 1916, by Geo. K. Cherrie, in the collection
of the Amer. Mus. of Nat. Hist., New York City. C. E. H.

d Whether Thamnophilus caerulescens (not of VIEILLOT) C. B. GRANT (Ibis,
1911, p. 136), from "Arjerichi, Paraguay", ( = right bank of Rio Parana, opposite
Tebicuari, Terr. Formosa, Argentina) belongs to T. c. paraguayensis or T. c. dinellii
can only be decided by re-examination of the specimen, presumably in collection
of British Museum. C. E. H.

Sometimes spelled coerulescens.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 101

p. 69 (foothills of the Corcovado, Rio de Janeiro*); BERLEPSCH, Zeits. ges.
Orn., 2, 1885, p. 148 in text (Rio de Janeiro"); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 200 (part; Paraguay, se. Brazil); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4,
1900, p. 158 (Cantagallo) ; HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22,
No. 3, 1906, p. 660 (crit. ; diag. o", 9 ; Sapucay, Paraguay; S. Paulo, Minas
Geraes); JHERING and JEERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 198 (Itatiba,"
Ypiranga, Tie'te', Ribeiro Pires, Bauru, Rio Feio, S. Paulo); CHUBB, Ibis,
1910, p. 520 (Sapucay, Paraguay)."

Thamnophilus caerulescens caendescens HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 199
(Sapucay, Villa Rica, c. Paraguay; S. Paulo and w. Minas Geraes, se. Brazil).

Erionotus caerulescens CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 22, 1874, P- 86 (Cantagallo,
Rio).

Erionotus caerulescens caerulescens DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires,
23, 1912, p. 303 (Villa Rica, c. Paraguay).

Thamnophilus auratus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 3, 1816,
p. 312 (based on "Batara pardo dorado" Azara No. 214; Paraguay; = 9 ad.).

Thamnophilus albonotatus SPIX, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 27, pi. 37, fig. 2 (=d")
(Brazil; type in Munich Museum examined); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl.
Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 658, 66 1 (crit.; Cantagallo, Petropolis,
Rio)*.

Thamnophilus caerulescens albonotatus JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz.,
i, 1907, p. 198 (Campos do Jordao, Piquete, S. Paulo; Itatiaya," Vargem
Alegre, near Marianna, Minas Geraes); LUDERWALDT, Zool. Jahrb., (Syst.),
27, 1909, p. 350 (Campos Itatiaya, Serra Mantiqueira)'; HELLMAYR, Nov.
Zool., 28, 1921, p. 200, in text (Rio de Janeiro and e. Minas Geraes).

Thamnophilus naevius (not of GMELIN) SWAINSON, Ornith. Drawings, Part 5,
1839, pi. 59 (d* ad.); BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 94
(Novo Friburgo, Rio); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 76 (Ypanema,
S. Paulo) b ; REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturh. Foren. Kjobenh., 1870,
p. 367 (Lagoa Santa, Taboleiro Grande, Minas; Sao Carlos, S. Paulo; Novo
Friburgo, Rio; crit.); PELZELN, Nunquam otios., 2, 1874, p. 291 (Novo
Friburgo); BOUCARD and BERLEPSCH, Humming Bird, 2, 1892, p. 44 (Porto
Real, Rio); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1898, p. 237 (Ribeirao Pires,
Tiet, S. Paulo); idem, 1. c., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Novo Friburgo).

Thamnophilus ventralis SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ., (n. s.), i, 1855, p. 244
("South Brazil"; type in British Museum examined).

Specimens examined by C. E. H.

b The distinction between T. c. caerulescens (from s. Paraguay and S. Paulo)
and T. c. albonotatus (from the mountain ranges on the confines of the Brazilian
states of Rio and Minas) which I have advocated in my revision of Spix's types
cannot be maintained in the light of additional material received since that time.
The amount of black on the upper parts, the intensity of the slate gray below, the
coloration of the under tail coverts and the extent of the white marginal stripe on the
outer web of the external rectrix prove to be exceedingly variable in a series of fifteen
males from Victoria, S. Paulo, some of which are even darker slate gray underneath,
with more strongly barred crissum than the types of albonotatus and tephrogaster, while
several others from Serra do Itatiaya are hardly distinguishable from the Sao Paulo
average. Females are not distinguishable either, although those from Rio de Janeiro
are, as a rule, slightly darker. Ten examples from w. Minas (Lagoa Santa; Agua
Suja near Bagagem) are practically identical with the S. Paulo series which I am
unable to separate from topotypical Paraguayan birds. C. E. H.

io2 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus pileatus (not of SWAINSON) BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras.,

3, 1856, p. 95 (Lagoa Santa, Minas); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858,

p. 213 (part).
Tamnophilus pileatus MIRANDA, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 13, 1906,

p. 184 (Retire do Ramos, Itatiaya).
Thamnophilus ochrus OBERHOLSER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 14, 1901, p. 188

(Sapucay, c. Paraguay; type examined by C. E. H.; =9 ad.); idem, Proc.

U. S. Mus., 25, 1902, p. 130 (Sapucay).
Thamnophilus tephrogaster OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Mus., 25, 1902, p. 59

("Bahia," the type in the U. S. National Museum, examined by C. E. H.,

is a tradeskin of the ordinary "Rio" make; = d* ad.).

Range: Central and southern Paraguay (Villa Rica, Sapucay),
thence ranging (apparently through the yet unexplored western division
of the State of Parana) to the northern and eastern districts of Sao
Paulo, and to the states Minas Geraes and Rio de Janeiro.

14: Brazil (Victoria, S. Paulo 9, Faz. Cayoa, Salto Grande, Rio Par-
anapanema, S. Paulo 3; Rio das Velhas, near Lagoa Santa, Minas
Geraes 2).

*Thamnophilus caerulescens cearensis (Cory}.* GEAR A ANT SHRIKE.

Erionotus cearensis CORY, Auk, 36, No. i, Jan. 1919, p. 88 (Serra Baturite',
Ceara, ne. Brazil).

Range: Northeastern Brazil, State of Ceara (Serra Baturit^).
i: Ceara (Serra Baturit^), the type i.

Thamnophilus caerulescens gilvigaster Pelzeln.* TAWNY-BELLIED
ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus gilvigaster PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 76 (Curytiba,
Parana, se. Brazil; types in Vienna Museum examined); HELLMAYR, Abhandl.
2. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 661 (crit.; Parana, Santa Catha-
rina, Rio Grande do Sul, s. Brazil; Corrientes, Misiones, ne. Argentina);
JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 199 (Itarar6, sw. S. Paulo;
spec, examined); CHROSTOWSKI, Compt. Rend. Soc. Sci. Varsovie, 5, 1912,
p. 477, 496 (Vera Guarany, Rio Iguassu, Est. Parana); MENEGAUX, Rev.
Prang. d'Orn., No. no, 1918, p. 317 (Villa Lutetia, near San Ignacio, Misiones).

Thamnophilus caerulescens gilvigaster HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 198,
199 (Corrientes; range, crit.).

Thamnophilus caerulescens cearensis (CORY) : Male (only known specimen) differs
from a considerable series of T. c. caerulescens by decidedly larger, stronger bill
and by having the forehead (as far back as the anterior angle of the eye) slate gray.
Wing 73; tail 59; bill 18. While the characters of this form should be confirmed
by additional material, there can be no question about its being specifically distinct
from the T, punctatus-ambiguus group. -C. E. H.

b Thamnophilus caerulescens gilvigaster PELZELN: Male differs from T. c. caeru-
lescens by having the flanks and under tail coverts ochraceous buff; female generally
with crown more rufous. Intermediates to caerulescens are not uncommon. C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS CORY. 103

Thamnophilus maculatus (not of SUCH, 1825) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY,
Syn., Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, 1837, p. n (Corrientes; types in Paris
Museum examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. m6rid., Ois., 1838, p. 172
(Itaty, s. bank of R. Parana, Corrientes); LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool.,
(2nd ser.), 5, 1853, p. 339 (Corrientes); SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ.,
(n. s.), i, 1855, p. 246 (Corrientes; ex D'ORBIGNY) ; BERLEPSCH and JHERING,
Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, 1885, p. 148 (Taquara do Mundo Novo, Arroio Grande,
Rio Grande do Sul); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 201 ("Pelo-
tas," Rio Grande do Sul) ; JHERING, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul para
1900, 1899, p. 130 (Mundo Novo),

Thamnophilus pileatus (not of SWAINSON) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858,
p. 213 (part; Corrientes).

Thamnophilus caerulesccns (not of VIEILLOT) BURMEISTER, Reise La PI. Staat.,
2, 1 86 1, p. 472 (part; City of Parana, Corrientes; spec, in Mus. Nac. Buenos
Aires examined); WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 614 (Santo Tom6, Cor-
rientes; San Javier, Concepcion, Misiones; spec, now in Tring Museum
examined); BARROWS, Auk, i, 1884, p. 21 (La Concepcion, lower Uruguay,
Entrerios; nest descr.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 200 (part;
a, Uruguay; c, d, Misiones); APLIN, Ibis, 1894, p. 185 (Arroyo Grande,
Santa Elena, Prov. Soriano, Uruguay; spec, in British Museum examined).

Erionotus gilvigaster TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2, 1920, p. 19 (Uruguay).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Sao Pedro de Harare* (in south-
western section of State of Sao Paulo) through the eastern parts of
Parana (Curytiba; Roca Nova, Serra do Mar), Santa Catharina (Lagu-
na) and Rio Grande do Sul to Uruguay, and through Misiones to Cor-
rientes and Entrerios, northeastern Argentina, this latter area being, to
the north and west, bounded by the Rio Parana.

*Thamnophilus caerulescens dinellii Berkpsch.* DINELLI'S ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus dinellii BERLEPSCH, Bull. B. O. C., 16, May 1906, p. 99 ("Tucu-
man," lapsu; the type in the Berlepsch Collection examined by C. E. H. is
from the Estancia Isca Yacu, Prov. Santiago del Estero, nw. Argentina);
idem, Onus, 14, Feb. 1907, p. 368 ("Tucuman").

Thamnophilus gilvigaster dinellii HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, 1909,
p. 221 (San Vicente, Mocovi, Prov. Santa Fe; Tapia, Tucuman).

Thamnophilus caerulescens dinellii HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 200 in
text (range).

Thamnophilus naevius (not of GMELIN) BURMEISTER, Journ. Ornith., 8, 1860,
p. 251 (Tucuman; [?] Challao, near Mendoza, only seen).

Thamnophilus caerulescens dinettii BERLEPSCH : Male differs from T. c. gilvigaster
by having the throat much paler (whitish, slightly freckled with gray), the breast
bright buff (instead of cinereous) and the middle of the abdomen decidedly buff (not
whitish); besides, lores and superciliary stripe are more whitish, and the white
marginal spot on the outer web of the external rectrix is much smaller. Female also
recognizable by its buffy whitish (instead of grayish) throat, and bright ochraceous
buff under parts without any olive grayish suffusion on foreneck and chest. Wing
70-73; tail 68-74; bill 14-15- Fifteen specimens from Santa F, Santiago del Estero,
Salta, and Tucuman (Tapia, Santa Ana) examined. C. E. H.

104 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus coerulescens (not of VIEILLOT) BURMEISTER, Reise La Plata St.,

2, 1 86 1, p. 472 (part; Tucuman; [?] Mendoza).
Thamnophilus caerulescens (not of VIEILLOT) SALVIN, Ibis, 1880, p. 360 (Salta;

spec, in Brit. Mus. examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 200

(part; spec, g, h, ex Salta); LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, 1902, p. 192

(Tucuman, Tapia); idem, Rev. letr. y cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3, 1905, p. 54

(same localities); BAER, Ornis, 12, 1904, p. 223 (Santa Ana, Tapia, Tucuman;

spec, examined).
Thamnophilus maculatus (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) SALVADORI,

Boll. Mus. Torino, 12, No. 292, 1897, p. 22 (San Lorenzo, Jujuy; Aguai-

renda, Prov. Tarija, se. Bolivia).
Thamnophilus gilvicollis (lapsu) BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata, n, 1904, p. 254

(Oran, Salta).
Thamnophilus gilvigaster (not of PELZELN) DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires,

18, 1910, p. 283 (Oran, Salta; San Lorenzo, Jujuy; Mocovi, Chaco).

Range: Northwestern Argentina, from the right bank of the Par-
and in Prov. Sante Fe (Ocampo, S. Vicente, Mocovi) to Prov. Santiago
del Estero, Tucuman, Salta, Jujuy, and the southern border of Bolivia
(Aguairenda, near Caiza, Dept. Tarija).

5: Argentina (Tartagal, Salta i, Ocampo 3, S. Vicente i).

Thamnophilus connectens Berlepsch.* BOLIVIAN ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus connectens BERLEPSCH, Ornis, 14, Feb. 1907, p. 369 (Samaipata
[type], Holguin, e. Bolivia; the original series, including type, examined in
Berlepsch Collection; descr. cf ).

Range: Eastern Bolivia, in Prov. Valle Grande, southern portion
of Dept. of Santa Cruz (Samaipata, Holguin).

* Thamnophilus connectens BERLEPSCH is an extremely interesting "species,"
forming the connecting link between the plain bellied T. caerulescens dinellii, of
nw. Argentina and the barred-bellied 7*. aspersiventer of w. Bolivia, geographically
as well as in its characters.

The males (I have seen no female) are much like dinellii, but have more black and
white on the upper back, longer white apical spots on the lateral rectrices, and the
throat of a purer white (less buffy), more or less variegated with gray. There is,
however, an unusual amount of variation in the four males before me. While the
type (adult male, Samaipata, July 24, 1890, Gustav Garlepp coll. No. 761) closely
resembles T. aspersiventer on the upper parts, except for having narrow ash gray edges
on the anterior back; three other specimens (one of them in first annual plumage)
have the crown only black, the back mostly olive gray, with a varying amount of black
in the middle, the uropygial feathers tipped with buff, and the upper tail coverts ciner-
eous with a black subapical band and a large white tip, agreeing with T. c. dinellii
in all of these points. Even greater are the differences on the lower parts. In the
type, the throat is ashy gray streaked with whitish, and obsoletely barred with darker
gray on lower portion; foreneck and chest are grayish white, irregularly, but broadly
barred with black; middle of breast and abdomen white, with a few indistinct gray-
ish vermiculations; flanks buff, under tail coverts white, with broad edges of bright
buff. In another adult from Samaipata (July 23, 1890, Collector's No. 756), the
throat and foreneck are chiefly white, variegated with grayish ; the remainder of the
under parts buff, deeper on flanks and tail coverts. Finally, an adult male from

IQ24- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 105

*Thamnophilus aspersiventer Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny.* BARRED-
BELLIED ANT SHRIKE.

Tamnophilus aspersiventer LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag.
Zool., 7, cL 2, 1837, p. 10 (Prov. Yungas, Bolivia; types in Paris Museum
examined).

Thamnophilus aspersiventer D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. meiid., Ois., 1838, p. 171
pi. 4, fig. i (d*)i 2 (9 sub. nom. T. schistaceus) (Prov. Yungas, Sicasica and
Ayupaya); LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 7, 1844, p. 83 (Bolivia "et in Colombia,"
errore!); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 148 ("Bogota" [errore] ex
LAFRESNAYE); idem, Edinb. New Philos. Journ., (n. s.) f i, 1885, p. 242
(Sicasica, Ayupaya, Yungas of Bolivia); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921,
p. 197 (western Yungas of Bolivia).

Thamnophilus aspersiventris SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 217 (Bolivia
(o*, 9 descr.); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 175 (Bolivia); SCLATER
and SALVIN, P. Z. S., Lond., 1879, p. 623 (Simacu, Tilotilo, Yungas of La
Paz) ; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 206 (Tilotilo, Simacu, Bolivia).

Range: Yungas of western Bolivia (Dept. of La Paz and western
Cochabamba).

i: Bolivia (Jatumpampa, Cochabamba, Todos Santos Trail).

*Thamnophilus melanchrous Sclater and Solving PERUVIAN BLACK
ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus melanchrous SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond .,1876, p. 16, 18,
pl 3 (&) (Huiro, Urubamba Valley, Peru; type in British Museum exam-
ined); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Peiou, 2, 1884, p. n (descr. <f ex Huiro).

Holguin (July 11, 1890, Collector's No. 709) and one in first annual plumage
(Samaipata, July 23, 1890, No. 751) have the throat whiter, with a slight buffy tinge,
and differ from T. c. dinellii only by somewhat lighter buff chest and the slightly
grayish vermiculations on the throat.

Count Berlepsch gave an excellent description of this bird, but after going over
the same material, I cannot concur with his view that the specimens resembling
dinellii in coloration constitute an immature stage. Two of them are undoubtedly
adult, and I feel sure, the striking variability is purely individual and not due to age.
There is also the possibility of the type specimen being a hybrid between aspersi~
venter and dinellii. More material of this "species" is highly desirable.

Three males measure as follows: wing 72, 73, 73; tail 67, 70, 72; bill i4#, 15,
15. C. E. H.

* Thamnophilus aspersiventer LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY: Twenty-five speci-
mens from the Yungas of La Paz (S. Antonio, S. Cristobal, Sandillani, Chaco, Tanam-
paya, Songo, Cocapata, Omeja) and one from Jatumpampa (Cochabamba) exam-
ined. The male has the throat and foreneck uniform black; the remainder of the
belly white, broadly squamulated or barred with black or dark gray. The female
differs from that of T. caerulescens dinellii by much darker, deep ochraceous (instead
of buff) under parts, with the throat gray, streaked with paler, and the foreneck
decidedly washed with grayish olive; by having the crown mainly black (instead of
rufescent olive) and the back more brownish, not olive gray.

In spite of its striking differences, I am inclined to regard it as a mere northern
representative of the T. caerulescens group, with which it is connected by T. con-
nectens BERLEPSCH of e. Bolivia. C. E. H.

b Thamnophilus melanchrous SCLATER and SALVIN is closely allied to, and evi-
dently the northern representative of T. aspersiventer, from which the male differs
only by having the breast and belly uniform black like throat and foreneck (instead

io6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus luctuosus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10,
(i), 1844, p. 278 (Peru; descr. d"; spec, in Mus. Neuchatel examined); idem,
Faun. Peru., Aves, 1846, p. 172 (between 12 and 14 degrees s. lat. of Peru,
= Dept. Junin; o", 9 in Mus. Neuchatel examined); BURMEISTER, Syst.
Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 93 (descr. d", 9 ex TSCHUDI, excl. hab. "Para");
TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 529 (Paltaypampa).

Thamnophilus subandinus TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 29 (Chacha-
poyas, Chirimoto, Tamiapampa, n. Peru); idem, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 6
(same localities).

Thamnophilus subandinus major TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 7 (descr.
o" ex Paltaypampa, 9 ex coll. Tschudi in Mus. Neuchatel).

Thamnophilus melanochrous SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 191
(Huiro, Chachapoyas) ; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896,
P- 379 (Garita del Sol, Dept. Junin; crit.); idem, Ornis, 13, Sept. 1906, p. 93
(Idma, Sta. Ana Valley) ; MENEGAUX, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., No. ao, 1910, p. 321
(Utcubamba, ne. of Tayabamba) ; CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Mus., No. 117, 1921,
p. 79 (Santa Ana, Idma, San Miguel Bridge, Torontoy, Urubamba region).

Range: Eastern Andes of Peru, from depts. of Amazonas and
Loreto, south to the Urubamba Valley, Dept. Cuzco, chiefly in the
subtropical zone.

7: Peru (Chinchao 5, Molinopampa 2).

*Thamnophilus torquatus Swainson. MEWING ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus torquatus SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 2, No. 5, April 1825, p. 89
("UrupeV' Bahia, e. Brazil; = d"); SCLATER, Edinb. New Phil. Journ., (n.s.),
i. 1855, p. 239 (diag.); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 220 (diag. o", 9 ;
se. Brazil, Bolivia; excl. syn. T. ruficapillus); BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers.
Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 100 (Lagoa Santa, Minas); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2,
1868, p. 79 (Cuyaba, Matto Grosso; Jos6 Dias, Goyaz) ; REINHARDT, Vidensk.
Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 372 (Lagoa Santa, Minas); SCLATER and
SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, P- 623 (Guarayos, e. Bolivia; ex D'ORBIGNY);
FORBES, Ibis, 1881, p. 347 (Quipapa, Recife, Pernambuco); SCLATER, Cat.
B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 213 (Pernambuco, Bahia, e. Brazil); DUBOIS,
Syn. Av., i, 1901, p. 182, pi. 5, fig. i (o*), 2(9); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul.,
5, 1902, p. 275 (Jaboticabal, Rincao, n. S. Paulo); idem and idem, Cat. Faun.
Braz., i, 1907, p. 201 (Jaboticabal, Rincao, Avanhandava, n. S. Paulo);
HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 68 (Rio Thesouras, Goyaz); MENEGAUX

of barred with black and white). The female may be recognized by lacking the white
apical margins to the upper wing coverts; by having more black on the crown and
nape; the back more grayish; the grayish of the throat extended over the chest, and
the belly much paler ochraceous, etc. Wing (o") 72-75, ( 9 ) 70-74; tail (o*) 66-74,
(9) 64-72; bill is-i6#.

I fail to see any constant difference between fifteen specimens from n. Peru
(depts. of Loreto and Amazonas), including two topotypes of T. subandinus TACZ.
from Tamiapampa, a couple from Garita del Sol, Vitoc (T. s. major TACZ.), five
skins from Chinchao (Dept. Huanuco), and a topotypical o" from Huiro, Urubamba
(r. melanchrous).C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 107

and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 28 (Guarayos,
Bolivia; Bahia); REISER, Denkschr. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76,
1910, p. 66 (Beberibe, near Recife, Pernambuco; Alagoinhas, Bahia; Santa
Philomena, s. Piauhy).

Thamnophilus scalaris (ex LICHTENSTEIN Ms.) WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3,
(2), 1831, p. 999 (e. Brazil, locality not specified).

Thamnophilus atropileus LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag.
Zool., 7, cl. 2, 1837, p. ii (Guarayos, e. Bolivia; type in Paris Museum
examined by C. E. H.); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r. mend., Ois., 1838, p. 173
(ne. Chiquitos); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 198 (Guarayos; crit.).

Thamnophilus atripileus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2nd ser.), 5, 1853, P- 339
(Guarayos).

Thamnophilus pectoralis SWAINSON, Anim. in Menag., 1838, p. 283 (Bahia).

Rhopochares argentinus CABANIS and HEINE/ Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 17 ("Monte-
video, Buenos Ayres," localities erroneous; types in Mus. Heine examined
by C. E. H.).

Thamnophilus ruficapittus (not of VIEILLOT) ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 2, 1889, p. 249 (notes on types of Th. scalaris WIED); idem, 1. c., 5
1893, p. 118 (one 9, Chapada, Matto Grosso, examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Eastern and central Brazil, from Piauhy and Pernambuco
south to Bahia, western Minas Geraes and northern Sao Paulo (Tiete*
region), west through Goyaz to Matto Grosso, and the adjoining parts
of eastern Bolivia (plains of Guarayos).

i : Brazil (Rio das Velhas, near Lagoa Santa).

Thamnophilus ruficapillus cochabambae (Chapman)* COCHABAMBA
ANT SHRIKE.

Rhopochares cochabambae CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 2, Jan. 1921, p. 2
(Tujima, Prov. Cochabamba [type]; Valle Grande, Prov. Santa Cruz; Perico,

* Rhopochares argentinus CABANIS and HEINE was erroneously synonymized
with T. ruficapittus from which the two male types differ at a glance by their black
(instead of rufous) pileum. The specimen said to be from "Buenos Aires" shows, on
most of the feathers of the hind crown, grayish lateral and olive brownish apical
edges, which are also slightly indicated in some Bahia skins. There can be no ques-
tion as to the localities being wrongly given as "Montevideo" and "Buenos Aires."
The types are of the same preparation and formed part of the same collection as a
skin of Knipolegus nigerrimus labeled "Rio Grande,' in the Heine Collection. This
species being peculiar to se. Brazil (Rio, s. Minas, S. Paulo), it is pretty certain that
the types of R. argentinus, also, originated from this region, probably from S. Paulo.
In size (wing 64, 67; tail 66, 67^), they agree very well with a male from S. Jero-
nymo, Tiete' distr., n. Sao Paulo (wing 66; tail 67), while birds from Bahia are gen-
erally somewhat smaller (wing 62-64; tail 58-60). The type of T. atropileus LAFRES-
NAYE and D'ORBIGNY from Guarayos, e. Bolivia, again is rather large (wing 67;
tail 65). C. E. H.

b Thamnophilus ruficapillus cochabambae (CHAPMAN): Agrees with T. r. rufi-
capillus in the rufous cap, but differs in the male sex by its smoke gray (instead of
warm earthy brown) back, more grayish sides of head and neck, ashy (not earthy
brown) margins to the central rectrices, and by the lateral tail feathers being indented

io8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnophilus argentinus (not of CABANIS and HEINE) BURMEISTER, Reise La
Plata St., 2, 1861, p. 472 (part; Tucumdn).

Thamnophilus ruficapillus (not of VIEILLOT) SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 12,
No. 292, 1895, p. 22 (San Lorenzo, Jujuy; Tala, Salta); LILLO, Anal. Mus.
Nac. B. Aires, 8, 1902, p. 192 (La Hoyada, Tucuman); idem, Rev. letr. y
cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3, 1905, p. 54 (same locality); BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La
Plata, n, 1904, p. 254 (Rosario de Lerma, Salta); DABBENE, Anal. Mus.
Nac. B. Aires, 18, 1910, p. 284 (part; La Hoyada, Tucumdn; Salta; S. Lor-
enzo, Jujuy).

Range: Central Bolivia (south of the Sierra de Cochabamba) and
northwestern Argentina, in states of Jujuy, Salta and Tucuman.

Thamnophilus ruficapillus ruficapillus Vieillot. RUFOUS-CAPPED ANT
SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus ruficapillus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 3,
1816, p. 318 (ex Azara No. 215: no locality specified, we suggest Corrientes
as terra typica); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 79 (Ypanema, S. Paulo;
Curytiba, Parand) ; idem, Nunq. otios., 2, 1874, p. 291 (Novo Friburgo, Rio);
BERLEPSCH and JEERING, Zeitschr. ges. Ornith., 2, 1885, p. 149 (Taquara,
Rio Grande do Sul); SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Ornith., i, 1888, p. 204
(eastern provinces of Argentina, south to Buenos Aires); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 213 (Buenos Aires, La Plata); BOUCARD and BER-
LEPSCH, The Humming Bird, 2, 1892, p. 44 (Porto Real, Rio); APLIN, Ibis,
1894, p. 185 (Uruguay) ; JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1899, p. 238 (S. Paulo,
Piracicaba); idem, 1. c., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Novo Friburgo); idem, Annuario
Est. Rio Grande do Sul para 1900, 1899, p. 130 (Mundo Novo, S. Lourenco,
Rio Grande do Sul); idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 201 (Ypiranga,
S. Paulo, Itarare 1 , Piracicaba, S. Paulo; Vargem Alegre near Marianna, Minas
Geraes; a Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul); HARTERT and VENTURI,
Nov. Zool., 16, 1909, p. 221 (Barracas al Sud, B. Aires); DABBENE, Anal.
Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, 1910, p. 284 (part; Buenos Aires); BERTONI, Faun.
Parag., 1914, p. 51 (Alto Parand, Paraguay).

Rhopochares ruficapillus TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2, 1920, p. 19 (Montevideo,
Canelones, Colonia, Uruguay).

Thamnophilus scalaris (not of WIED) BURMEISTER, Journ. Ornith., 8, 1860,
p. 251 (Banda Oriental; Parand, Argentina); EULER, 1. c., 1867, p. 194;
1. c., 1868, p. 190 (breeding habits; Cantagallo, Rio).

Thamnophilus argentinus (not of CABANIS and HEINE) BURMEISTER, Reise La
Plata St., 2, 1861, p. 472 (part; Parand, Banda Oriental); SCLATER and
SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 141 (Conchitas, B. Aires); HUDSON, 1. c.,

with white on the outer web; female distinguishable by the mainly olive gray back
and upper tail coverts, and much paler, whitish buff under parts. Wing (cf ) 69-70,
(9) 66-67; tail (cT) 76-79, (9) 70-72; bill 16-17. Four specimens from the type
locality examined. C. E. H.

Probably wrongly identified. Reinhardt records T. torquatus from Marianna.
All specimens I have seen from Rio de Janeiro (Cantagallo, Porto Real) are refer-
able to T. r. ruficapillus, those from western Minas (Lagoa Santa) to T. torquatus.
C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS CORY. 109

1870, p. 113 (Buenos Aires); DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 183 (Buenos Aires);

idem, 1. c., 1878, p. 62 (nest); WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 614 (Santo

Tom6, Corrientes); BARROWS, Auk, i, 1884, p. 21 (Concepcion, Entrerios);

GIBSON, Ibis, 1885, p. 281 (Paysandu, Uruguay).
Rhopochares torquatus (not of SWAINSON) CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 22, 1874,

p. 86 (Cantagallo, Rio; one 9).
Thamnophilus torquatus JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Cantagallo;

ex CABANIS).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Prov. Rio de Janeiro to Rio
Grande do Sul; Uruguay; northeastern Argentina (states of Buenos
Aires, Entrerios, Corrientes, and adjoining parts of eastern Paraguay
(Alto Parana).

Thamnophilus ruficapillus subfasciatus Sclater and Salvin.* BARRED-
BREASTED ANT SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus subfasciatus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1876, p. 357,
pi. 33 (Tilotilo, Yungas of La Paz, Bolivia) ; idem, 1. c., 1879, p. 623 (Tilotilo) ;
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 214 (Bolivia).

Range : Yungas of La Paz, western Bolivia (Tilotilo, Chaco, Chulu-
mani).

Thamnophilus ruficapillus marcapatae Hellmayr* MARCAPATA ANT
SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus marcapatae HELLMAYR, Verhandl. Orn. Ges. Bay., n, No. i,

Jan. 1912, p. 162 (Chuhuasi, near Ollachea, Rio San Gaban, n. Puno [type];

Marcapata, Dept. Cuzco, se. Peru); idem, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10,

1920, p. 84 (same localities).
(?) Thamnophilus subfasciatus (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) TACZANOWSKI,

P. Z. S. Lond., 1880, p. 201 (Cutervo); idem, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 18

(Cutervo; Cococh6, R. Maranon, n. Peru).

Range: Southeastern Peru, in depts. Puno (Chuhuasi, Sierra of
Carabaya) and Cuzco (Marcapata) ; ( ?) northern Peru (Cutervo, Coco-
cho).

Thamnophilus ruficapillus subfasciatus SCLATER and SALVIN: Male similar to
T. r. cochabambae in having the back mainly smoky gray; but entire under surface,
except throat and anal region, regularly and closely barred with black on a purer
white ground; lower tail coverts white, barred with gray; white cross bands on inner
web of lateral rectrices narrower and shorter, occupying only the inner half of the
vane. Female much darker, ochraceous instead of buff underneath. Wing (two
o"o") 65^-68, (two 9 9) 6sX-68; tail 63-68; bill 17-18. C. E. H.

b Thamnophilus ruficapillus marcapatae HELLMAYR: Male differs from T. r. sub-
fasciatus by having the under parts smoky gray; the chest and middle of breast
only barred with black and white, the black bars being at least twice as wide as the
white interspaces (while in its ally, the white bars are about two or three times as
broad as the black ones); the flanks without any brownish wash; the under tail
coverts smoky gray, barely edged with white. Female darker ochraceous beneath
Wing (o*) 67-68, ( 9) 65; tail 63-64; bill 16^-17. C. E. H.

no FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Genus PYGIPTILA Sclater.

Pygiptila SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 220 (type by subs, desig., SCLATER,
1890, Thamnophilus macidipennis SCLATER).

Pygoptila CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 69 (emendation).
*Pygiptila stellaris (Spix). SPOTTED-WINGED BUSH BIRD.

Thamnophilus stellaris SPIX, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 27, pi. 36, fig. 2 (o") ("in
provincia Parae," type, formerly in Munich Museum, lost); SCLATER, P. Z. S.
Lond., 22, 1854, p. 112 (Quijos, e. Ecuador); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 195 (Guiana, Amazons; spec, examined by C. E. H.); SNETHLAGE,
Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 283 (Para).

Pygiptila stellaris HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906,
p. 657 (crit.; = Thamnophilus maculipennis SCLATER); idem, Nov. Zool., 13,
1906, p. 367 (San Antonio do Prata, Pard; Paramaribo, Surinam); JHERING
and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 202 (Rio Jurud; spec, examined);
HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 61 (Teffe 1 ), 370 (Humaytha, Rio Madeira) ;
idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 344 (Calama); idem, Abhandl. math, naturw. Kl.
Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 43 (Ipitinga, Utinga), 92 (Pard, Utinga,
S. Antonio, Ipitinga); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 279
(upper Orinoco, Caura, Venezuela) ; BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 62, No. 2, 1918, p. 67 (Paramaribo, Lelydorp, Surinam).

Pygoptila stellaris BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 153 (Cayenne); SNETH-
LAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 15 (Bom Lugar, Ponto Alegre, Rio Punis),
p. 510 (Bella Vista, Villa Braga, Goyana, R. Tapaj6z); idem, 1. c., 61, 1913,
p. 528 (habits); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 274 (Pard; Tocantins,
Xingu, Iriri, Curud, Tapaj6z, Jamauchim Rivers; R. Purus).

Thamnophilus maculipennis SCLATER, Edinb. New Philos. Journ., (n. s.), I,
April 1855, p. 247 (orig. descr. o* and 9 ; Quixos, e. Ecuador; Chamicuros,
Peruvian Amazons, the latter being the type locality; see SCLATER, Cat.
Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 176); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 65 (Rio
Napo).

Pygiptila maculipennis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 220 (upper Ama-
zons; Rio Napo; descr.); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 79 (Salto
do Girao, Borba, Rio Madeira; Marabitanas, Rio Amajau, Rio Negro).

Pygoptila maculipennis CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 15 (Cayenne;
spec, examined); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 185 (upper
Ucayali, Sarayacu); idem, 1. c., 1867, p. 750 (Xeberos); idem, 1. c., 1873,
p. 273 (upper Ucayali, Sarayacu, Xeberos; Chamicuros); TACZANOWSKI, 1.
c., 1882, p. 30 (Yurimaguas) ; idem, Ornith. P6rou, 2,1884, P- 26 (Sarayacu,
upper Ucayali, Xeberos, Chamicuros, Yurimaguas; Elvira, Tarapoto, Pebas) ;
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 217 (Iquitos, Chamicuros,
Chyavetas, Peru ; Sarayacu, Rio Napo, e. Ecuador) ; BERLEPSCH and HARTERT,
Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 71 (Munduapo, Nericagua, R. Orinoco; La Union, La
Pricion, Caura); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 439 (Rio Jurud).

Range: From the Guianas and the Orinoco-Caura basin in Ven-
ezuela to Pard, Brazil, and throughout the Amazonian forest region

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. in

westward to the eastern slopes of the Andes in Ecuador and Peru,
south to the Dept. Huanuco (Chuchurras).

2: Peru (Rio Ucayali i, Puerto Bermudez i).

Genus MEGASTICTUS Ridgway.

Megastictus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, 1909, p. 69 (type by orig.
desig. Myrmeciza margaritata SCLATER).

Megastictus margaritatus (Sclater). PEARLY BUSH BIRD.

Myrmeciza margaritata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 22, "1854," publ. April, 1855,

P- 2 53. pl- 7 1 (Chamicuros, n. Peru).
Pygiptila margaritata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 221 (Chamicuros);

PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 79 (Marabitanas, Rio Negro);

JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 202 (Rio Negro); HELL-

MAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 344 (Calama, Rio Madeira).
Pygoptila margaritata SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 177 (Peruvian

Amazons); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 750 (Xeberos);

idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 273 (Chamicuros, Xeberos; nest and eggs described);

TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Peiou, 2, 1884, p. 27 (Chamicuros, Xeberos); SCLATER,

Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 217 (Xeberos, Chamicuros); SNETHLAGE,

Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 274 (diagn.).
Range: Eastern Peru and western Brazil (Rio Negro, Rio Madeira).

Genus NEOCTANTES Sclater.
Neoctantes SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 572 (type Xenops niger PELZELN).

Neoctantes niger (Pelzeln). BLACK BUSH BIRD.

Xenops niger PELZELN, Sitzungsb. Ak. Wiss. Wien, math.-naturw. Kl. f 34,
1859, p. in (Marabitanas, Rio Negro; types in Vienna Museum examined
by C. E. H.).

Pteroptochus niger PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 46 (Marabitanas, Rio Negro).

Neoctantes niger SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 572; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 218 (Marabitanas, Rio Negro, nw. Brazil and Sarayacu, Ecuador).

Range : Northwestern Brazil (Rio Negro) and eastern Ecuador.

Genus CLYTOCTANTES Elliot.
Clytoctantes ELLIOT, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 242 (type Clytoctantes alixi ELLIOT).

Clytoctantes alixi Elliot. RE CURVED-BILLED BUSH BIRD.

Clytoctantes alixi ELLIOT, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 242, pi. 20 (Rio Napo, Ecua-

Birds from Marabitanas and Calama agree well with two topotypes from
n. Peru. C. E. H.

iia FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

dor); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 219 ("Bogota"); CHAPMAN,
Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 369 (Puerto Valdivia, lower Cauca,
Colombia).

Range: Eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo) and Colombia (Puerto Val-
divia, lower Cauca; "Bogota" collections).*

Genus THAMNISTES Sclater and Salvin.

Thamnistes SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 299 (type Thamnistes
anabatinus SCLATER and SALVIN).

Thamnistes anabatinus anabatinus Sclater and Salvin. TAWNY BUSH
BIRD.

Thamnistes anabatinus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 299 (Choc-
turn, Vera Paz, Guatemala); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 216
(part; Choctum, Cajabon, and Samayoa, Guatemala); SALVIN and GODMAN,
Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 205, pi. 50, fig. i (part; Guatemala).

Thamnistes anabatinus anabatinus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 50,
Part 5, 1911, p. 23 (State of Tabasco, Mexico, Guatemala and British Hon-
duras).

Range: Southeastern Mexico (Tabasco), Guatemala and British
Honduras.

i : Guatemala.

Thamnistes anabatinus saturatus Ridgway. RUSSET BUSH BIRD.

Thamnistes anabatinus saturatus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, 1908,
p. 193 (Bonilla, Costa Rica, 2,600 feet); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6,
1910, p. 605 (Costa Rican localities, habits, etc.); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat.
Mus., No. 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 23 (part; Costa Rica and w. Panama).

Thamnistes anabatinus (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol.
Centr.-Americ., Aves, a, 1892, p. 205 (part; Costa Rica, Chiriqui).

Range: Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriqui).

Thamnistes anabatinus coronatus Nelson* NELSON'S BUSH BIRD.

Thamnistes anabatinus coronatus NELSON, Smithson. Misc. Coll., 60, No. 3,
Sept. 1912, p. 9 ( Cana, 3,500 feet alt., e. Panama); BANGS and BARBOUR,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, No. 6, Sept. 1922, p. 206 (Mt. Sap6, Darien).

Range: Eastern Panama (Calobre, Veragua, Canal Zone, Darien).

Known to the author only from two males at Tring, and one female in the British
Museum, all of the peculiar "Bogota" make.

b Thamnistes anabatinus coronatus NELSON: Similar to T. a. saturatus, but
differs in having the crown dull rufous contrasting with olivaceous brown of back,
and under side of neck and upper breast dull ochraceous buffy, contrasting with the
olivaceous buffy of rest of under parts. This race is unknown to us.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 113

Thamnistes anabatinus intermedius Chapman.* INTERMEDIATE BUSH
BIRD.

Thamnistes anabatinus intermedius CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,

33, 1914, p. 614 (Barbacoas, sw. Colombia); idem, 1. c., 36, 1917, p. 369

(Alto Bonito, Rio Sucio; Barbacoas).
Thamnistes aequatorialis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1861, p. 380 (part; specimen

ex Nanegal, examined by C. E. H.); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862,

p. 176 (part; Nanegal); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 216 (part;

Nanegal).
Thamnistes anabatinus aequatorialis (not of SCLATER) HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9,

1902, p. 611 (Lita and Rio Verde, Prov. Esmeraldas, nw. Ecuador; specimens

in Tring Museum examined).

Range: Tropical zone of western Colombia (from the Rio Sucio
southward) and northwestern Ecuador (Lita, Rio Verde, Prov. Esmer-
aldas; Nanegal, Prov. Pichincha).

Thamnistes anabatinus aequatorialis Sclater. ECUADORIAN BUSH BIRD.

Thamnistes aequatorialis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1861, p. 380 (part; type local-
ity Rio Napo, as designated by Chapman b ); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds,
1862, p. 176 (part; Rio Napo); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 216
(part; Rio Napo, Sarayacu, e. Ecuador); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 36, 1917, p. 369 (La Morelia, se. Colombia).

Range: Eastern (Amazonian) slopes of Andes of Colombia ("Bogo-
ta"; La Morelia, Caquetd region) and Ecuador (Rio Napo, Sarayacu).

*Thamnistes anabatinus rufescens Cabanis. PERUVIAN BUSH BIRD.*

Thamnistes rufescens CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 21, 1873, p. 65 (Monterico,
n. Ayacucho, Peru; descr. o", 9); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874,
p. 530 (Monterico; Amable Maria, Dept. Junin); idem, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884,

Thamnistes anabatinus intermedius CHAPMAN: "Similar to T. a. coronatus,
but upper parts, wings and tail darker, the crown between russet and argus brown
instead of cinnamon brown, and more definitely defined from the back, the back
with a russet tinge, the tail hazel rather than cinnamoeous." (CHAPMAN, 1. c.).
Four specimens from nw. Ecuador (Lita, Rio Verde) differ from T. a. aequatorialis
(one femalefrom Sarayacu, e. Ecuador, two males from "Bogota" examined) by having
the crown more extensively and brighter rufous, without light shaft lines; the back
much more brownish; and the lores and superciliary streak paler, less ochraceous.
C. E. H.

b Although Sclater, in the original description, confused this race with the
w. Ecuadorian T. m. intermedius and did not explicitly designate a type, the name
aequatorialis has, afterwards, been restricted by Chapman to the eastern form.

"Two "Bogotd"- skins differ from an east Ecuadorian specimen by deeper
ochraceous throat and foreneck. C. E. H.

d Thamnistes anabatinus rufescens CABANIS: Differs from T. a. aequatorialis by
having the crown light brownish olive like the back (not rufous), the forehead only
washed with buff, and generally brighter, more ochraceous under parts. Besides
our specimens, I have examined five more from Marcapata and Huaynapata, Dept.
Cuzco, in the Berlepsch Collection. C. E. H.

ii4 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

p. 25 (same localities); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S., Lond., 1896,
p. 381 (La Gloria, Dept. Junin; crit.); idem, Ornis, 13, 1906, p. 116 (Huay-
napata).

Range: Tropical zone of central Peru (depts. Ayacucho, Junin and
Cuzco).

4: Peru (Huachipa).

Genus DYSITHAMNUS Cabanis.

Dysithamnus CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 223 (type by sub. desig.,

Gray, 1855, Myiothera strictothorax TEMMINCK).
Silvestrius BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Paraguay, Jan. 1901, p. 136 (type Thamno-

philus (Silvestrius) flavescens BERTONI = Myothera mentalis TEMMINCK).

Dysithamnus stictothorax (Temminck). SPOT-BREASTED BUSH BIRD.

Myothera strictothorax (typog. error") TEMMINCK, Rec. PL col., livr. 30, Jan.
1823, pi. 179, fig. 1,2 ( = d* , 9 ) ("Bresil," the types in the Vienna Museum,
examined by C. E. H., were obtained by Sellow in the State of Bahia).

Thamnophilus strictothorax WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), p. 1013 (Naza-
reth das Farinhas, near Bahia).

Dysithamnus stictothorax HELLMAYR, Verhandl. Orn. Ges. Bay., 12, No. 2, Feb.
1915, p. 147 (Braco do Sul, near Victoria, Espirito Santo; nomencl., range).

Lanius guttulatus LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dub. Berliner Mus., i823 b , p. 46 (S. Paulo;
descr. cf).

Dasythamnus guttulatus BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 81
(descr. o", 9 ; S. Paulo, Bahia).

Dysithamnus guttulatus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 221 (descr. cf, 9 ;
hab. part; se. Brazil); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 79 (Bahia); CABANIS,
Journ. Ornith., 1874, p. 86 (Cantagallo, Rio); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 220 (descr. d 1 , 9 ; Bahia, se. Brazil); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul.,
3, 1899, p. 238 (Iguap6, S. Paulo); idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 202
(Alto da Serra, Ubatuba, Iguape, S. Paulo; Marianna, Minas Geraes).

Dysithamnus gutturalis (lapsu) JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Can-
tagallo).

Range: Forest region of southeastern Brazil, from southern Bahia
and eastern Minas Geraes to Sao Paulo (Alto da Serra, Ubatuba,
Iguape").

*Dysithamnus mentalis mentalis (Temminck}. OLIVACEOUS BUSH
BIRD.

Myothera mentalis TEMMINCK, Rec. PL col., livr. 30, Jan. 1823, pi. 179, fig. 3
("Bresil"; the type examined in the Vienna Museum was obtained by J.
Natterer at Curytiba, Parana).

a Corrected to stictothorax in the Index (Tableau methodique), vol. I, p. 18.
b The preface is dated "September 1823."

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS CORY. 115

Myiothera poliocephala WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1098
(se. Brazil; see ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., a, 1889, p. 250).

Dasythamnus mentalis BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p . 82
(se. Brazil).

Dysithamnus mentalis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lend., 26, 1858, p. 221 (descr. cf, 9 ;
hab. part; se. Brazil); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 79 (Registo do Sai,
Rio de Janeiro; Curytiba, Parand; Rio Parana, S. Paulo); REINHARDT,
Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 366 (Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes);
CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 1874, P- 86 (Cantagallo, Rio); BERLEPSCH and
JEERING, Zeit. ges. Orn., 2, 1885, p. 150 (Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul;
Laguna, Sta. Catharina); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 221
(se. Brazil); JEERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1899, p. 239 (Iguapg, Tiet6,
S. Paulo); idem, 1. c., 4, 1900, p. 158 (Cantagallo); idem, Annuario Estado
Rio Grande do Sul para 1900, 1899, p. 130 (Taquara do Mundo Novo);
EULER, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 68 (nest and eggs); SALVADORI, Boll.
Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 378, 1900, p. 18 (Tebicuari, Paraguay); OBER-
BOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, 1902, p. 128 (Sapucay, Paraguay);
JEERING and JEERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 202 (Ypiranga, Tiet6,
Itararfi, Avanhandava, Barretos, Bebedouro, Itapura, Bauni, Iguap6,
Alto da Serra, Ubatuba, S. Paulo); CBUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 521 (Sapucay,
Paraguay); DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, 1914, p. 326 (Iguazu, Misiones).

Dysithamnus mentalis mentalis TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916,
p. 536 (monogr., synon.; se. Brazil, Paraguay); HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg.,
85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 87 (descr. 9; range); DABBENE, El Hornero, I,
1919, p. 263 (Puerto Segundo, Misiones).

Thamnophilus [Silvestrius] flavescens BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Paraguay, 1901,
p. 136 (Alto Parana, Paraguay).

Dysithamnus mentalis leucobronchialis CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn.
Ser., i, Aug. 1916, p. 337 (Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro and southern
Minas Geraes (Lagoa Santa, Rio Jordao, Bagagem) to Rio Grande do
Sul, west to the northern boundary of the State of Sao Paulo; Misiones,
northeast Argentina; southern Paraguay (Tebicuari, Sapucay).

13: Brazil (Rio das Velhas near Lagoa Santa, Victoria 4, Sao
Sebastiao i, Faz. Cayod, Sao Paulo 7).

*Dysithamnus mentalis emiliae Hellmayr.* SNETHLAGE'S BUSH BIRD.

Dysithamnus mentalis emiliae HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr.
Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 92 (San Antonio do Prata [type], Flor do

Three adult males from Minas Geraes (i Rio Jordao, June 24, 1901, A. Robert
coll., Tring Museum; i Agua Suja, near Bagagem, O. A. de Carvalho coll., Munich
Museum; i Lagoa Santa, type of D. m. leucobronchialis) appear to be inseparable
from a series obtained in more southern localities, although Cory's type has the
lower throat distinctly washed with yellowish. C. E. H.

b Dysithamnus mentalis emiliae: Male similar to D. m. mentalis but crown much
darker, blackish slate instead of plumbeous; sides of head darker, with the whitish
loral spot barely indicated; back and outer webs pf.remiges duller, grayish olive;
throat, foreneck and chest white, partly clouded with gray, only the middle of the

n6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Prado [Quati-puni], Rio Capim, Para distr., ne. Brazil); SNETHLAGE, Bol.

Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 275 (Peixe-Boi, Quati-Purii, E. F. B.; Rio Guamd.

(Santa Maria do S. Miguel); Rio Tocantins (Mazagao, Bai5o); HELLMAYR,

Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 88 (crit.).
Dysithamnus affinis emiliae TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916, p. 555

(descr. cf , 9 ; Baiao, Rio Tocantins).

Dysithamnus mentalis (errore) GOELDI, Ibis, 1903, p. 499 (Capim River).
Dysithamnus mentalis menialis (err.) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 367

(S. Antonio do Prata, Para distr.).

Range: Northeastern Brazil, in states of Maranhao and Pard, west
to the Tocantins.

2: Brazil (Tury-assu, Maranhao 2).

*Dysithamnus mentalis cumbreanus Hkllmayr and Seilern.* VEN-
EZUELAN BUSH BIRD.

Dysithamnus mentalis cumbreanus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Verhandl. Orn. Ges.

Bayr., 12, Heft 3, July 1915, p. 203 (Las Quiguas, San Esteban Valley, Cara-

bobo, n. Venezuela); HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 88

(crit.; descr. 9; n. Venezuela: Las Quigas; Galipan, Cerro del Avila; San

Esteban; Bermudez [S. Antonio, Caripe]).
Dysithamnus mentalis lateralis TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, Aug.

1916, p. 540 (Guarico, Estado Lara [type]; Las Quiguas, San Esteban, Cara-

bobo; El Hacha, Aroa; Sierra de Carabobo; El Guacharo, Bermudez; excl.

Honda and Tobago).
Dysithamnus semicinereus (not of SCLATER) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,

1868, p. 168 (Caripe), 628 (San Esteban); idem, 1. c., 1875, p. 235 (Merida);

SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 221 (part; spec, u-w; Venezuela);

DALMAS, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, 13, 1900, p. 141 (part; Paria Peninsula).
Dysithamnus mentalis olivaceus (not of TSCHUDI) HELLMAYR and SEILERN,

Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, Sept. 1912, p. 121 (Las Quiguas, Chiquita,

Cumbre de Valencia; Quebrada Secca, Caripe, Bermudez).
Dysithamnus mentalis mentalis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 3, 32 in

text (part; Cumana).

Range : Northern Venezuela, from Bermudez west to states of Cara-
bobo, Falcon, Lara, and Me"rida.
4: Caracas.

abdomen being pale yellow; under wing coverts and quill lining nearly pure white.
It also bears a certain resemblance to D. mentalis affinis, but may be recognized by
the darker, more slaty blackish head, more greenish back, the yeflowish tinge of the
abdomen and the darker greenish olive flanks. The female hardly differs in
coloration from certain females of D. m. olivaceus, but is decidedly smaller.

Wing (male) 59-60, (female) 57; tail 37-40. C. E. H.

Dysithamnus mentalis cumbreanus: Similar to D. mentalis oberi RIDGWAY
from Tobago, but smaller with shorter bill; male with throat and foreneck not pure
white, but decidedly mixed with gray; under parts paler yellow and sides more
strongly shaded with grayish olive; female with grayish olive (less brownish) back,
brownish olive (instead of russet) edges to the wings, paler yellow under parts,
and grayish olive (not buffy brown) auriculars. C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 117

Dysithamnus mentalis andrei Hellmayr.* ANDRE'S BUSH BIRD.

Dysithamnus affinis andrei HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 31 (Caparo,
Trinidad); CHERRIE, Mus. Brcx>kl. Inst., Sci. Bull., i, No. 13, 1908, p. 365
(Carenage, Aripo, Trinidad); BEEBE, Zoologica, i, No. 3, 1909, p. 93 (La
Brea, Orinoco delta) ; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916,
p. 281 (Guanoco, Orinoco delta).

Dysithamnus andrei TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916, p. 556 (part;
Carenage, Aripo, Heights of Orepouche, Santa Emilia Estate, Poole, Caparo,
Princestown, Trinidad; El Callao, Yuruani River, ne. Venezuela; descr.).

Dysithamnus mentalis andrei RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 54,
55, 57 (Trinidad); HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, Abt. A, Heft 10, 1920,
p. 89 (crit.; Trinidad and La Brea, ne. Venezuela).

Dysithamnus mentalis spodionotus (not of SALVIN and GODMAN) CHAPMAN,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 6, 1894, p. 50 (Trinidad; habits).

Range: Trinidad and northeastern Venezuela (La Brea in the
Orinoco delta ; b El Callao, near Guacipati, Rio Yuruani).

*Dysithamnus mentalis oberi Ridgway.* OBER'S BUSH BIRD.

Dysithamnus mentalis oberi RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, 1908, p. 193
(Tobago; descr. o"; type in U. S. Nat. Museum examined by C. E. H.);
HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 88 (crit.; descr. o", 9,
Tobago).

Dysithamnus mentalis andrei HELLMAYR: Male differs from D. m. affinis by its
more purely slate gray back (without any, or with slight olivaceous wash on rump
only) and upper tail coverts, by lacking the whitish streak along lower edge of
auriculars and the olivaceous shade on the flanks, and by having the under tail
coverts nearly pure white (instead of buff or pale brownish) ; from D. m. spodionotus
by its decidedly lighter slate gray upper parts, chest and sides of breast as well as
by the absence of the brownish wash on the flanks. The female may be distinguished
from either of its allies by the decidedly grayish olive dorsal surface, less rufescent
wings, grayish (not buffy brown) sides of head, and much whiter under parts, with
much less buffy suffusion across foreneck and along flanks. D. m. andrei is a strongly
marked race, and Mr. Todd accords it even specific rank; but, as pointed out by
me elsewhere (1920, p. 89), its characters are completely bridged by individual
variation. C. E. H.

b The male from La Brea, kindly forwarded for my inspection by Mr. Beebe,
proves to be indistinguishable from Trinidad examples. C. E. H.

Dysithamnus mentalis oberi: Male easily distinguished from D. m. andrei of
Trinidad and the Orinoco delta, by having the back, down to the upper tail coverts,
dull (grayish) olive green (instead of clear slate gray slightly tinged with olive on
rump only), the breast and abdomen light sulphur yellow (instead of white), and
by lacking the cinereous tinge on sides of body. Female much more brownish above
and with the under parts, posterior to throat, varying from sulphur to maize yellow
(instead of white, clouded with dingy buff on foreneck and chest, passing into buffy
brown along flanks). Besides, D. m. oberi averages larger, the bill especially so.
The Tobago race is more closely related to D, m. cumbreanus, of n. Venezuela, but
besides being slightly larger, differs in the male sex by having the throat and fore-
neck more purely white and the sides of the chest only faintly tinged with olive
while the female has a more brownish olive back, more russet wings and tail, and
somewhat brighter yellow under parts.

u8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Dysithamnus semicinereus (not of SCLATER) CORY, Auk, 10, 1893, p. 220 (Tobago;
one 9 ; examined by C. E. H.); DALMAS, Mern. Soc. Zool. France, 13, 1900,
p. 141 (part; Tobago, one 9, now in Tring Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Dysithamnus andrei (not of HELLMAYR) TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 33,
1916, p. 556 (part; Tobago).

Range: Island of Tobago,
i: Tobago.

Dysithamnus mentalis spodionotus Salvin and Godman.* RORAIMA

BUSH BIRD.
Dysithamnus spodionotus SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1883, p. 211 (Roraima, Brit.

Guiana); SALVIN, 1. c., 1885, p. 424 (Roraima); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,

15, 1890, p. 222 (Roraima); BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i, 1917, p. 132 ("Bar-

tica"); CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 21 (Roraima, Makauria

River).
Dysithamnus affinis spodionotus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 32 (diagn. ;

Roraima) ; TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916, p. 556 (crit. ; Roraima).
Dysithamnus mentalis spodionotus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911,

P- 55. 57 (Roraima); HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 89

(crit.).

Range: Roraima Mountains, British Guiana.

*Dysithamnus mentalis affinis Pelzeln. PELZELN'S BUSH BIRD.

Dysithamnus affinis PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 80, 149 (Villa Maria
[ = S. Luis de Caceres], w. Matto Grosso; types in Vienna Museum exam-
ined by C. E. H.); BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Ornith., 53, 1905,
p. 15 (crit.; descr. o", 9, Matto Grosso); LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12, (2),
1920, p. 93 (Matto Grosso).

Dysithamnus affinis affinis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p.3i (diag.; Villa
Maria, Chapada, Matto Grosso); idem, 1. c., 15, 1908, p. 69 (Faz. Esperanca,
Goyaz; descr. 9); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 203
(Villa Maria, Chapada); TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1906, p. 552
(crit.; Chapada, San Lorenzo River, Matto Grosso).

Adult male, wing 63^-66; tail 42-45; bill 15-16; adult female, wing 60-64;
tail 41-44; bill 14^-15^.

The type, an adult male in worn breeding plumage, is a poor faded skin, and com-
pared with a series of freshly molted specimens taken by S. M. Klages, in December,
1912, at Man o'War Bay, Tobago, looks rather different, being duller, more grayish
above and paler yellowish below. Still, what traces remain of its original coloration,
leave no doubt as to its being referable to the same form. A worn female, also
obtained in May, is likewise much more grayish above than December examples,
and nearly white below. Although it can hardly be distinguished in color from certain
females of D. m. and rei, a faint yellowish tinge on the under parts and its larger bill
render its identification as oberi pretty certain. Fifteen specimens from Tobago
compared with forty -four from Trinidad. C. E. H.

* Dysithamnus mentalis spodionotus SALVIN and GODMAN: While the male is
considerably darker both above and below, the female hardly differs from that of
D, m. affinis by having the back rather darker, more brownish and the pileum of
a slightly deeper tone. C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. up

Dysithamnus mentalis affinis HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920,

p. 90 (crit. ; Matto Grosso, Goyaz) .
Dysithamnus mentalis (not of TEMMINCK) ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,

5, 1893, p. 118 (Chapada, Matto Grosso).
Dysithamnus olivaceus (not of TSCHUDI) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,

p. 222 (part; Chapada); OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Mus., 25, 1902, p. 129

(Chapada; crit.).

Range: Central Brazil, from western Matto Grosso (San Lorenzo
River, San Luis de Caceres) east to southern Goyaz.
4: Brazil (Chapada, Matto Grosso).

*Dysithamnus mentalis olivaceus (Tschudi).* ANDEAN BUSH BIRD.

Thamnophilus olivaceus TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10, (i), 1844, p. 278 (Peru.,
= cf juv., type in Mus. Neuchatel examined by C. E. H.); idem, Faun. Peru,
Aves, 1846, p. 174, pi. n, fig. i ("dstlich der Cordilleren, unter dem 10
S. Breite" [see p. 175], we designate, therefore, Montana de Vitoc, Dept.
Junin as type locality); BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Ornith., 53,
1905, p. 14 (crit. on type).

Dysithamnus olivaceus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 541 (Bolivia; descr.
of a o* in Derby Museum, now in Free Public Museum, Liverpool, England,
examined by C. E. H.) ; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 28 (ex TSCHUDI) ;
BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, Sept. 1906, p. 93 (Idma, Santa Ana),
116 (Huaynapata) ; TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922,
p. 131 (Loma Larga, Santa Marta distr.).

Dysithamnus mentalis olivaceus HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, Abt. A, Heft 10,
1920, p. 90 (crit.; Bogota; Rio Napo, e. Ecuador; Peru, Bolivia) ; idem, Nov.
Zool., 28, 1921, p. 207 (Bolivia).

Thamnophilus mentalis (not TEMMINCK) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn.
Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, 1837, p. 12 (Yungas, Bolivia); D'ORBIGNY,
Voyage, Ois., p. 177 (Yungas); TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10, (i), 1844, p. 278
(Peru); idem, Faun. Per., Aves, 1846. p. 173 (175) (Montanas von Moyo-
bamba).

Dysithamnus mentalis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 221 (part; Peru,
Bolivia); SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1879, p. 624 (Yungas; ex D'ORBIGNY).

Having before me more than one hundred specimens, covering the entire
range from the Andes east of Bogotd down to the Yungas of n. Bolivia, I am unable
to detect constant differences peculiar to any geographic area, although there surely
is a wide amount of individual variation in both sexes. Yet it must be admitted
that, while the majority are not distinguishable from Colombian ones, some females
from Peru and Bolivia have more buffy yellow on the abdomen than any of the num-
erous northern specimens. Two adult males from Bolivia (Omeja, resp. Quebrada
onda) and one from La Gloria, Peru, by the coloration of the upper parts and by
having the entire abdomen, below the olive grayish foreneck, light yellow, closely
approach D. m. mentalis of se. Brazil, and leave no doubt as to the subspecific inter-
relation of the two forms. Four males and three females from near the sources of
the Magdalena River (San Agustin, La Candela, Andalucia), except in averaging
slightly larger, are identical with a series from the e. Colombian Andes (Bogotd
region and Buena Vista above Villavicencio). Pending further material, I am also
inclined to refer to D. m. olivaceus, provisionally at least, two females from El Consuelo
(above Honda, west slope of e. Andes) which F. M. Chapman believed to pertain

120 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Dysithamnus semicinereus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, June 1855, p. 90, pi. 97
( d") ("Bogota"), 147 (Bogota) ; idem, 1. c., 1858, p. 66 (Rio Napo) ; TACZAN-
OWSKI, 1. c., 1874, p. 530 (Amable Maria, Monterico, Paltaypampa) ; idem,
1. c., 1879, p. 232 (Tambillo); idem, 1. c., 1882, p. 30 (Cococho, Huambo,
Chirimoto); idem, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 29 (Peruvian localities); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 221 (part; m-t, Bogota; c'-e', Peru); BER-
LEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 381 (La Gloria, Garita del
Sol, Junin); TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916, p. 545 (part;
Bogota, La Candela, Andalucia, Buena Vista, e. Colombia; Moyobamba,
Peru; Todos Santos, Rio Surutu, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Rio Yapacani,
Bolivia); BANGS and NOBLE, Auk, 35, 1918, p. 452 (Perico, n. Cajamarca,
Peru).

Dysithamnus semicinereus semicinereus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
36, 1917, p. 370 (Buena Vista, e. Andes; La Candela, Andalucia, head of
Magdalena River).

Dysithamnus tambillanus TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 30 (Tambillo,
n. Cajamarca, Peru; two of the original examples in the Berlepsch Collection
examined by C. E. H.); HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920,
p. 91 (Tambillo; crit.).

Dysithamnus subplumbeus (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) TACZANOWSKI and BER-
LEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 99 (Mapoto, e. Ecuador; teste Berlepsch in
litt.).

Dysithamnus mentalis lateralis TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916,
p. 540 (part; Honda).

Dysithamnus mentalis subsp. CHAPMAN, 1. c., 36, 1917, p. 371 (part; two 9
from El Consuelo, above Honda).

Range : Subtropical zone of the Andes in Bolivia, Peru and eastern
Ecuador; eastern Andes and east slope of central Andes of Colombia;
according to W. E. C. Todd, also in the Santa Marta district (Loma
Larga).

17: Peru (Rio Perene* i, Huachipa 9, Vista Alegre 4, Chinchao 2,
Moyobamba i).

to an undescribed race, while W. E. C. Todd identified them as D. m. cumbreanus.
From the last named form, both specimens differ, however, very decidedly by their
much paler under parts and brighter rufous crown. C. E. H.

Since writing about this doubtful form, I have examined in the American
Museum of Natural History, another couple from Zamora, Prov. de Loja, e. Ecua-
dor, which, unquestionably, must be referred to tambillanus. On the lower parts,
the male is an exact duplicate of the topotype from Tambillo, but above it is decidedly
more slaty with only a faint olive wash on the rump, and hardly distinguishable
from some examples of D. m. extremus, notably Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 108,087,
San Antonio, w. Andes. The female resembles that from Tambillo, both being very
similar to the same sex of extremus, but slightly deeper buffy below, with hardly
any white on the throat. An adult male from Perico, east slope of w. Andes north of
Jaen, that is to say, in the same district as Tambillo, does not, however, bear out the
characters of tambillanus. On the contrary, this bird has the throat and an extensive
area in the middle of the belly white, just like average specimens of olivaceus while
on the upper parts, it more nearly agrees with certain males of extremus from the
w. Andes of Colombia. For the present, I am, therefore, not prepared to admit
tambillanus as a valid race. C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 121

*Dysithamnus mentalis aequatorialis Todd.* WEST ECUADORIAN
BUSH BIRD.

Dysithamnus mentalis aequatorialis TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35,
Aug. 1916, p. 539 (Zaruma, Prov. del Oro, sw. Ecuador); HELLMAYR, Arch.
Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 93 (crit.).

Dysithamnus mentalis (?) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 67 (Pallatanga).
Dysithamnus olivaceus (?) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 89 (Nanegal).

Dysithamnus semicinereus (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 278
(Babahoyo); BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1883, p. 564 (Chimbo);
idem, 1. c., 1884, p. 302 (Chimbo); HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 492
(Chimbo); SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899,
p. 28 (Vinces, Balzar, Rio Peripa, Gualea); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 64
("Pichincha"=Mindo; specimen in Tring Museum examined by C. E. H.);
MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. geogr. Mes. Arc. Mend. Equat., 9, 1911, p. B 32
(Gualea); TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916, p. 545 (part; Bucay,
Guayas; Gualea; Rio Chanchan and Rio Chiguancay Junction; Esmeraldas;
Rio de Oro, Chone, Manavi; Santa Rosa, Prov. del Oro).

Range: Western Ecuador, from Esmeraldas to Santa Rosa and
Zaruma, Prov. del Oro.

i: Ecuador (Chimbo i).

Dysithamnus mentalis aequatorialis TODD: Male similar to D. m. septentrionalis
and of about the same size or somewhat smaller, but throat and chest generally
more purely white, less clouded with grayish; female more closely resembling D. m.
cumbreanus, but distinguishable by its lighter, more olivaceous (less grayish) back
and paler rufous crown.

Although widely separated, geographically, by the very different races D. m. extre-
mus and D. m. suffusus occupying the intervening parts of Colombia and Panama,
I am unable to present a more satisfactory diagnosis for distinguishing D. m. aequa-
torialis from the Central American D. m. septentrionalis, owing to its extreme vari-
ability. Two males from Zaruma (the type locality), one (out of two) from Puente
de Chimbo, and one from Rio de Oro, Manavi, have the throat and chest nearly
pure white, much clearer than in septentrionalis, while the remainder of the lower
surface is about the same light yellow. In two other examples from Rio de Oro,
the anterior under parts are conspicuously clouded with gray, exactly as in septen-
trionalis, while the yellow below is more restricted to the abdomen. Two males from
Esmeraldas, with still less yellow underneath, closely resemble certain males of oliva-
ceus, from e. Colombia, but are considerably smaller. A second male from Chimbo
and one from Santa Rosa, Prov. del Oro, are even darker, having the foreneck and
chest mainly slaty grayish, the middle of the breast white, the anal region very pale
yellowish, and the flanks faintly washed with olive. The females, too, show much
individual variation, one from Santa Rosa being particularly noticeable on account
of its deep coloration below, almost matching some light colored examples of
D. m. suffusus.

After closely studying twenty-five birds from w. Ecuador, we cannot at all fol-
low Mr. Todd in separating, specifically, the Zaruma specimens from the rest of the
series. In our opinion, all pertain to a single form, variable in its characters like
the other races of the group. All birds from w. Ecuador agree among themselves in
their relatively small size, as compared to D. m. olivaceus of e. Colombia, Peru,
and n. Bolivia. The length of the wing generally varies between 56 and 60, attain-
ing 6 1 in two cases, and 62 only once. C. E. H.

122 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Dysithamnus mentalis extremus Todd.* WEST COLOMBIAN BUSH
BIRD.

Dysithamnus extremus TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, Aug. 1916, p. 549
(Salencio, e. slope of w. Andes, Colombia).

Dysithamnus semicinereus (not of SCLATER) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1879, p. 525 (Concordia, Antioquia).

Dysithamnus semicinereus extremus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
36, 1917, p. 370 (Salencio, Rio Frio, west of Cartago, e. slope of w. Andes;
Las Lomitas, San Antonio, w. slope of w. Andes; Miraflores (east of Pal-
mira) and Salento, w. slope of c. Andes, Colombia).

Dysithamnus mentalis extremus HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 8$, A, Heft 10,
1920, p. 93 (crit.; Primavera, S. Isidro, Pueblo Rico, w. Andes).

Range : Western Andes and west slope of central Andes of Colombia.

Dysithamnus mentalis suffusus Nelson. b PANAMA BUSH BIRD.

Dysithamnus mentalis suffusus NELSON, Smithson. Misc. Coll., 60, No. 13,
1912, p. 10 (Mount Pirri, e. Panama); TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
35, 1916, p. 542 (Mt. Pirri, Tacarcuna, e. slope of Mt. Tacarcuna, e. Pan-
ama; crit.).

Dysithamnus mentalis extremus TODD : Male differs from D. m. olivaceus in having
the dorsal surface from the forehead to the upper tail coverts, including the edges
of the remiges and rectrices uniform slate gray with only, sometimes, a slight olive
wash on the lower rump; in the olivaceous suffusion on the flanks being either wholly
absent or but slightly indicated; finally by the whitish instead of pale yellow under
tail coverts. 1 The female may be recognized by the darker buff y olive or buffy brownish
color on foreneck, chest and sides, nearly pure white (instead of pale yellow) abdom-
inal area, and buffy (instead of light yellow) under tail coverts.

Thanks to the courtesy of Dr. F. M. Chapman, I have had an opportunity of
inspecting the entire series which formed the basis of his own and Mr. W. E. C. Todd's
accounts in their respective papers quoted above. Birds from the western and
eastern slopes of the w. Andes show the racial characters of extremus quite well
marked in both sexes, though one or two males from Peru run very close, differing
only by their more greenish edges to the wing and tail feathers. Seven specimens from
the western slope of the c. Andes (Salento; Miraflores, east of Palmira) are inter-
grades between extremus and olivaceus. One male (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 1 1 1,884
Salento) and two females (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 111,885 Salento, 108,918, east
of Palmira) are exact duplicates of extremus, the male lacking every trace of olive
in its plumage, while the females exhibit the characteristic buffy coloration of the
under parts without any yellow on the abdomen. Three males and one female
from Miraflores (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 108,915-17, io8,9i9-bis), however,
cannot be separated from the average type of olivaceus, as represented by specimens
from La Candela and Villavicencio.

Mr. Todd's assumption that these green backed males with pale yellow anal region
are "immature" is clearly disproved by the coloration of their wings (see my remarks
about the sequence of plumages and molt of the D. m. mentalis group in Arch.
Naturg., 8$, A, Heft 10, p. 86-87). The fact is this: Birds from the western slope of
the c, Andes, by their great individual variation, form the transition to olivaceus,
and in referring them to the western rather than the eastern race, I have been led
by the consideration that specimens of the extremus type are apparently never
found in the Magdalena Valley or on the slopes of the e. Andes of Colombia. C. E. H.

b Dysithamnus mentalis suffusus NELSON: Similar to D. m. septentrionalis, but
male more deeply colored below with the yellow extending well up to the chest, and
the flanks darker, brownish rather than greenish olive; female with darker, more
brownish olive chest and sides of body. Ten specimens examined by C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 123

Dysithamnus semicinereus TODD, 1. c., p. 545, 549 (part; La Frijolera, lower

Cauca)."
Dysithamnus mentalis subsp. CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917,

p. 371 (part; La Frijolera).'

Range: Eastern Panama (Mt. Pirri, Tacarcuna), extending east,
apparently, to the lower Cauca (La Frijolera) in northern Colombia."

*Dysithamnus mentalis septentrionalis Ridgway. NORTHERN BUSH

BIRD.

Dysithamnus mentalis septentrionalis RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., ax,
1908, p. 193 (Choctura, Vera Paz, Guatemala); idem, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50,
Part 5, 1911, p. 55 (monogr. ; excl. South American references and localities);
TODD, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916, p. 542 (monogr., synon.;
Guatemala to Panama).

Dysithamnus semicinereus (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 221 (part; spec, a-k, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Veragua).

Range: Guatemala; Costa Rica; western Panama (Chiriqui, Vera-
gua, Cana).

7 : Costa Rica (Guayabo 5 ; head of Rio Platanar i) ; Veragua i.

Dysithamnus puncticeps puncticeps Salvin. SPOTTED-CROWNED BUSH
BIRD.

Dysithamnus puncticeps SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 72 (Santiago de Vera-
gua, w. Panama; types in British Museum examined by C. E. H.); idem,
1. c., 1867, p. 144 (same locality); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 223 (Veragua); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, a,
1892, p. 207, pi. 50, fig. 2, 3 (Veragua); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., No. 50,
Part 5, 1911, p. 58 (Santiago de Veragua; San Jos6, Pacuare, Rio Sicsola,
Costa Rica).

Dysithamnus puncticeps puncticeps CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
I 9 I 7. P- 372 (Baudo, La Vieja, Novita, Choc6; Alto Bonito, Rio Sucio;
Puerto Valdivia, lower Cauca); BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 65, No. 6, 1922, p. 206 (Mt. Sapo, Darien).

Range: Costa Rica b ; Panama (Veragua, Darien), ranging south to
western Colombia (valleys of the Atrato and San Juan rivers; Puerto
Valdivia, on the lower Cauca ).

The couple from La Frijolera referred by W. E. C. Todd to D. semicinereus
( = D, m. olivaceus) and by F. M. Chapman to a supposedly undescribed race, is
now before me. The male differs indeed, very markedly, from olivaceus of e. Col-
ombia, by the brighter yellow color of the abdomen being extended over the posterior
portion of the breast, but I am unable to separate it from the lightest example of
su/usus (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 135,638, eastern slope of Mt. Tacaicuna),
while the female appears to me indistinguishable from Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., No.
1351623, Tacarcuna. For the present, I see no reason why the birds found on the
lower Cauca should not be assigned to suffusus, although I admit that the examination
of additional material is desirable -C. E. H.

b According to R. Ridgway. No specimens from Costa Rica seen by C. E. H.

According to F. M. Chapman, Colombian specimens are more or less inter-
mediate to D. p. flemmingi, but as a whole, nearer the typical race.

124 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Dysithamnus puncticeps flemmingi Hartert.* SOUTHERN SPOTTED-
CROWNED BUSH BIRD.

Dysithamnus flemmingi HARTERT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. f n, Dec. 1900, p. 38 (Rio
Verde, Cachyjacu, Lita, Cachavi, Prov. Esmeraldas, nw. Ecuador; type from
Rio Verde in Tring Museum examined by C. E. H.); idem, Nov. Zool., 9,
1902, p. 6n (Rio Verde, Ventana, Bulun, Lita, Cachyjacu); MENEGAUX,
Miss. Serv. gebgr. Mes. Arc. Merid. Equat., 9, 1911, p. B 32 (Santo Domingo,
w. Ecuador; specimens in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Dysithamnus puncticeps flemmingi CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36.
1917, p. 372 (Barbacoas, sw. Colombia).

Dysithamnus spec. HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 492 (Cachavi, nw. Ecua-
dor; 9 in Tring Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Southwestern Colombia (Barbacoas) and western Ecuador
(from Esmeraldas south to Santo Domingo).

*Dysithamnus striaticeps Lawrence* STREAKED-CROWNED BUSH
BIRD.

Dysithamnus striaticeps LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. f 8, 1867, p. 130
(Angostura, Costa Rica); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 223
("Valza" = La Balsa, Costa Rica); SAL VIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ.,
Aves, a, 1892, p. 208 (Costa Rica); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910,
p. 606 (Costa Rica; habits, nest and eggs); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50,
Part 5, 1911, p. 59 (Costa Rica).

Range: Caribbean foothills of Costa Rica,
i: Costa Rica (Siguirres).

Dysithamnus xanthopterus (Burmeister).* RUFOUS-BACKED BUSH
BIRD.

Dasythamnus xanthopterus BURMEISTER, Syst. tlbers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 81
(Novo Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro; descr. 9, type in Halle Museum examined
by C. E. H.).

Dysithamnus puncticeps flemmingi HARTERT: Male differs from D. p. puncticeps
by lacking the white spots on the upper part of the head, the crown being slate
gray, more or less streaked with black; by having the back and edges to the wings
conspicuously tinged with olive; and by the chest being gray (instead of white),
with narrower, less strongly denned dark shaft stripes. Wing, 58-59; tail, 37-38.
Female distinguishable by the much smaller buff apical spots to the upper wing
coverts and by the dusky stripes on the foreneck being barely apparent. Wing 57-59 ;
tail 35-40. Nine specimens of both sexes from Ecuador compared with three from
Veragua, including the types. C. E. H.

b I was inclined to consider this "species" a geographical representative of the
preceding, but according to R. Ridgway, D. striaticeps and D. p. puncticeps are
found together in certain localities of Costa Rica, e, g. on the Rio Sicsola. C. E. H.

This rare species is hardly congeneric with D. stictothorax and D. mentalis.
In addition to its aberrant style of coloration, it differs by a stronger bill and pro-
portionately much longer tail, nearly equal to length of wing. I have examined the
type (female) at Halle and an adult male from Rio in the Tring Museum. C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS CORY. 125

Dysithamnus xanthopterus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, 1857, P- 132 (descr.
o", 9; se. Brazil); idem, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 222 (same); idem, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 223 (se. Brazil); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 158
(Novo Friburgo); idem, 1. c., 5, 1902, p. 275 (Alto da Serra, S. Paulo); idem,
Cat. Faun. Braz., x, 1907, p. 203 (same locality).

Range : Southeastern Brazil, in states of Rio de Janeiro (Novo Fri-
burgo) and Sao Paulo (Alto da Serra).

*Dysithamnus ardesiacus ft ardesiacus Sclater and Salving GRAY-
THROATED ANT SHRIKE.

Dysithamnus ardesiacus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 756 (new
name for D. schistaceus SCLATER (not of D'ORBIGNY), P. Z. S. Lond., 26,
1858, p. 66: Rio Napo, e. Ecuador); idem, 1. c., p. 750 (Chyavetas, n. Peru;
i 9); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 274 (Chyavetas, Chamicuros, n. Peru); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 225 (part; spec, o, Chyavetas, p-t, Rio Napo);
SALVA>ORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, P- 29 (Rio
Santiago, e. Ecuador; specimen examined); JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i,
^o?. P' 4*4 (range excl. Guyana); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914,
p. 277 (part; Amazonia, Ecuador).

Dysithamnus ardesiacus ardesiacus HELLMAYR, Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesells. Wien,
53f i9<>3. P- 215, 216 (crit.; diag. cf, ex Yurimaguas; e. Ecuador, ne. Peru);
idem, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 63 (Teffg, Rio Solimoes); CHAPMAN, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 373 (La Morelia, Florencia, se. Col-
ombia; specimens examined).

Thamnophilus shistaceus (sic) (not of D'ORBIGNY) LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool.,
7, 1844, p. 83 ("Bogota"; diag. o").

Thamnophilus schistaceus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 148 ("Bogota";
ex LAFRESNAYE).

Hypocnemis melanopogon (errore) TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 70 (part;
descr. d", 9 et hab. Yurimaguas; one d" 1 , marked by Taczanowski, in the
Berlepsch Collection examined).

Range: Upper Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia (Caquetd
district; Cuembi, Rio Putumayo) through eastern Ecuador south to

This species referred to either Dysithamnus or Thamnophilus appears to deserve
generic separation by reason of several structural characters. Certainly out of place
in the genus Thamnophilus, it is here, provisionally, assigned to Dysithamnus.

b Dysithamnus ardesiacus ardesiacus SCLATER and SALVIN: Interscapular feathers
without any, or with very little white, at the extreme base; throat (in adult male)
either plumbeous, like the rest of the under parts, or the black confined to the base,
more or less concealed by the slate gray apical portions of the feathers. Wing (i i o" d",
999), 70-74; tail 47-53; bill 16-17.

Eight specimens from Puerto Bermudez, one male each from Cuembi (se. Col-
ombia) and Yurimaguas, and a pair from Teff6, show no trace of white on theback,
while another male from Teff 6, four skins from the Caquetd region (se. Colo mbia)
and one male from Rio Santiago, e. Ecuador, have a small white interscapular patch
like D. a. obidensis. The color of the throat varies in males from the same locality,
but is never solidly black as in obidensis. C. E. H.

126 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

northern and central Peru (Yurimaguas, Chyavetas, Chamicuros;
Puerto Bermudez, Rio Pichis), and northwestern Brazil (Teffe", Rio
Solimoes).

8: Peru (Puerto Bermudez, Rio Pichis).

*Dysithamnus ardesiacus saturninus (Pelzeln).* SATURNINE ANT
SHRIKE.

Thamnophilus saturninus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 77, 147 (part;
types from Borba, Rio Madeira, as designated by Hellmayr, Verb. Zool.
Bot. Ges. Wien, 53, 1903, p. 216, in text; types in Vienna Museum examined).

Dysithamnus ardesiacus saturninus HELLMAYR, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 53,
i9O3i P- 2I 5i 216 (crit.; part, Borba, Rio Madeira); idem, Nov. Zool., 14,
1907. P- 371 (part; Borba); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 343 (Calama, Allianca,
Rio Madeira; Maroins, Rio Machados); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6,
i95 P- 439 (Rio Jurud; spec, in Museu Paulista examined); SNETHLAGE,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 277 (Villa Braga, Boim, R. Tapajoz).

Dysithamnus ardesiacus suturninus (sic) JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907,
p. 203 (part; Borba, Rio Jurud).

(?) Dysithamnus ardesiacus (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 225 (part; spec, k-n, Iquitos).

(?) Cercomacra huallagae CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Orn. Ser., i, Aug.
1916, p. 338 (Lagunas, lower Huallaga, n. Peru).

Range: Northern Brazil, on the Jurud and Rio Madeira, east to the
left bank of the Tapajoz (Boim, Villa Braga) ; ( ?) northeastern Peru
(Nauta and Iquitos, R. Maranon; Lagunas, lower Huallaga.)

2: Peru (Lagunas, types of C. huallagae).

Dysithamnus ardesiacus obidensis Snethlage. b NORTHERN SLATY

ANT SHRIKE.

Dysithamnus ardesiacus obidensis SNETHLAGE, Ornith. Monatsber., 22, 1914,
p. 40 (Obidos, north bank of lower Amazon, n. Brazil).

Dysithamnus ardesiacus saturninus (PELZELN) : Differs from typical ardesiacus
by the possession of a large white interscapular patch, and by the male having the
entire throat and middle of foreneck solidly deep black, forming a large gular area
in strong contrast to the plumbeous of the abdomen; female with wing coverts and
outer webs of remiges much more russet brown. Size larger. Wing (two o" d* ad.)
75-80, (four 9 9 ad.) 73-79; tail 58-63; bill 17-19. Ten specimens from the Rio
Madeira (including four from the type locality) and two from the Rio Jurud are
readily distinguishable from ardesiacus by the large white interscapular patch, their
larger size, the deep black color of the throat in the males, and the brighter, more russet
wings of the females. The types of Cercomacra huallagae as well as a couple (the male
not quite adult) from Nauta, R. Maranon (Berlepsch Collection), agree in every
respect with those from the Rio Madeira, and are very different from ardesiacus
which we would have expected to find in ne. Peru! Unless they represent the extreme
of individual variation in ardesiacus, I am unable to explain this singular distribu-
tion, the area occupied by saturninus in n. Peru being surrounded by ardesiacus
and entirely cut off from the Jurua and Madeira region! C. E. H.

b Dysithamnus ardesiacus obidensis SNETHLAGE: Resembles D. a. ardesiacus in
having very little or no white at all at the base of the interscapular feathers; but the
throat (and middle of the foreneck) in the male is solidly black, forming a large

1 924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 127

Thamnophilus saturninus (not of PELZELN) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 77,
147 (part; Serra Carauman, Rio Branco; Cayenne; spec, in Vienna Museum
examined).

Dysithamnus ardesiacus (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 424
(Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Merum6 Mts., Brit. Guiana); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 225 (part; descr. d", 9 et spec, a-j, Camacusa,
Bartica, Merume, R. Takutu, Roraima, Brit. Guiana; Oyapoc); BERLEPSCH
and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 71 (Suapure, La Pricion, Nicare,
La Union, Caura R.); PENARD, Vog. Guyana, 2, 1910, p. 308 (Surinam;
descr. eggs).

Dysithamnus ardesiacus saturninus (not of PELZELN) HELLMAYR, Verb. Zool.
Bot. Ges. Wien, 53, 1903, p. 216 (part; Serra Carauman, Rio Branco; Cay-
enne, Brit. Guiana; Caura River, Venez.); JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i,
I 97. P- 203 (part; Rio Branco, Cayenne, Venezuela); HELLMAYR, Nov.
Zool., 14, 1907, p. 371 (part; Caura River; Cayenne; Brit. Guiana; Serra
Carauman, Rio Branco); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 153 (Ipousin,
Rio Approuague; Cayenne, Oyapoc); BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 62, 1918, p. 67 (Lelydorp, Surinam); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst.,
Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 280 (Caura R.); BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i, 1917, p. 132
(Bartica).

Dysithamnus saturninus CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 23 (Brit. Guiana).

Dysithamnus ardesiacus consp. nov. SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914,
p. 278 (Obidos; St. Antonio do Cachoeira, Rio Jary).

Range: Northern Brazil, north of the Amazon (Rio Jary, Obidos,
Rio Branco); French, Dutch and British Guiana; eastern Venezuela
(Rio Yuruan and Caura River).

Dysithamnus plumbeus a plumbeus (Wied). b PLUMBEOUS ANT SHRIKE.

Myiothera plumbea WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1080 (se. Brazil,
no locality specified; descr. o 71 ).

Dysithamnus plumbeus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 222 (se. Brazil;
descr. o"); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 178 (part; spec, a, b,
Brazil ( = "Rio" skins), examined in Brit. Mus.); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 226 (part; spec, a, b "Brazil" = Rio) ; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus.

gular patch, and the dimensions are less, especially the tail decidedly shorter.
Wing (21 o"o") 71-74, rarely 75-76, (n 9 9) 69-74; tail 48-54; bill 16-18. Exam-
ined: i Rio Branco, 18 French Guiana, 5 British Guiana, 19 Caura River, 3 Rio
Yuruan, Venezuela. C. E. H.

The Dysithamnus plumbeus group appears to be congeneric with D. ardesiacus,
being very similar in proportions, shape of bill, and general style of coloration in the
male sex, which differs principally by having the campterium and distinct apical
margins to the upper wing coverts white. The females are, however, of very different
coloration. C. E. H.

b Dysithamnus plumbeus plumbeus (WiEo) : The female of this exceedingly rare
form is dull brownish olive above; a broad stripe along campterium white; lesser
upper wing coverts with very distinct pure white, the remaining ones with narrower,
dingy white apical margins; sides of head olive gray streaked with whitish; throat
dull white; rest of under parts brownish gray, paler in the middle, more buffy brown
on flanks. Wing (four o* o") 73-77, (two 9 9)7iX; tail 45-50; bill 16-17. C. E. H.

iz8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 250 (note on type in American Museum); HARTERT,
Kat. Vogels. Senckenberg. Mus. Frankfurt, 1892, p. in, note 201 (Brazil;
descr. 9 ad., spec, examined); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., j,
I 97. P- 203 (part; Bahia, Porto Cachoeiro, Espirito Santo).
Dysithamnus plumbeus plumbeus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78,
A, Heft 5, Sept. 1912, p. 124 (diag. d", 9 ; range); HELLMAYR, Verhandl.
Orn. Ges. Bay., 12, No. 2, Feb. 1915, p. 146 (Porto Cachoeiro, Esp. Santo;
descr. 9 ; Bahia, Rio, Esp. Santo).

Range : Wood region of southeastern Brazil, from Bahia to Espirito
Santo and Rio de Janeiro.

Dysithamnus plumbeus tucuyensis Hartert.* VENEZUELAN ANT SHRIKE.

Dysithamnus tucuyensis HARTERT, Nov. Zool., i, 1894, p. 674, pi. 15, fig. i

(Bucarito, near Tocuyo, nw. Venezuela; type [= d" imm.] in Tring Museum

examined).
Dysithamnus plumbeus (not of WIED) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,

p. 226 (part; spec, d, San Esteban, Venezuela, examined in Brit. Mus.).
Dysithamnus plumbeus tucuyensis HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78,

A, Heft 5, Sept. 1912, p. 122 (Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo; crit. ; descr. 9 ) f

124 (range).

Range: Northwestern Venezuela, coast ranges in Dept. Federal
Occidental (Cerro del Avila, Silla de Caracas) and State of Carabobo
(Cumbre de Valencia), and mountains near Bucarito (Tocuyo), State
of Lara.

Dysithamnus plumbeus leucostictus Sclater. WHITE-SPOTTED ANT
SHRIKE.

Dysithamnus leucostictus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 66, 223, pi. 140
(Rio Napo, e. Ecuador; descr. 9 ad.); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862,
p. 177 (Rio Napo); TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond,, 1885,
p. 99 (Machay, e. Ecuador; descr. cT); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 224 (Rio Napo; descr. 9); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 64 (Baeza,
e. Ecuador; spec, examined); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
I 9 1 7 P- 372 (Buena Vista, se. Colombia).

Dysithamnus plumbeus leucostictus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78,
A, Heft 5, 1912, p. 123, 124 (El Topo, Rio Pastaza; Machay, Baeza, e. Ecua-
dor; crit.).

Range: Southeastern Colombia (Buena Vista) and eastern Ecua-
dor (Rio Napo, Rio Pastaza, Baeza, Machay, Rio Zamora).

Dysithamnus plumbeus tucuyensis HARTERT: Male hardly differing from plumbeus
by slightly smaller size, slenderer bill, and by having narrow white apical margins
to the lateral tail feathers; female closely resembling that of D. p. leucostictus, but
crown lighter cinnamon rufous, back and wings paler as well as more olivaceous,
edges to feathers of throat and fpreneck ashy or slate gray (instead of blackish), and
under tail coverts brownish (instead of gray). Wing (six o" o") 69-73, (eleven
9 9) 67-72: tail (c?) 49-52, (9) 46-50; bill 16-17. C -E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 129

Genus THAMNOMANES Cabanis.

Thamnomanes CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 230 (type by subs, desig.,
Gray, 1855, Muscicapa caesia "LICHTENSTEIN")-

Thamnomanes caesius caesius (Temminck). SLATY BUSH BIRD.

Muscicapa caesia TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., livr. 3, Oct. 1820, pi. 17, fig. i (o*),

2(9) (based on specimens obtained by Prince Wied-Neuwied in e. Brazil,

viz. Prov. Bahia; see ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 250);

WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 826 (Iritiba River, Villa Nova de

Benevente, State of Espirito Santo; Sertao of Bahia).
Lanius caesius LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 46 (descr.

d", 9 ; hab. part; Brazil).
Thamnomanes caesius SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 223 (part; se. Brazil;

descr. d", 9); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, 1862, p. 178 (Brazil); PELZELN,

Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 80 (part; spec, collected by Kammerlacher [in Prov.

Bahia], examined by C. E. H.); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2,

1889, p. 250 (type in American Museum, from Prov. Bahia); SCLATER, Cat.

B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 227 (Bahia); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun.

Braz., i, 1907, p. 204 (part; Macah6, state Rio de Janeiro; Rio Doce, Esp.

Santo).
Thamnomanes caesius caesius HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 368 (part;

Bahia, Espirito Santo); idem, 1. c., 14, 1907, p. 64 (diagn.; Bahia; Rio Iritiba

and Villa Nova de Benevente, Esp. Santo).

Range: Wooded region of southeastern Brazil, from Bahia to Espirito
Santo and Rio de Janeiro (Macahe").

*Thamnomanes caesius hoffmannsi Hellmayr.* HOFFMANNS'S SLATY
BUSH BIRD.

Thamnomanes caesius hoffmannsi HELLMAYR, Bull. B.O.Club, 16, 1906, p. 53 (San
Antonio do Prata.e. of Para) :idem,l. c., 13, 1906^.367 (S.Antonio) ;SNETHLAGE,
Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 284 (Pard, S. Antonio, Rio Capim, Rio Guama);
HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 65 (diag.; Pard district); JHERING and
JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 204 (Igarape-Assu, Para) ; SNETHLAGE,
Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 531 (Arumatheua, R. Tocantins); HELLMAYR,
Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 44 (Peixe-
Boi, Ipitinga), 92 (Para, Igarap6-Assu, San Antonio, Peixe-Boi, Guama,
Capim); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 278 (Para, Mocajatuba,
Providencia, Ananindeuba, Apehu, S. Isabel, Peixe-Boi, S. Antonio; R. Guamd
(Santa Maria do S. Miguel); R. Capim (Resacca); Arumatheua, Cametd,
Baiao, Rio Tocantins).

Thamnomanes hoffmannsi SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 61, 1913, p. 509 (right bank
of Xingu).

Thamnomanes caesius hoffmannsi HELLMAYR: Male agreeing with T. c. caesius
in absence of white interscapular blotch, but general coloration much lighter, clear
plumbeous; throat variegated with white, auriculars narrowly streaked with the
same; edge of wing, axillaries and under wing coverts white. Female exactly like
that of T. c. caesius, having a large semi-concealed white interscapular blotch.
Wing (cf) 69-71, (9) 67-72; tail (<f) 60-63, (9) 60-65; bill 16-17. C. E. H.

130 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnomanes caesius (not of TEMMINCK) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905,

p. 285 (Igarapd-Assu; descr. 9).
Thamnomanes glaucus (not of CABANIS) SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907,

p. 284 (two 9 9 from Para and Rio Guama in Goeldi Museum examined by

C. E. H.).

Range: Northeastern Brazil, Para district, ranging westward to the
right bank of the Rio Xingu (fide Snethlage) , and adjoining parts of
Maranhao.

5: Brazil (Tury-assu, Maranhao 5).

Thamnomanes caesius persimilis Hellmayr. b AMAZONIAN SLATY BUSH
BIRD.

Thamnomanes caesius persimilis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 64, 65
(Tefi, Rio SolimoSs, nw. Brazil) ; JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz. ,
i, 1907, p. 414 (Teff6); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 371 (Humaytha,
Rio Madeira; Rio Jurud); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 343 (Calama, Maroins,
Rio Machados; Salto do Girao, R. Madeira; Rio Jurud; range excl. Tocan-
tins); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 279 (Victoria, Rio Xingu;
Santarem, Boim, Villa Braga, Bella Vista, Rio Tapaj6z; Santa Elena, Rio
Jamauchim).

Thamnomanes caesius (not of TEMMINCK) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 80
(part; Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira; o" examined by C. E. H.); JHERING,
Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 440 (Rio Jurua; o* examined by C. E. H.);
idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 204 (part; Rio Jurud).

Thamnomanes caesius caesius HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool. 13, 1906, p. 368 (part ;
Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira; Rio Jurud).

Thamnomanes caesius glaucus (not of CABANIS) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14,
1907, p. 17 (one 9 ; Itaituba, R. Tapaj6z).

Thamnomanes caesius ho/mannsi (not of HELLMAYR) SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith.,
56, 1908, p. 510 (Bella Vista, Villa Braga, R. Tapaj6z).

Thamnomanes persimilis SNETHLAGE, 1. c., 61, 1913, p. 509 (left bank of the
Xingu River).

Range: Western and northern Brazil, from the Rio Solimoes (Teffe")
and the Rio Jurud south to the Rio Madeira and its affluent, the Rio
Machados, east to the left bank of the Rio Xingu.

No specimens from the Rio Xingu examined by me. Birds from the Rio Tocan-
tins are identical with Pard examples. Their identification by Miss Snethlage, as
recorded in Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 344 in text, thus requires correction. C. E. H.

b Thamnomanes caesius persimilis HELLMAYR: Male much like T. c. hoffmannsi,
but somewhat darker plumbeous (though much lighter, less slaty than T. c. caesius),
the auriculars without white streaks, edge of wing slate gray, and throat not mottled
with whitish. Female at once distinguishable from caesius and hoffmannsi by having
the breast and abdomen much deeper tawny or ferruginous, throat and foreneck
alone being pale brownish mixed with buff. It closely resembles the female of T. c.
glaucus, from which it only differs by the deeper buff mottling of the throat. Wing
(c?) 70-76, (9) 70-72; tail (o*) 61-65, (9) 61-65; bill 16-17. C. E. H.

No specimens from the Xingu or the right bank of the Tapaj6z seen. One male
and two females obtained by W. Hoffmanns and E. Snethlage on the left bank of
the latter river, at Villa Braga and Itaituba, are practically identical with those from
more western localities. C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 131

"Thamnomanes caesius glaucus Cabanis.* GUIANAN SLATY BUSH
BIRD.

Thamnomancs glaucus CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, (i), 1847, p. 230 (Cayenne;
descr. cf); idem, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, 1848, p. 688 (Cay-
enne); SCLATER, P, Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 223 (descr., o", 9 ; Cayenne, Rio
Napo); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 178 (Rio Napo); PELZELN, Orn.
Bras., 2, 1868, p. 80 (Marabitanas, Rio Icanna, Barcellos, Manaos, Rio
Negro; Cayenne); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 424 (Bartica Grove, Camacusa,
Brit. Guiana); W. SCLATER, 1. c., 1887, p. 318 (Maccassema, Brit. Guiana);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 227 (Brit. Guiana; Maroni R. f
Surinam; Oyapoc, Cayenne; Iquitos, Xeberos, Chamicuros, Ucayali, Peru;
Sarayacu, Rio Napo, e. Ecuador; Bogota); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov.
Zool., 9, 1902, p. 71 (Munduapo, Bichaco, Nericagua, Orinoco R., Suapure,
La Pricion, Nicare, La Union, Caura R.); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 64
Coca, Rio Napo); MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, 1904, p. 175 (S. Jean du
Maroni, Rio Lunier, French Guiana); idem, 1. c., 14, 1908, p. 12 (French
Guiana) ; BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 154 (Ipousin, Rio Approuague),
319 (S. Jean du Maroni, Rio Lunier); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8,
1914, p. 279 (Obidos; Rio Jary [S. Antonio da Cachoeira]); CHERRIE, Mus.
Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 281 (Falls of Maipures and beyond,
Orinoco R.; La Union, Suapure, Caura R.); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 373 (La Morelia, Florencia, se. Colombia); BANGS
and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, No. 2, 1918, p. 67 (Lelydorp,
Surinam); CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 25 (Brit. Guiana).

Thamnomanes glaucust SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 67 (Rio Napo).

Thamnomanes caesius glaucus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 368 (range,
excl. Yuracares, n. Bolivia); idem, 1. c., 14, 1907, p. 65 (diagn., Guianas,
Venezuela; Rio Negro; e. Ecuador; ne. Peru; "Bogota"; excl. Yuracares,
n. Bolivia); JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 204 (range,
excl. Bolivia); BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i, 1907, p. 132 (Bartica), 227 (nest-
ing habits).

Thamnistes affinis SALVADOR:, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 7, 1864, p. 154 (locality
unknown, descr. 9 ; see SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 175,
Note).

Range: The Guianas; Orinoco-Caura region, Venezuela; northern
Brazil (Rio Negro, Rio Branco, south to north bank of lower Amazon:
Rio Jamundi, Obidos); eastern Colombia; eastern Ecuador. b

2: Brazil (Conceigao, Rio Branco i; lower Rio Branco i).

Thamnomanes caesius glaucus CABANIS: Male similar to T. c. persimilis in clear
plumbeous coloration, but immediately recognizable by having a large semi-con-
cealed white interscapular patch ; female with upper parts, including tail, wing coverts
and outer webs of remiges, light rufescent brown, base of interscapulars extensively
white; throat deep buff with brownish edges on lower portion; foreneck strongly
shaded with brownish, remainder of under parts deep twany. C. E. H.

b The status of the inhabitants of ne. Peru is not definitely established. As
pointed out by me (Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 96, in text) males from
Yurimaguas, Chamicuros, Xeberos and the north bank of the Marafion (Iquitos,
Pebas, Nauta), in tone of coloration, are intermediate between glaucus and schisto-

132 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Thamnomanes caesius schistogynus Hellmayr.* BOLIVIAN SLATY
BUSH BIRD.

Thamnomanes caesius schistogynus HELLMAYR, Rev. Prang. d'Orn., 2, No. 22,
Feb. 1911, p. 25 (Rio San Mateo, n. Bolivia [type]; Rio Purus, w. Brazil);
idem, Arch. Naturg., 85, Abt. A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 95 (Yahuarmayo, San
Gaban, north slope of Sierra de Carabaya, se. Peru).

Thamnomanes purusianus SNETHLAGE, Ornith. Monatsber., 22, 1914, p. 40
(Ponto Alegre, Rio Purus; types in Goeldi Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Tyrannus caesius (not of TEMMINCK) D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r. me'rid., Ois. f
!839, p. 309 (Yuracares, n. Bolivia; specimens in Paris Museum examined
by C. E. H.).

Thamnomanes caesius SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 223 (part; Bolivia,
ex D'ORBIGNY).

Thamnomanes caesius glaucus (not of CABANIS) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13,
1906, p. 368 (part; Yuracares, n. Bolivia); idem, 1. c., 14, 1907, p. 65 (part;
Yuracares, n. Bolivia).

Thamnomanes glaucus SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, 15 (Ponto Alegre,
R. Purus).

Thamnomanes sp. nov. SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 279, 500
(Ponto Alegre, R. Punis).

Range: Northern Bolivia (Yuracares, Rio San Mateo); southeast-
ern Peru (Marcapata, Dept. Cuzco b ; Rio San Gaban, Yahuarmayo,
north slope of Sierra de Carabaya) ; western Brazil (Ponto Alegre, on
the upper Purus).

gynus. While the majority ot tne females in their rufescent brown upper parts, buff
throat and brownish f oreneck resemble glaucus, being, however, rather more deeply
colored throughout; there occur sometimes specimens with bluish slate dorsal
surface, anterior under parts and lower tail coverts that cannot be distinguished
from schistogynus.

The following references pertain to this form of doubtful standing:

Thamnomanes glaucus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 750 (Xeb-
eros, Yurimaguas, Chyavetas) ; idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 274 (same localities, Chamicuros);
TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1882, p. 30 (Yurimaguas); idem, Orn Perou, 2, 1884, p. 25
(descr. d", 9 ex Yurimaguas; Xeberos, Chyavetas, Chamicuros [ex BARTLETT]).
C. E. H.

''Thamnomanes caesius schistogynus HELLMAYR: Male differs from T. c. glaucus,
which it resembles in possessing a large white interscapular patch, by the much
darker, more bluish slaty general coloration and the dark gray axillaries and under
wing coverts. Female quite distinct from those of the other members of the genus by
the upper parts, sides of head, throat, foreneck and under tail coverts being bluish
slate gray as in the male sex; breast and abdomen deep tawny as in glaucus.

Adult male, wing 69-74; ta il 62-66; bill i5>-i6>. Adult female, wing 68-71;
tail 61-65; bill 15-16. C. E. H.

b A couple secured by Otto Garlepp in the Berlepsch Collection. One of the
three Peruvian females has the foreneck slightly washed with olive, thus pointing
towards glaucus. C. E. H.

1 924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 133

Genus MYRMOTHERULA Sclater.-

Myrmotherula SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 234 (type by subs, desig.,

Sclater, 1890, Muscicapa pygmaea GMELIN = M uscicapa brachyura HERMANN).
Myrmotherium CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, 1859, p. 12 (new name for

Myrmotherula SCLATER on grounds of purism).
Myrmophila idem, 1. c., p. 12 (type by subs, design. Sclater, 1890, Formicivora

brevicauda SWAINSON).

Rhopias idem, 1. c., p. 13 (type Thamnophilus gularis SPIX).
Myrmopagis RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, 1909, p. 69 (type Myrmo-

thera axiilaris VIEILLOT).
Poliolaema CHUBB, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., foth ser.), 2, July 1918, p. 124 (type

Myrmotherula cinereiventris SCLATER and SALVIN).

*Mynnotherula brachyura (Hermann). PYGMY ANT WREN.

Muscicapa brachyura HERMANN, Tab. Aff. Anim., 1783, p. 299, note (based on

"Le petit Gobe-mouche tachet6, de Cayenne" BUFFON, Hist. Nat. Ois., 4,

p. 554, and Daubenton, PI. enl. 831, fig. 2; = 9 ; see STRESEMANN, Nov. Zool.,

27, 1920, p. 329).

Muscicapa pygmaea GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, (2), 1789, p. 933 (based on Daubenton,

PI. enl. 831, fig. 2; Cayenne).

Tamnophilus minutus LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool.,
7, cl. 2, 1837, p. 12 (based on Daubenton, PI. enl. 831, fig. 2; Yuracares,
Bolivia).

Myrmothera minuta D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r. mend., Ois., 1838, p. 184 (Yura-
cares, Bolivia; descr. 9).

Formicivora pygmaea CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, 1848,
p. 688 (Brit. Guiana); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, 1855, P- H7 (Bogotd);
idem, 1. c., 27, 1858, p. 67 (Rio Napo).

Myrmotherula Pygmaea SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 234 (descr. d", 9 ;
Cayenne, Bogota, Rio Napo, Bolivia); CASSIN, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1860, p. 190 (Rio Truando, nw. Colombia); LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat.
Hist., 7, 1862, p. 235 (Lion Hill, Panama R. R.); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2,
1868, p. 80 (Guajaraguacu, Rio Mamor6); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1866, p. 185 (upper Ucayali); idem, 1. c., 1867, p. 750 (Xeberos, Yuri-
maguas, Chyavetas, e. Peru), 978 (Pebas); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 185 (Cosni-
pata, se. Peru), 274 (upper Ucayali, Xeberos, Yurimaguas, Chyavetas,
Chamicuros, Pebas, e. Peru); SALVIN, Ibis, 1874, P- 3 11 (Rio Truando and
Panama); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 30 (Yurimaguas); idem,
Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 37 (Peruvian localities); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, P- 424
(Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Brit. Guiana); BERLEPSCH, Journ. Ornith.,
1889, p. 304 (Tarapoto, ne. Peru); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890,
p. 230 (monogr., range); SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14,
Although the members of this genus vary considerably in shape of bill, relative
length of tail and tarsus, as also in style of coloration, I have not been able to draw
a satisfactory line between the various, recently discriminated sections. M . gularis
(type of Rhopias) is certainly remarkable for its small bill and very short tail, but
as M. guUuralis and the M. teucophthalma group, obviously its northern representa-
tives, agree in structure with "Myrmopagis" I cannot advocate the recognition of a
separate genus for its reception. Notwithstanding the contrary assertion of the
late P. L. Sclater, M. brachyura has twelve rectrices, just like M. axiilaris (type of
Myrmopagis). C. E. H.

134 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

No. 362, 1899, p. 29 (Zamora, e. Ecuador); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov.
Zool., 9, 1902, p. 73 (La Pricion, Caura R.); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56,
1908, p. 15 (Bom Lugar, Rio Purvis); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908,
p. 154 (Cayenne, Roche- Marie, Ipousin, French Guiana); HELLMAYR, Nov.
Zool., 14, 1907, p. 382 (Borba, Humaytha, Rio Madeira); idem, 1. c., 17,
1910, p. 345 (Marmellos, Calama, Rio Madeira); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus.,
50, Part 5, 1911, p. 64 (monogr., synon., range); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith.,
61, 1913, ? 528 (ecology); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 281
(Cameta, I. Pirunum, Arumatheua, Rio Tocantins; Pimental, R. Tapajdz;
Santa Elena, R. Jamauchim; Bom Lugar, R. Purtis; Rio Jary (S. Antonio
da Cachoeira, Obidos); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916,
p. 283 (La Pricion, Caura R.); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
1917, p. 373 (S. Jos6, Choco; Florencia, La Morelia, se. Colombia); BANGS
and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, No. 2, 1918, p. 67 (Paramaribo,
Surinam); CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 26 (Supenaam, Bartica,
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana).

Myrmotherula brachyura HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, Nov. 1920,
p. 96 (Yahuarmayo, se. Peru); idem, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 206 (San Mateo,
Bolivia); BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, No. 6, Sept. 1922,
p. 206 (Jesusito, Darien).

Range: From eastern Panama (Lion Hill; Darien) and Colombia
(R. Truando; San Jose", Pacific coast; eastern slope of eastern Andes)
east through southern Venezuela (Caura Valley) to French Guiana;
south through eastern Ecuador and Peru to northern and eastern
Bolivia (Yuracares, San Mateo; Rio Surutu, Prov. del Sara), and
northern Brazil (as far east as the Tocantins).

4: Peru (Moyobamba 2, Puerto Bermudez, Rio Pichis i), Colombia
("Bogota" i).

Myrmotherula sclateri Snethlage.* SCLATER'S ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula sclateri SNETHLAGE, Ornith. Monatsber., 20, 1912, p. 153 (Boim,
R. Tapaj6z; types examined) ; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 281 (Boim);
HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 97 in text (Boim; crit.).

Myrmotherula kermiti CHERRIED Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, 1916, p. 184
(BarSo Melgaco, Matto Grosso; type in coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, exam-
ined; 9).

Range: Northern Brazil (as yet only known from Boim, left bank
of R. Tapaj6z, and Barao Melgago, northern Matto Grosso).

^Myrmotherula sclateri SNETHLAGE: Nearly related to M. brachyura, but with
much longer tail and bill; throat and sides of head in both sexes straw yellow (in
M. brachyura these parts are white in the male, buffy or ochraceous in the female) ;
male with crown stripes pale yellow instead of white; female without buffy suffusion
below, but with numerous distinct black streaks on sides of throat, foreneck and
chest (in M. brachyura female only the sides of the chest are striped, but much more
broadly so). Wing, 45-46X1 tail, 25-28; bill, 14-14^. C. E. H.

b The type is practically identical with two topotypes from Boim with which it
was directly compared by C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 135

*Myrmotherula surinamensis surinamensis (Gmelin). SURINAM ANT

WREN.

Sitta surinamensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, (i), 1788, p. 442 (based on "Surinam

Nuthatch" LATHAM, Gen. Syn. Birds, i, (2), p. 654, pi. 28 (= 9); Surinam).

Myrmothera melanoleucos VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. d., 12,

1817, p. 113 ("el la Guyane").
Formicivora quadrivittata (Lichtenstein Ms.) CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13, i,

1847, p. 227 (Brit. Guiana); idem in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3,

1848, p. 688 (Brit. Guiana).

Myiothera pusilla (Cuvier Ms.) PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855,
p. 335 (part; specimen ex Laugier, Cayenne; see MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR,
Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 48).

Myrmotherula surinamensis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 234 (part;
Cayenne, Brit. Guiana); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 425 (Camacusa, Brit. Guiana);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., X5, 1890, p. 231 (part; spec, m-q, Brit. Guiana,
v, Cayenne); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 73 (Suapure,
Nicare, La Pricion, Caura R., Mato R., Caura district, Venezuela*); BER-
LEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 154 (Ipousin, R. Approuague, Cayenne);
RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 62 (part; Venezuela, Brit.
Guiana, Cayenne); CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 27 (Brit. Guiana).

Myrmotherula surinamensis surinamensis HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911,
p. 1160 (characters; French, Dutch and Brit. Guiana; e. Venezuela; Caura
Valley); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 283 (La Union,
Maripa, Mato R., Caura district*); BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 62, No. 2, 1918, p. 68 (Paramaribo).

Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana; eastern Venezuela
(Caura basin), and northern Brazil (upper Rio Branco).

4: French Guiana (Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni i); Surinam (vicin-
ity of Paramaribo i); northern Brazil (base of Serra da Lua, near
Boavista, upper Rio Branco 2).

*Myrmotherula surinamensis pacifica Helltnayr.* PACIFIC ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula surinamensis pacifica HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1159
(Buenaventura, Choco [type]; Guineo, Rio Calima, Piano de los Monos
near Naranjo, w. Colombia), 1161 (syn., characters, Panama to w. Ecuador);
CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 373 (Alto Bonito,
Dabeiba, Quibdo, Novita, Novita Trail, Juntas de Tamana, Noanama,
Buenaventura, Los Cisneros, Tumaco, Barbacoas, w. Colombia; Puerto
Valdivia, Malena, R. Magdalena) ; BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 65, No.6, 1922, p. 206 (Mt. Sap<5 and Jesusito, Darien).

The single male from Munduapo, R. Orinoco (about two days, by canoe, below
S. Fernando de Atabapo) is more likely to pertain to M. s. multostriata, but the ques-
tion cannot be satisfactorily settled until females come to hand. In any case, the
specimen is quite distinct from M. cherriei. C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula surinamensis pacifica HELLMAYR: Differs from M. s. surin-
amensis in its longer tail, much stronger as well as decidedly longer bill, wider white
tips to rectrices (about 3 to 4 mm. on outermost pair), and in having the upper back

136 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Myrmotherula-? SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 294 (Esmeraldas, nw. Ecuador).

Myrmotherula surinamensis (not of GMELIN) CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 1860, p. 190 (Rio Truando); LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 7,
1861, p. 293 (Isthmus of Panama); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1864, p. 356 (Lion Hill, Panama); idem, 1. c., 1879, p. 525 (Remedies, Antio-
quia; eggs descr.); SALVIN, Ibis, 1874, P- 3" (Turbo, Panama); BERLEPSCH
and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 564 (Chimbo, sw. Ecuador);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 231 (part; spec, a-g, j, k, 1, Vera-
gua, Panama; Esmeraldas, Intac, Ecuador; Remedies, "Bogota," Colom-
bia); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, 1892, p. 209 (part;
Panama, Colombia); SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362,
1899, p. 29 (part; Peripa, w. Ecuador; spec, examined); BANGS, Proc. New
Eng. Zool. Cl., 2, 1900, p. 23 (Loma del Leon); HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9,
1902, p. 612 (San Javier, Pambilar, nw. Ecuador); GOODFELLOW, Ibis,
1902, p. 64 (S. Nicholas, Gualea, w. Ecuador); MENEGAUX, Miss. gogr.
Arm6e Mes. M6rid. Equat., 9, 1911, p. B 33 (Santo Domingo, w. Ecuador);
RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 62 (part; Panama, Colombia,
w. Ecuador); STONE, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 70, 1918, p. 260 (Rio Siri,
Panama).

Range: Panama (Lion Hill, Rio Siri, Colon, Darien), Colombia
(Pacific coast; lower Magdalena Valley; also found in "Bogota"
collections) and western Ecuador (south to Chimbo).

7: Panama (Colon 3); Colombia (Quibdo, R. Atrato i, Dabeiba i,
Buenaventura i) ; Ecuador (Chimbo i).

Myrmotherula surinamensis multostriata Sdater.* AMAZONIAN ANT
WREN.

Myrmotherula multostriata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 234, pi. 141,
figs. 2 (o"), 3 (9) (Ucayali River, e. Peru; types in British Museum exam-
ined); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 179 (Upper Amazons Bates,
erroneously listed as type); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 185
(upper Ucayali); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 274 (upper Ucayali, Santa Cruz, e. Peru;
spec, in British Museum examined); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 39
(part; descr. of 9 and "d" non adulte" in coll. Sclater only; hab. part,
Ucayali, Santa Cruz); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 72
in text (crit.); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 61, 1913, p. 528 (ecology).

less variegated with black, while the white interscapular blotch is much smaller in the
male and wholly absent in the female. The latter sex, too, has the top of the head
conspicuously clearer, about "tawny ochraceous" (instead of "deep tawny") and the
dark stripes on the hind crown and nape are much duller and less pronounced, being
dusky olive instead of deep black. Wing (cf) 51-54, (9) 49-53; tail 27-31%;
bill i5-i6#. C. E. H.

Myrmotherula surinamensis multostriata SCLATER: Male not distinguishable
from M. s. surinamensis, but female with sides of head buff, streaked with dusky
(instead of plain cinnamon rufous); under parts much paler, creamy white and,
except for the middle of the abdomen, strongly marked with very distinct, though
narrow, blackish stripes. C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 137

Myrmotherula surinamensis (not of GMELIN) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 231 (part; spec, w-z, b'-d', Santa Cruz, upper Ucayali, upper Ama-
zon); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p- 440 (Rio Jurua); HELLMAYR,
Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 368 (Prata, Para); SNETLHAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55,
1907, p. 284 (Para, Ourem; habits, nest and eggs descr.).

Myrmotherula surinamensis multostriata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc.
Philom. Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 48 (Pebas, Nauta, ne. Peru; crit.);
HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 68 (Teff6), 382 (Humaytha, Rio Madeira) ;
JHERING and JHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, 1907, p. 205 (R. Jurua), 414
(Teffe); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 510 (Isl. Goyana, R. Tapa-
J6z), 53i (Arumatheua, R. Tocantins); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910,
p. 345 (Calama, Marmellos, Jamarysinho, R. Madeira; syn., range); idem,
Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 44 (Peixe-
Boi), 92 (Para localities) ; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 281
(Para, Quati-puni, Rio Guama [Ourem]; J. Pae Lourenco, Arumatheua,
R. Tocantins; Santa Julia, Rio Iriri; Rio Curua; Goyana, Bella Vista,
Pimental, R. Tapaj6z; Cahy, Rio Jamauchim').

Range: Amazonia, south of the Amazon, from the Rio Guamd,
Prov. of Para, west to the lowlands of northeastern Peru (Ucayali,
lower Huallaga) where, however, it is also found on the north bank of
the Maranon (Nauta, Pebas).

Myrmotherula cherriei Berlepsch and Hartert* CHERRIE'S ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula cherriei BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 72,
(Perico [type] and Maipures, upper Orinoco, Venezuela; types in Tring
Museum examined); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 283
(Perico, Maipures).

Myrmotherula surinamensis (not of GMELIN) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 231 (part; spec, r-u, "Oyapoc, Cayenne," examined in British
Museum); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 154 ("Oyapoc, Cayenne").

Range: Venezuela, upper Orinoco, from below the falls of Atures
(Perico) to Maipures.

The specimens recorded from Far6, R. Jamunda (north bank of Amazon),
are more likely to belong to M. s. surinamensis.

b Myrmotherula cherriei BERLEPSCH and HARTERT: Differs from the M. surin-
amensis group by the male having the entire under surface much more broadly striped
with black, and the mandible black like the maxilla. The female may be recognized
by having the crown and hind neck black, edged with buff, and the under parts
deep buff striped with black, only the middle of the lower abdomen and under tail
coverts being plain. The tail is decidedly longer, and the white tips to the lateral
rectrices are somewhat wider than in the M. surinamensis group. Wing (seven o" o")
50-52, (four 99) 49-51; tail (cf) 30-32, (9) 28-30; bill 14^-16.

M. cherriei, while quite distinct from the M. surinamensis group, is possibly
more nearly related to M. longicauda, from which it chiefly differs by the heavily
striped under parts, the presence of a white interscapular blotch, and the black lower
mandible of the male. The female is very similar, but that of longicauda has only
a few streaks across the chest, etc. Besides, the tail in M. cherriei is somewhat
shorter and much less graduated. Unfortunately, I have no memorandum as to the
number of rectrices. No specimen is at present available for examination. C. E. H.

The four specimens from "Oyapoc" in the British Museum which I have
examined belong indeed to M. cherriei, but as in the case of some other species
purchased from the same dealer (Madame Verdey, of Paris), I strongly doubt the
correctness of the locality. C. E. H.

138 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

*Myrmotherula longicauda longicauda Berlepsch and Stolzmann.*
LONG-TAILED ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula longicauda BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ibis, (6th ser.), 6, 1894,
P- 394 (Chontabamba, Vitoc [o"J; La Merced and La Gloria, Chanchamayo
[9]; cotype from La Gloria examined by C. E. H.); idem, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1896, p. 381 (same localities).

Myrmotherula longicauda longicauda CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, 1923,
p. 4 in text (part; "Tulmayo" = Tulumayo, Dept. Junin).

Range : Subtropical zone of central Peru, in Dept. Junin (valleys of
Vitoc, Tulumayo, Chanchamayo).
i: Peru (San Ramon, Junin).

*Myrmotherula longicauda australis Chapman* OCHREOUS-BELLIED
ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula multostriata australis CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, Aug.

1923, p. 4 (Rio Inambari, Rio Tavara, La Pampa, n. Puno, se. Peru; Locotal,

Dept. Cochabamba, Bolivia).
Myrmothernla surinamensis (not of GMELIN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, 1858,

p. 234, pi. 151, fig. i (=cf) (part; Rio Napo, e. Ecuador; spec, in Brit.

Mus. examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1866, p. 185 (Upper

Ucayali, e. Peru; spec, in Brit. Mus. examined by C. E. H.); idem, 1. c.,

1873, p. 274 (Upper Ucayali); TACZANOWSKI, 1. c., 1882, p. 30 (Huambo,

Dept. Loreto); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 231 (part; spec.

h, i, Rio Napo; a', Upper Ucayali, e. Peru; spec, examined by C. E. H.);

SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, p. 29 (part;

Gualaquiza, e. Ecuador; spec, in Turin Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Myrmotherula longicauda longicauda BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN: Differs
in both sexes from the M. surinamensis group in its longer, much more graduated
tail (the distance between the shortest and longest rectrix being from 8 to 1 2 against
4 to 5 mm. in surinamensis) with much more white on the lateral rectrices (the outer
web of the outermost being mostly white on apical half), and by lacking the white
interscapular blotch. Besides, the male has the entire throat, foreneck and abdomen
plain white, only a limited zone on the chest being streaked with black; in the female,
the crown and back are black, laterally edged with buffy white; the sides of the head
buffy white; the under parts pale buff, passing into whitish on throat and lower
abdomen, the chest only narrowly, though distinctly streaked with black. Wing
(five o*d* ad.) 51-52, (three 99) 48-50; tail (of) 37-40, (9) 36-39; bill 14. This
species (and its doubtfully separable subspecies australis) has obviously but ten
rectrices, while there are always twelve in the races of surinamensis. C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula longicauda australis CHAPMAN: Male indistinguishable from the
typical race; but female on under parts much darker, ochraceous (deepest on breast),
with but a few obsolete sooty streaks on sides of chest; streaks on crown and pileum
decidedly buff; apical spots on wing coverts and edges to quills buffy instead of pure
white; sides of head deeper buff.

It is very reluctantly that I admit this form as distinct from M. I. longicauda,
since its distribution is most peculiar indeed. Females from Moyobamba prove to be
practically identical with two from La Pampa, while those from Vista Alegre, by
being deeper ochraceous both above and below, are even more different from longi-
cauda (as represented by Junin-examples), although they have the chest rather
more boldly streaked with blackish. The range of longicauda is thus seen to be
surrounded by australis in the north, east and south ! C. E. H.

BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 139

Myrmotherula multostriata (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Perou, 2,
1884, p. 39 (part, descr. of d* ad. only; Huambo).

Myrmotherula longicauda (not of BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN) BERLEPSCH and
STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, Sept. 1906, p. 117 (Huaynapata, Marcapata, se. Peru;
spec, now in Vienna Museum, examined by C. E. H.).

Myrmotherula longicauda longicauda CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, 1923,
p. 4 (part; Zamora, Macas, e. Ecuador).

Range: Northern Bolivia (Espiritu Santo, Songo, Yungas of La Paz;
Locotal, Yungas of Cochabamba); eastern Peru, in depts. of Puno
(Rio Inambari and affluents), Cuzco (Marcapata), Huanuco (Vista
Alegre, Rio Chinchao) and Loreto (Moyobamba, Huayabamba) ; east-
ern Ecuador (Rio Napo, Gualaquiza, Zamora, Macas).

10 : Peru (Moyobamba 7, Vista Alegre 3).

Myrmotherula guttata ( Vieillot). RUFOUS-BELLIED ANT WREN.

Myrmothera guttata VIEILLOT, Galerie Ois., 2, circa 1825, p. 251, pi. 155 (= c?)
(Cayenne).

Myrmotherula minuta (not Tamnophilus minutus LAFR. and D'ORB.) PELZELN
(ex LICHTENSTEIN Ms.), Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 81 (Rio Negro ( = Man-
aos) and Cayenne; types in Vienna Museum examined; = 9 ).

Myiothera poeciloptera (Cuvier Ms.) PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3,
*855, p. 336 (Cayenne; type in Paris Museum examined; 9).

Myrmotherula guttata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 235 (monogr.; Cay-
enne); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 425 (Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Brit. Guiana);
SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 232 (Cayenne; Bartica Grove,
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902,

No females from Ecuador are available. Males have very short tails, but are
matched by others from the upper Ucayali, and Vista Alegre (Huanuco).

MEASUREMENTS

MALES WING TAIL BILL

One from Espirito Santo, Bolivia 49 37 14^3

Two from Rio Tavara, n. Puno, se. Peru 49,49 37,38 14,14^

One from Marcapata, Cuzco, se. Peru 48 37 14

One from Vista Alegre, Huanuco, Peru 50 34 14}^

Four from Moyobamba, Dept. Loreto 49,50^,51,52 37,37,37,38 14-14^

One from Upper Ucayali 47 31 # IA&

Five from e. Ecuador 48,49,49,49^,52 32,32,33,34 *3/

FEMALES

One from Songo, n. Bolivia 47 # 37.K 14

Two from La Pampa, n. Puno, se. Peru 48,49 37,38#

Two from Vista Alegre, Dept. Huanuco 49,49 34,37

Three from Moyobamba, Dept. Loreto 48,51,51 38,38,39

One from Huayabamba, Dept. Loreto 47/4 34K 14

X E. H.

140 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

p. 73 (La Union, La Pricion, Caura River, Venezuela); BERLEPSCH, 1. c., 15,
1908, p. 155 (Ipousin, R. Approuague, French Guiana); SNETHLAGE, Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 283 (San Antonio da Cachoeira, Rio Jary; Obidos,
n. Brazil); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 283 (Caura
River, Venezuela).

Rhopoterpe guttata CABANIS in SCHOMBURGK, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, 1848, p.
688 (Brit. Guiana).

Poliolaema guttata CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 36 (Brit. Guiana).

Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana; eastern Venezuela
(Caura basin) ; northern Brazil, on north bank of lower Amazon (Rio
Jary, Obidos, Manaos). a

Myrmotherula hauxwelli hauxwelli (Sclater) . b HAUXWELL'S ANT WREN.

Formicivora hauxwelli SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, 1857, p. 131, pi. 126, fig. 2
("e. Peru"=Chamicuros, ne. Peru; type in Brit. Mus. examined); idem,
1. c., 26, 1858, p. 67 (Rio Napo, e. Ecuador).

Myrmotherula hauxwelli SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 236 (monogr. ;
Chamicuros, e. Peru; Rio Napo, e. Ecuador); SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c.,
1866, p. 186 (upper Ucayali, Nauta); idem, 1. c., 1867, p. 750 (Chyavetas);
idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 274 (upper Ucayali, Nauta, Chyavetas, Chamicuros,
Santa Cruz, ne. Peru); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 81 (Engenho
do Cap. Gama, w. Matto Grosso; Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira); TACZAN-
OWSKI, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 44 (Yurimaguas; Peruvian localities) ; SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 237 (part; Nauta, Chamicuros, Iquitos,
Chyavetas, Santa Cruz, Yurimaguas, ne. Peru; Rio Napo, Ecuador; "Bog-
ota"); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 64 (Coca, Rio Napo, e. Ecuador); SNETH-
lage, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 102 (Bom Lugar, Rio Purvis); idem, Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 283 (Boim, Villa Braga, Rio Tapaj6z; Tucunar6,
Rio Jamauchim; Bom Lugar, Rio Purvis).

Myrmotherula hauxwelli hauxwelli HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 68 (Teff6,
Rio Solimoes), 383 (Humaytha, Rio Madeira); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 346
(Calama, Marmellos, Rio Madeira; Maroins, Rio Machados).

Range : Amazonia, from the Tapajoz west to eastern Peru, south to
western Matto Grosso (Rio Guapore"), in Brazil only south of the Ama-
zon, in Peru also on the north bank of the Maranon, thence ranging
through eastern Ecuador to southeastern Colombia (Murelia, Caquetd
region; "Bogota" collections).

The few Brazilian females seen by me agree with others from the Guianas and
the Caura River. C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula hauxwelli hauxwelli (SCLATER): Most nearly related to, and
agreeing in proportions with M. guttata, but male distinguishable by having the entire
under parts down to the tail coverts slate gray; the apical markings on wing coverts,
tertials, upper tail coverts and rectrices much less extensive and pure white; the
remiges edged with slate gray (instead of russet brown) ; by lacking the olive brown
rump. The female differs by the throat and breast being, like the rest of the under
surface, bright ferruginous instead of buffy brownish. C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS CORY. 141

*Myrmotherula hauxwelli hellmayri Siiethlage.* HELLMAYR'S ANT
WREN.

Myrmotherula hauxweUi hellmayri SNETHLAGE, Ornith. Monatsber., 14, 1906,

p. 9 (no locality given, the types evidently came from near Pard, ne. Brazil) ;

HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 369 (San Antonio do Prata, Para);

idem, Abhandl. math, naturw. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 45

(Peixe-Boi, Para).
Myrmotherula hawxwetti (not of SCLATER) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,

1867, p. 576 (Capim River).
Myrmotherula spec. HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 285 (Igarap6-Assu,

Para).
Myrmotherula hellmayri SNETHLAGE, Jour. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 285 (Pard, San

Antonio); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 283 (Pard, Providencia, Anan-

indeua, Benevides, Santa Isabel, Peixe-Boi, San Antonio do Prata; Rio

Guamd; Resacca, Rio Capim; Mazagao, Cametd, Baiao, Arumatheua, Rio

Tocantins).

Range: Northeastern Brazil, in states of Maranhao and Pard,
west to the Tocantins.

6: Para (Utinga 3), Maranhao (Tury-assii 3).

Myrmotherula gularis (Spix). SPOTTED-THROATED ANT WREN.

ThamnophUus gularis SPIX, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 30, pi. 41, fig. 2 (no locality
given; type, formerly in Munich Museum, lost; see HELLMAYR, Abhandl.
Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 2. Kl., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 663; we designate Rio de Jan-
eiro as type locality).

Myiothera cinerea WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), 1831, p. 1093 (se. Brazil,
no locality specified; see ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2, 1889, p. 252).

Myrmothera gularis MENETRIES, Mem. Ac. Sci. St. P6tersb., (6th ser.), 3, Part 2
(Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 476 pi. 2, fig. 2 (Rio de Janeiro et "Minas Geraes";
nest and eggs descr.).

Myrmotherula gularis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 235 (monogr.; se. Bra-
zil); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 81 (Rio; Ypanema, Sao Paulo);
BERLEPSCH and JEERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, 1885, p. 150 (Taquara, Rio
Grande do Sul); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 233 (monogr.;
se. Brazil); JEERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, 1899, p. 239 (Piquete, Iporanga,
Sao Paulo); idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul para 1900, 1899, p. 130
(Mundo Novo); idem, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 205 (Alto da Serra, Uba-
tuba, Iporanga, Ilha de S. SebastiSo, S. Paulo; Ourinho, Parand).

Rhopoterpe gularis BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 56 (New
Freiburg, Rio).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro south to Rio
Grande do Sul.

Myrmotherula hauxweUi hellmayri SNETBLAGE: Differs from the typical race
by lacking the white interscapular blotch. Besides, the females are slightly deeper
brown above and somewhat paler on the throat. C. E. H.

142 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Myrmotherula gutturalis Salvin and Godman.* BROWN-BELLIED ANT
WREN.

Myrmotherula gutturalis SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, (4th ser.), 5, 1881, p. 269
(Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana; types in British Museum examined); SALVIN,
Ibis, 1885, p. 425 (Merum6 Mts., Rio Atapurow, Quonga, Brit. Guiana);
BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 155 (Ipousin, Rio Approuague, French
Guiana); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 348 (characters; British and
French Guiana); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 282 (S. Antonio
da Cachoeira, R. Jary; Obidos, n. Brazil).

Rhopias gutturalis CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 29 (Brit. Guiana).

Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana, south to the north bank
of the lower Amazon, northern Brazil (Rio Jary, Obidos). b

Myrmotherula leucophthalma leucophthalma (Pelzeln).* WHITE-EYED
ANT WREN.

Formicivora leucophthalma PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 83, 155 (Salto
do Girao, Rio Madeira; type ( = 9 ) in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Myrmotherula leucophthalma HELLMAYR, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges., 53, 1903, p. 213
(crit.; characters of 9); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 531 (Aru-
matheua, Rio Tocantins); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 282 (Macu-
jubim, w. Maraj6; Cameta, Arumatheua, Rio Tocantins; Victoria, R. Xingu;
Santa Elena, Tucunar, Rio Jamauchim; Bom Lugar, Rio Punis).

Myrmotherula gutturalis leucophthalma SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908,
p. 15 (Bom Lugar, Punis; Maraj6).

Myrmotherula leucophthalma leucophthalma HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910,
p. 346 (Maroins, Rio Madeira; descr. o"), 347 (Macujubim, Maraj6; Aruma-
theua, Tocantins; Rio Madeira; Rio Punis).

Range: Northern and western Brazil, south of the Amazon, ranging
from the western portion of the island of Marajo (Macujubim) west to
the upper Punis (Bom Lugar), south along the Rio Madeira to north-
western Matto Grosso (Roosevelt River). d

8 Myrmotherula gutturalis SALVIN and GODMAN: The male is readily recognizable
among its affines by having the upper wing coverts olive brown, with very small
(dot-like) white apical spots; the females bear a striking resemblance to that of M.
fulviventris, but the upper wing coverts, although similarly tipped with fulvous ,
are much paler russet brown rather than blackish. C. E. H.

b Four skins from Ipousin, French Guiana, agree well with seven from British
Guiana. No Brazilian specimens seen by us.

e Myrmotherula leucophthalma leucophthalma (PELZELN) : Male with upper parts
olive brown, sometimes washed with rufous on middle of back; tail cinnamon or
russet brown; median and greater upper wing coverts black with large, rounded
apical spots of deep buff; wings exteriorly edged with russet brown; throat black,
with large wedge-shaped white spots; cheeks, malar region, foreneck and chest
light cinereous; lower abdomen, flanks and under tail coverts olive or fulvous brown.
Wing (six o^o") 51-53; tail 39-42; bill 13-13^. Female differs in having the
lower parts (including throat) ochraceous, the sides of the head buff, and the apical
spots to the wing coverts deeper, more ochraceous buff. Wing (three 99) 51-54;
tail 43-45; bill 13-13}*. C. E. H.

d I notice certain apparently individual variations among the six males before me.
One of two from the Roosevelt River and a single one from Maraj6 (Macujubim)

IQ24- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 143

*Myrmotherula leucophthalma sororia Berlepsch and Stolzmann.*
PERUVIAN ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula sororia BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ibis, (6th sen), 6, 1894,
p. 396 (La Gloria, Vitoc; La Merced, Chanchamayo, Dept. Junin, c. Peru);
idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 381 (same localities).

Myrmotherula leucophthalma sororia HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 348
(crit. ; Rio Tigr, ne. Peru; La Gloria, c. Peru; range).

Myrmotherula gutturalis (not of SALVIN and GODMAN) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1882, p. 30 (Huambo, n. Peru); idem, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 42
(Huambo; descr. d" 1 , 9 ) ; 3, 1886, p. 509 (crit. ; Huambo, Rio Tigre 1 , ne. Peru).

Rhopias spodionota juninensis CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, 1918, p. 84
("Junin," c. Peru; descr. d").

Range : Peru, from the valleys of Vitoc and Chanchamayo, in Dept.
Junin, north to the Maranon (Rio Tigre").

2: Peru (Huachipa i, Vista Alegre i).

Myrmotherula leucophthalma spodionota Sclater and Salvin. b ECUA-
DORIAN ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula spodionota SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1880, p. 159
(Sarayacu, Ecudaor; types in British Museum examined; descr. d 1 ); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 234 (Sarayacu); HELLMAYR, Nov. ZooL, 17,
1910, p. 348 (Sarayacu, e. Ecuador; crit.).

Range: Eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu).

have the cinereous color below restricted to the foreneck, while in all the others
(one Rio Roosevelt, one Bom Lugar, Punis, two Rio Jamauchim) it extends well
over the breast. The tail also varies slightly in shade. A female from the Rio
Roosevelt is practically identical with the type. C. E. H.

Myrmotherula leucophthalma sororia BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN: Very closely
related to M. 1. leucophthalma, but differs in both sexes in dark brown tail with
only narrow rufescent edges along the outer web, smaller light markings to the
upper wing coverts, and somewhat darker brown upper parts. Besides, the male has
less white on the throat, darker gray breast and sides of head, while the duller, less
fulvous color of the belly is restricted to the flanks and crissum. The female is dis-
tinguishable only by slightly darker back and duller under parts. Wing (two o"o",
two 99) 51-53; tail 38-41; bill 13-14.

I have not seen any male from the type locality, but one each from Rio Tigrfi and
Vista Alegre correspond well to the original description. The former has the spots
on the median and greater wing coverts bright buff as in M. I. leucophthalma, whereas
in the Vista Alegre bird they are white, tinged with light buff only on the greater
series. C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula leucophthalma spodionota SCLATER and SALVIN: The two
known males differ from leucophthalma and sororia by slate gray back, only the fore-
head and upper tail coverts being washed with olive brownish ; darker gray sides of
neck and breast; pure white apical spots to the wing coverts (in one, an immature
bird, buff on the greater series). Remiges and tail as in sororia. Wing 54, 55 ; tail 37 ,
39; bill 13^ I5- C. E. H.

144 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

*Myrmotherula fulviventris Lawrence. FULVOUS-BELLIED ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula fulviventris LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, 1862, p. 468
(Lion Hill, Panama; types in American Museum of Natural History examined
by C. E. H.).

Myrmotherula fulviventris SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1864, p. 356
(Lion Hill; crit.); LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 9, 1868, p. 108 (Angos-
tura, Costa Rica); WYATT, Ibis, 1871, p. 331 (Naranjo, near Bucaramanga,
Santander); SALVIN, Ibis, 1874, P- 3 11 (Truando, Panama, Costa Rica);
SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 525 (Remedies, Antioquia);
BERLEPSCH, Journ. Ornith., 32, 1884, p. 318 (Naranjo, ex WYATT); SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 234 (Honduras to Ecuador); SALVADORI
and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, p. 29 (Rio Peripa, w. Ecua-
dor); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910, p. 607 (Caribbean lowlands
of Costa Rica; habits, eggs descr.).

Myrmotherula ornata ? (not of SCLATER) CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1860, p. 191 (Rio Truando).

Myrmotherula-? SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 294 (Esmeraldas, nw. Ecuador).

Myrmotherula viduata HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, 1898, p. 492 (Cachabi, nw. Ecua-
dor; type in Tring Museum examined; = 9).

Myrmotherula fulviventris viduata HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 612 (crit.;
nw. Ecuador); HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1162 (El Tigre, N6vita,
Noanama, w. Colombia: "Bogota"; crit.; range); HARTERT, Nov. Zool.,
29, 1922, p. 392 (type; crit.).

Myrmopagis fulviventris RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 73
(s. Honduras to w. Ecuador; monogr., synon.); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 36, 1917, p. 374 (Alto Bonito, Juntas de Tamand, Barbacoas,
Pacific Colombia; Puerto Valdivia, La Frijolera, lower Cauca; Miraflores,
c. Andes; Salencio, Novitd, Trail; crit.); STONE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
70, 1918, p. 261 (Gatun, Panama); BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 65, No. 6, 1922, p. 207 (Mt. Sap6, Rio Esnape, Jesusito, Darien).

Khopias fulviventris salmoni CHUBB, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (gth sen), 2, July
1918, p. 124 (Remedies, n. Colombia [type] and Ecuador).

Range: From southern Honduras (Rio Segovia) through Central
America to Panama, Colombia (Pacific coast, Cauca and Magdalena
valleys) and western Ecuador, as far south as Santa Rosa, Prov. del
Oro.*

6: Panama i; Costa Rica (Siguirres 2); Nicaragua (San Emilis,
Lake Nicaragua 2); Colombia (Puerto Valdivia i).

After examining a large amount of material (eight from Panama, including
Lawrence's types; nine from Darien; seven from Pacific Colombia; seven from the
Cauca Valley; twenty-two from w. Ecuador), I am no longer able to maintain
viduata as distinct. Birds from Panama (topotypical of fulviventris) are in every
respect similar to the series from w. Ecuador (viduata), having the upper parts
warm brown, inclining to russet on rump as well as on the edges of the remiges and
rectrices, and the foreneck but slightly shaded with grayish. Birds from the lower
Cauca and "Bogota" collections, which unquestionably represent salmoni are not
different either. Twelve specimens from Costa Rica and Nicaragua are slightly

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 145

*Myrmotherula atrogularis Taczanowski. BLACK-THROATED ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula atrogularis TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 137 (o* from
Amable Maria, Dept. Junin; 9 from Monterico, Dept. Ayacucho, Peru), 530
(same localities); idem, 1. c., 1882, p. 30 (Huambo, Dept. Loreto); idem, Orn.
Prou, 2, 1884, p. 41 (Amable Maria, Monterico, Huambo); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 235 (Huambo).

Myrmotherula guayabambae SHARPE, Bull. B. O. C., n, 1900, p. 2 (Guayabamba
[ = Huayabamba], n. Peru; type in Brit. Mus. examined by C. E. H. ; = 9 ad.) ;
HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 349 (crit.).

Range: Tropical zone of Peru (depts. Loreto, Huanuco, Junin and
northern Ayacucho) and northern Bolivia (Rio San Mateo, Yungas
of Cochabamba).

5: Peru (Vista Alegre 2, Huachipa 3).

*Mynnotherula ornata ornata (Sclater). CHESTNUT-RUMPED ANT WREN.

Formicivora ornata SCLATER, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2nd ser.), 5, 1853, p. 480 ("Nova
Grenada" = Bogota; type in Coll. T. C. Eyton, now in Brit. Mus. examined;
descr. d"); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855, p. 147 (Bogota).

Myrmotherula ornata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 235 (monogr., descr.
d", 9 ; part, Bogota); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 179, pi. 15 (c? 1 , 9)
(Bogota); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 236 (part; spec, a-j, Bogota).

Myrmopagis ornata ornata CHAPMAN, BulL Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917,
P- 374i (Buena Vista, se. Colombia).

Range : Tropical zone of eastern Colombia,
i: Colombia ("Bogotd").

Myrmotherula ornata saturata (Chapman). b ECUADORIAN CHESTNUT-
RUMPED ANT WREN.

Myrmopagis ornata saturata CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 96, Nov. 1923, p. 9
(upper Suno River, e. Ecuador).

duller, more grayish brown above, with the edges to the quills and rectrices almost olive
brown, and the females average paler ochraceous underneath. There are, however,
so many exceptions to this rule that I do not feel justified in separating this northern
race without a more satisfactory series. It will be noted that E. Hartert, when
insisting on the validity of his viduata, based his conclusions on the comparison of
Ecuadorian and Costa Rica specimens only, while he admittedly had no material
from Panama (the type locality of fulviventris). If there are two forms, it is, how-
ever, the one found from Costa Rica northward that requires a name, since birds
from Panama prove to be the same as those from Colombia and Ecuador. C. E. H.

A pair from San Mateo agree well with (six) specimens from Peru (valley
of Huayabamba), but have slightly longer bills. No material examined from the
type locality. C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula ornata saturata (CHAPMAN) : More deeply colored than
M. o. ornata; the rump in both sexes chestnut rather than Sanford's brown; male
with the gray areas darker, the flanks less washed with olivaceous.

The single female examined by me agrees in pattern of throat with M. o. ornata,
but has the rump decidedly deeper chestnut and the under parts slightly darker.
C. E. H.

146 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Hypocnemis ornata (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 67
(Rio Napo).

Myrmotherula ornata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 235 (part; Rio
Napo); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 236 (part; spec, k-n, Sarayacu,
Rio Napo, e. Ecuador); SALVADOR: and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14,
No. 362, 1899, p. 29 (Zamora, e. Ecuador).

Range: Tropical zone of eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo, Sarayacu,
Zamora, upper Suno).

Myrmotherula ornata hoffmannsi Hellmayr.* HOFFMANNS'S ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula ornata hoffmannsi HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. , 16, 1906, p. 84
(Itaituba, Rio Tapaj6z, n. Brazil); idem, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 22 (Itai-
tuba); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 511 (Villa Braga, Rio Tapa-
J6z), 532 (Arumatheua, R. Tocantins); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910,
p. 349 (Calama, Rio Madeira); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914,
p. 282 (Arumatheua, R. Tocantins; Boim, Villa Braga, R. Tapajtfz).

Myrmotherula ornata (not of SCLATER) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 81
(Salto Theotonio, Destacamento do Ribeirao, Rio Madeira; spec, in Vienna
Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Tocantins
to the Rio Madeira.

*Mynnotherula haematonota (Sclater). RUFOUS-BACKED ANT WREN.

Formicivora haematonota SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, June 1857, p. 48 (Chami-
curos, e. Peru; type in British Museum examined by C. E. H.; = o" juv.).

Myrmotherula haematonota SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 235 (Chami-
curos; descr. o" juv.); SCLATER and SALVIN, 1. c., 1866, p. 185 (upper Ucayali,
Marabitanas) ; idem, 1. c., 1867, p. 750, 756 (Xeberos, Chyavetas); idem, I.e.,
1873. P- 274 (upper Ucayali, Xeberos, Chyavetas, Chamicuros, e. Peru);
PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 81 (Borba, b Rio Madeira; below Santa Bar-
bara, 11 Marabitanas, b R. Negro); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 30
(Yurimaguas) ; idem, Oin. P&rou, 2, 1884, p. 40 (Peruvian localities) ; SCLATER,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 235 (Chamicuros, b Chyavetas, b upper
Ucayali, b e. Peru); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 70 (Teff6, Rio Soli-
moes; crit.), 384 (Borba, Humaytha, R. Madeira); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910,
p. 349 (Calama, Rio Madeira); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 205 (Rio
Jurua); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 16 (Cachoeira, R. Purvis),
511 (Villa Braga, R. Tapaj6z); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 282 (Boim,

Myrmotherula ornata hoffmannsi HELLMAYR: Male very much like the typical
race, but of a clearer, more bluish slate gray with the chestnut dorsal area less
extensive, and the brownish suffusion on the flanks more restricted. Female quite
different from that of ornata by having the throat uniform deep ochraceous like the
belly (instead of black spotted with white); the apical spots to the wing coverts
buff instead of pure white, and only a small irregular chestnut patch in the middle
of the back, instead of the entire back and rump being of that color. Wing (three
50-53, (three 9 9) 51-53; tail 34-36, once 39; bill 14-15. C. E. H.

b Specimens examined by C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 147

Pinhal, Villa Braga, R. Tapaj6z; Cachoeira, R. Purus b ); CHERRIE, Mus.
Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 284 (upper Orinoco, above the second
falls; Suapure, La Union, Caura R.).

Myrmotherula pyrrhonota SCLATER and SALVIN,' Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., 1873,
p. 1 60 (Marabi tanas, b Rio Negro [which I designate as type locality] and
"Oyapoc, Cayenne") ; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 236 (same
localities); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 73 (Nericagua,
Munduapo, upper Orinoco; Suapure, La Pricion, Nicare, Caura R. b ); BER-
LEPSCH, 1. c., 15, 1908, p. 155 ("Oyapoc").

Myrmotherula pyrrhonota amazonica JHERING, Revista Mus. Paul., 6, May
1 9O5. P- 44O (Rio Jurud, w. Brazil; types in Museu Paulista examined by
C. E. H.).

Myrmopagis haematonota CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917,
p. 374 (La Murelia, Caqueta, se. Colombia).

Range: Venezuela (Caura Valley; upper Orinoco); southeastern
Colombia (Caqueta region); northern Brazil (Rio Negro, Rio Solimoes;
south of the Amazon Valley from the Tapajoz westwards to the Madeira,
Jurud and Purus rivers) ; eastern Peru. 8

i: Peru (Yurimaguas).

*Myrmotherula erythrura Sclater* RUFOUS-TAILED ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula erythrura SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 236, pi. 15
(o", 9) (Rio Napo [type], Sarayacu, e. Ecuador b ); SALVADORI and FESTA,
Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, p. 29 (Rio Santiago, e. Ecuador b );
HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft to, 1920, p. 97 (Yahuarmayo, n. Puno,
se. Peru; crit.).

Range: Eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo, Sarayacu, Rio Santiago) and
eastern Peru (Puerto Bermudez, Rio Pichis, eastern Junin; Yahuar-
mayo, affluent of Rio Inambari, northern Puno).

5: Peru (Puerto Bermudez).

Myrmotherula erythronotos (Hartlaub).* BLACK-BELLIED ANT WREN.
Formicivora erythronotos HARTLAUB, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2nd ser.), 4, 1852, p. 4
(Brasilia; type in Hamburg Museum; = o").

As pointed out elsewhere (Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 70) there does not appear
to be any constant difference between specimens from Peru (haematonota) and
others from the Rio Negro-Orinoco district (pyrrhonota), the supposed characters
being attributable partly to age, partly to individual variation. C. E. H.

b Specimens examined by C. E. H.

The locality "Oyapoc, Cayenne" attached to some specimens bought from
Madame Verdey (of Paris) requires confirmation.

d Myrmotherula erythrura SCLATER: This rare species is nearest to M. haema-
tonota, but may be distinguished by its longer, bright rufous tail and by the male
having the throat uniform pale cinereous like the chest, besides several minor
characters. Seventeen specimens examined by C. E. H.

Myrmotherula erythronotos (HARTLAUB) : Adult male with head all round, hind
neck and breast slate black, abdomen slate gray, lower flanks washed with pale
brownish; sides of breast, axillaries and broad margin along inner web of quills

148 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Formicivora erythronota BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 75
("Neu Freiburg," Prov. Rio; descr. o* ad. and imm.).

Myrmotherula erythronota SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 236 (se. Brazil,
Prov. Rio; descr. o", 9 ); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 237 (se. Brazil;
descr. o", 9); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., I, 1907, p. 206 (Novo Friburgo, Prov.
Rio).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, Prov. Rio de Janeiro.*

Myrmotherula axillaris luctuosa Pelzeln. b MOURNING ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula luctuosa PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 82, 153 (part,
descr. of c? only; types in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.; Bahia,
e. Brazil).

Myiothera fuliginosa (not of LICHTENSTEIN) WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2),
1831, p. 1067 (se. Brazil; descr. cf, 9).

Myrmothera axillaris (not of VIEILLOT) MENETRIES, M6m. Ac. Sci. St. P6tersb.,
(6th sen), 3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 478 (Rio de Janeiro; descr. o" , 9).

Formicivora axillaris (errore) BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 76
(Rio de Janeiro; descr. d").

Myrmothera axillaris SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 236 (part; Rio de
Janeiro).

Myrmotherula melanogastra (not of SPIX) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 81
(Sapitiba, Rio de Janeiro; spec, examined by C. E. H.); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 240 (Pernambuco, Bahia, e. Brazil); HARTERT, Kat.
Samml. Mus. Senckenb. Ges., 1891, p. 112 (Brazil; descr. 9, examined by
C. E. H. in Frankfurt Museum).

Myrmotherula melanogaster (errore) JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, 1900, p. 158
(Cantagallo).

Myrmophila melanogastra (errore) CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 1874, p. 86 (Canta-
gallo, Prov. Rio).

silky white; back chestnut rufous; lesser upper wing coverts white, the remaining
ones black, with narrow white apical edges; upper tail coverts slate gray; remiges
and tail dull black. The immature male has the top and sides of the head dark slate
gray instead of black. The female differs by having the pileum, hind neck and upper
tail coverts olive brownish; the upper wing coverts blackish brown with broader
buff edges; the sides of the head and under parts light ochraceous, except for the
lateral portion of the breast and axillaries which are silky white as in the male.

Wing (three 0*0", one 9) 48^-50; tail 40-43; bill 13^-14- C. E. H.
The only ascertained locality is Novo Friburgo.

b Myrmotherula axillaris luctuosa PELZELN: Male differs from typical axillaris
by having much less white on the flanks, these parts being mostly pale gray or
grayish white, and by the longer white tips to the lateral rectrices; female easily dis-
tinguishable by ashy pileum and hind neck, grayish olive (instead of light brown)
back; less russet margins of the quills, and distinct, dull buffy apical spots to the
upper wing coverts. Seventeen specimens (ten o"o", two 9 9 from Bahia, one cf
Rio de Janeiro, one 9 Sapitiba, one cf, two 9 9 from Espirito Santo) examined
by C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 149

Myrmotherula axillaris luctuosa HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22,
No. 3, 1906, p. 664, 665 (crit.; descr. d\ 9 , e. Brazil, from Pernambuco to
Rio de Janeiro*); JHERING, Cat. P. Braz., i, 1907, p. 206 (Porto Cachoeiro,
Pao Gigante, Espirito Santo; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Myrmopagis axillaris luctuosa LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12, (2), 1920, p. 98
(Ilh6os-Belmonte, s. Bahia).

Range: Eastern Brazil, in states of Pernambuco, Bahia, Espirito
Santo and Rio de Janeiro.

*Myrmotherula axillaris axillaris ( Vieilloi). WHITE-FLANKED ANT
WREN.

Myrmothcra axillaris VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 12, 1817,
p. 113 ("La Guyane" = Cayenne) ; D'ORBIGNY, Voyage AmeY. meiid., Ois.,
1838, p. 183 (Yuracares, Bolivia).

Myiothera fuliginosa LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 45,
No. 483 (part; spec, ex Cayenne).

Thamnophilus melanogaster SPIX, Av. Bras., 2, 1825, p. 31, pi. 43, fig. i (=c?)
(Curupa = Gurupa, delta of the Amazon, n. Brazil; type in Munich Museum
examined by C. E. H.; see HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22,
No. 3, 1906, p. 664).

TamnophUus Lafresnayanus LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av. f i, in Mag.
Zool., 7, cl. 2, 1837, p. 13 (Yuracares, ne. Bolivia; type in Paris Museum
examined; = 9 ; see HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 203).

Formicivora Lafresnayana D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r. mend., Ois., 1838 p. 182,
pi. 6, fig. i (Yuracares; =9).

Myrmotherula axillaris SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 236 (part; Trini-
dad, Cayenne, Brit. Guiana, Bolivia, upper Amazon); TAYLOR, Ibis, 1864,
p. 85 (Trinidad); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 82 (Villa Maria [ = San
Luis de Caceres], Engenho do Gama, Matto Grosso, S. Vicente, w. Matto
Grosso; Borba, Rio Madeira; spec, in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.) ;
SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 186 (upper Ucayali, e. Peru);
idem, 1. c., 1867, p. 576 (Capim River); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 274 (part; upper
Ucayali, Xeberos, Chamicuros, Santa Cruz, e. Peru); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1882, p. 30 ( Yurimaguas) ; idem, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 47 (part;
upper Ucayali, Xeberos, Chamicuros, Chyavetas); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 425
(Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Merum6 Mts., Brit. Guiana); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 238 (Guiana, Lower Amazonia, Trinidad); CHAP-
MAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 6, 1894, P- 5 1 (Princestown, Trinidad);
BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 73 (Suapure, La Pricion,
Nicare, Caura River, Venezuela); MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, 1904,
p. 176 (Ouanary, Saint Georges-d'Oyapock, French Guiana); BERLEPSCH,
Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 155 (Cayenne, Rio Approuague, Ipousin, French
Guiana); HELLMAYR, 1. c., 13, 1906, p. 32 (Caparo, Trinidad); CHERRIE,
Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., I, No. 13, 1908, p. 366 (Carenage, Trinidad);

The range does not extend farther south than Rio de Janeiro. Sao Paulo was
included on the authority of Jhering's record (Rev. Mus. Paul., 5, 1902, p. 275)
which, by examination of the specimens, turned out to be referable to M. minor.
C. E. H.

150 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 440 (Rio Jurua); idem, Cat. P. Braz. ,
i, 1907, p. 206 (R. Jurua); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Phil.
Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 49 (crit.; Bolivia); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith.,
56, 1908, p. 16 (Cachoeira, R. Puriis), 511 (Goyana, Villa Braga, R. Tapa-
J6z), 532 (Arumatheua, R. Tocantins); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914,
p. 284 (numerous localities in Lower Amazonia).

Myrtnotherula axillaris melanogastra RIKER and CHAPMAN, Auk, 8, 1891, p. 28
(Diamantina, near Santarem).

Myr mother ula axillaris axillaris HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss.,
22, No. 3, 1906, p. 665 (crit.; Guianas, Amazonia, n. Bolivia); idem, Nov.
Zool., 13, 1906, p. 368 (S. Antonio do Prata, Para) ; idem, 1. c., 14, 1907, p. 22
(Itaituba, R. Tapaj6z), 69 (Teff6), 383 (Humaytha, Borba, Rio Madeira);
idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 349 (Maroins, Rio Machados); idem, Abhandl. math,
phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 46 (Peixe-Boi, Ipitinga), 92
(Pard localities); idem, Nov. Zool., 28, 1921, p. 203 (Bolivia; crit.).

Myrmopagis axillaris CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 282
(Suapure, Nicare, La Pricion, Caura R.); CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2,
1921, p. 30 (British Guiana); BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
62, 1918, p. 68 (Paramaribo, Lelydorp, Surinam).

Myrmotherula melaena (not of SCLATER) SCLATER and SAL YIN, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1866, p. 186 (lower Ucayali); idem, 1. c., 1867, p. 750 (Xeberos, Chyavetas);
idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 274 (lower Ucayali, Xeberos, Chyavetas, Chamicuros);
TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6rou, 2, 1884, p. 48 (part; Ucayali, Xeberos, Chyavetas,
Chamicuros, Yurimaguas); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 239
(part; spec, n, o, q, r, Xeberos, Chamicuros, ne. Peru).

Range: Trinidad; eastern Venezuela (Caura Valley); Guianas;
northern Brazil, on the north bank of the Amazon so far west as the
Rio Jamunda, south of the river from Maranhao west to eastern Peru
(Yurimaguas, lower Huallaga; Ucayali), south to western Matto
Grosso (Rio Guapore"), northern Bolivia, and southeastern Peru
(Yahuarmayo, Rio Inambari, northern Puno). 8

18: French Guiana (Saint-Jean-du-Maroni i); Brazil, (Conceigao 3,
Serra Grande, Rio Branco i, Tury-assii, Maranhao 3); Bolivia (Rio
San Antonio 2, Rio Espirito Santo i); Peru (Puerto Bermudez 2,
Moyobamba 2, Rioja i, Yurimaguas 2).

* In spite of this extensive range, I have not been able to make out any local
variation, at least as far as the male sex is concerned. A large series from Trinidad,
French Guiana, the Caura Valley and Lower Amazonia (Para district, including
the type of T. melanogaster SPIX) appear to be inseparable from ten examples
secured in se. Peru (Yahuarmayo) and n. Bolivia. Birds from the Ucayali and Puerto
Bermudez (Rio Pichis) are typically gray backed, exactly like others from the
Guianas. In n. Peru, Dept. Loreto (Chyavetas, Yurimaguas, Moyobamba, Rioja),
however, axillaris intergrades with melaena, some specimens being more like the
former, others hardly distinguishable from the latter, to which I have no hesita-
tion in referring a number of adult males taken at Iquitos and Pebas, north bank
of the Marafton. Females show certain differences, but my material is top scanty
to make sure whether they are of individual or racial significance. Eighty-six
specimens examined by C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 151

*Myrmotherula axillaris melaena (Sclater). BLACK ANT WREN.

Formicivora melaena SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, Oct. 1857, p. 239 ("Bogota,"
Colombia; descr. o*).

Myrmotherula melaena SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 237 (Bogota; descr.
cf); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, 1868, p. 82 (Marabitanas, Rio Icanna, Rio
Negro district; spec, in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.); TACZANOW-
SKI, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 48 (part; Iquitos, ne. Peru); SCLATER, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 239 (part; spec, h-k, 1, m, p, s-v, Bogotd, Sarayacu,
e. Ecuador; Pebas, Iquitos, ne. Peru); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool.,
9, 1902, p. 74 (Maipures, Perico, Bichaco, Munduapo, R. Orinoco; Sara-
yacu, e. Ecuador; descr. nest and eggs; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Formicivora axillaris (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, 1855,
p. 147 (Bogota).

Myrmotherula axillaris (errore) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867,
p. 978 (Pebas); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 274 (part; Pebas); TACZANOWSKI, Orn.
Perou, 2, 1884, p. 47 (part; Pebas).

Myrmopagis axillaris melaena CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
I 9 I 7f P- 374 (Florencia, La Morelia, se. Colombia).

Myrmopagis melaena RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 68 (part;
Bogotd, e. Ecuador, ne. Peru); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2,
1916, p. 282 (River Orinoco, from the first falls upwards; nest and eggs descr.).

Myrmopagis melaena melaena TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14,
1922, p. 311 (Fundacion, Trojas de Cataca, Santa Marta region).

Range: Venezuela (upper Orinoco, from the Falls of Maipures
upwards, and in southern Zulia) ; eastern Colombia, from the mouth of
the Rio Magdalena southwards, also on the eastern base of the eastern
Andes, Colombia, and in northwestern Brazil, on the upper Rio Negro ;
eastern Ecuador, and northeastern Peru (Pebas, Iquitos, north bank
of Rio Maranon).*

5: Colombia ("Bogota" i); Venezuela (Orope, Zulia 4).

*Myrmotherula axillaris albigula Lawrence* LAWRENCE'S ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula albigula LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 8, 1867, p. 131 (Pan-
ama Railroad, descr. 9 ; see SALVIN, Ibis, 1874, p. 317 [crit.]).

Myrmotherula axillaris (not of VIEILLOT) CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 5,
1908, p. 8 (Rio Sicsola, Costa Rica).

Myrmotherula melaena (not of SCLATER) SALVIN, Ibis, 1874, P- 3" (Truando,
Panama, Costa Rica); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 525

Birds from Iquitos agree perfectly with those from "Bogota", while a series
from the upper Orinoco and two males from the Rio Negro are less blackish, pointing
toward M. a. axillaris. Twenty-six specimens examined by C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula, axillaris albigula LAWRENCE: Male averaging darker, more of a
jet black; female duller buff below, with more dusky suffusion on the chest. This is
not a very well marked race, and its characters are appreciable only when series
are compared. Fifteen specimens from Costa Rica, w. Colombia and w. Ecuador
examined by C. E. H.

152 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

(Neche, Antioquia); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 239 (part;
spec, a-g, Angostura, Costa R : ca; Panama; Antioquia, Colombia); SALVA-
DOR: and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, p. 30 (Rio Peripa,
w. Ecuador); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 64 (Santo Domingo, w. Ecuador);
CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910, p. 608 (Caribbean lowlands of
Costa Rica).

Myrmotherula axillaris meaelna (typog. err.) HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911,
p. 1162 (N6vita, w. Colombia).

Myrmopagis melaena RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 68 (part;
s. Honduras to Panama, w. Colombia [Rio Truando, Turbo, Neche] and
w. Ecuador).

Myrmopagis axillaris albigula CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, 1917,
P- 375 (Alto Bonito, Dabeiba, Baudo, Juntas de Tamana, N6vita, S. Jos6,
Barbacoas, w. Colombia; Puerto Valdivia, lower Cauca); BANGS and B AR-
BOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, 1922, p. 207 (Mt. Sap6, Rio Esnape, Rio
Jesusito, Darien).

Range: From southern Honduras (Rio Segovia), Costa Rica, and
Panama through Pacific Colombia (ranging east to the lower Cauca
(Puerto Valdivia) and its affluent, the Rio Neche) to western Ecuador.

3: Costa Rica (Siguirres 2, Orosi i).

*Myrmotherula schisticolor schisticolor (Lawrence). LAWRENCE'S
SLATY ANT WREN.

Formicivora schisticolor LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 8, 1865, p. 173 (Tur-
rialba, Costa Rica; descr. c? juv.); idem, 1. c., 9, 1869, p. 108 (Turrialba,
Barranca, Costa Rica).

Myrmotherula modesta LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 9, March 1869, p.
108 (Grecia, Costa Rica; = 9 ad.).

Myrmotherula nigro-rufa BOUCARD, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (n. s.), 25, 1878, p. 48
(types, o" juv. from Naranjo, Costa Rica, 9 from "Guatemala," now in
Paris Museum, examined by C. E. H.).

Myrmotherula menetriesi* (not of D'ORBIGNY) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860,
p. 67 (Pallatanga), 89 (Nanegal, w. Ecuador); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B.,
1862, p. 180 (part; spec, d, e, Pallatanga, Nanegal); SALVIN, 1. c., 1867,
p. 144 (Santiago de Veragua); idem, 1. c., 1870, p. 195 (Calovevora, Chitra,
Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui); idem, Ibis, 1874, P- 3 IO > 3 11 (crit.; Veragua,
Chiriqui, Costa Rica; Vera Paz, Guatemala); BOUCARD, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1878, p. 61 (Naranjo de Cartago, Costa Rica); BERLEPSCH and TACZAN-
OWSKI, 1. c., 1883, p. 564 (part; Chimbo); idem, 1. c., 1884, p. 302 (Surupata,
w. Ecuador); ZELEDON, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, 1887, p. 115 (Bar-
ranca, Pozo Azul de Pirris, Costa Rica); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 240 (part; spec, a-z, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Veragua, Chiriqui;
Pallatanga, Nanegal, w. Ecuador); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ.,
Aves, 2, 1892, p. 211 (part; Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama;
w. Ecuador); CHERRIE, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Costa Rica, 6, 1893, p. 19

Sometimes spelled menetriesii.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 153

(Pozo del Pital, Costa Rica); idem, Expl. Zool. me'rid. Costa Rica, 1893,
p. 41 (Lagarto, Boruca, Terraba, sw. Costa Rica); SALVADOR: and FESTA,
Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, 1899, p. 30 (Peripa, w. Ecuador) ; GOODFELLOW,
Ibis, 1902, p. 65 (Gualea, w. Ecuador); BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3,
1902, p. 41 (Boquete, Volcan de Chiriqui); BANGS, Auk, 24, 1907, p. 296
(Boruca, Pozo del Rio Grande, sw. Costa Rica); MENEGAUX, Miss. Mes.
Arc Mend. Equat., 9, 1911, p. B 33 ("Quito").

Myrmotherula schisticolor HELLMAYR, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 53, 1903,
p. 210 (crit., part; Guatemala and Central America); MENEGAUX and
HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 50 (crit.).

Myrmotherula menetriesi schisticolor CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, 1910,
p. 609 (Costa Rica; habits).

Myrmopagis schisticolor RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, 1911, p. 70
(part; Guatemala to Panama).

Myrmotherula schisticolor schisticolor HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1163
(Siat6, w. Colombia; crit.).

Myrmopagis schisticolor schisticolor CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
36, 1917, p. 375 (Alto Bonito, Rio Atrato; Las Lomitas, S. Antonio, Ricaurte,
w. Andes; La Frijolera, Miraflores, Cauca R.).

Range: Central America, from Guatemala to Panama, and western
Colombia (coast range, Cauca Valley, western slope of central Andes)
and western Ecuador, south to Prov. El Oro. a

7: Nicaragua (San Rafael del Norte i); Costa Rica (Boruca 3,
Lagarto i); Panama (Boquete i); Ecuador (Chimbo i).

Myrmotherula schisticolor sanctae-martae Allen* SANTA MARTA
ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula sanctae-martae ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13, 1900,

p. 1 60 (Valparaiso, Santa Marta Mts., n. Colombia [type]; Los Palmales,

Bermudez, ne. Venezuela; descr. cf).
Hylophilus brunneus ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13, 1900, p. 171 (Las

Nubes, Santa Marta Mts.; = 9 ad., see HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 20, 1913,

P- 235)-
Myrmotherula sp. ind., SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 168 (Caripe,

Bermudez).

* Birds from Colombia and w. Ecuador are possibly separable subspecifically.
While males (of which I have examined a good series) do not differ from Central
American specimens, two females (one from Lita, Prov. Esmeraldas; the other from
Siat6, w. Colombia) approach M. s. interior by their dusky brown tail and dull
grayish olive back, the latter being, however, not pure slate gray as in the last named
race. C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula schisticolor sanctae-martae ALLEN: Male differs from M. s. schisti-
color in having the black color below restricted to throat and middle of foreneck,
while the female is usually more of a grayish, less brownish olive above. Twenty-
four specimens (two from Santa Marta region, six from Carabobo, sixteen from
Bermudez) examined by C. E. H.

154 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Myrmotherula menetriesi (not of D'ORBIGNY) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lend, 1869, p. 252 (San Esteban, Carabobo); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
15, 1890, p. 240 (part; spec, b', c', "Puerto Cabello," San Esteban, Ven-
ezuela).

Myrmotherula schisticolor sanctae-martac HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911,
p. 1163, in text (crit.; range); HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78,
A, Heft 5, 1912, p. 124 (Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo; Los Palmales, Que-
brada Secca, Bermudez; crit.).

Myrmopagis schisticolor sanctae-martae CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
33, 1914, p. 615, 616 in text (from the Santa Marta district along the Carib-
bean coast region of Venezuela to Cristobal Colon, Paria peninsula');
TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, 1922, p. 310 (Valparaiso,
Cincinnati, Santa Marta district).

Range : Subtropical zone in the Caribbean coast region of northern
Colombia (Santa Marta district) and northern Venezuela (in states of
Carabobo and Bermudez).

*Myrmotherula schisticolor interior (Chapman}.* CHAPMAN'S SLATY
ANT WREN.

Myrmopagis schisticolor interior CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 33, 1914,
p. 614 (Buena Vista, east slope of e. Andes above Villavicencio, Colombia;
type in Coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, examined by C. E. H.); idem, 1. c., 36,
1917, p. 375 (La Palma, La Candela, near S. Agustin, east slope of c. Andes;
Aguadita, near Bogotd; Buena Vista and La Morelia, e. Colombia).

Myrmotherula menetriesi (not of D'ORBIGNY) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond.,
1874, p. 530 (Amable Maria, Paltaypampa, c. Peru); idem, 1. c., 1882,
p. 30 (Huambo, n. Peru); idem, Orn. Per., 2, 1884, p. 45 (Amable Maria,
Huambo); BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 564 (part;
spec, ex Bogota); TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, 1. c., 1885, p. 101 (Machay,
Mapoto, e. Ecuador ); BERLEPSCH, Zeits. ges. Orn., 4, 1887, p. 185
(Bogotd ).

Myrmotherula schisticolor (not of LAWRENCE) BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN,
Orm's, 13, 1906, p. 117 (Huaynapata, Marcapata ).

The males from Tumatumari, British Guiana, and Mount Duida, mentioned
by P. M. Chapman, prove, on examination, to belong to M. longipennis. C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula schisticolor interior (CHAPMAN) : Male similar to M . s. schisticolor,
but the black pectoral area usually less extended abdominally, and the black-and-
white apical markings on the rectrices barely indicated; female much more different,
having the back slate gray, instead of brownish or buffy olive, the tail and wings
exteriorly margined with olivaceous brown instead of russet, and the upper wing
coverts dusky rather than russet brown.

Females from Peru (Huachipa and Marcapata) agree well with four from Buena
Vista and one from Machay, eastern Ecuador, though some have the crown more
strongly washed with buffy while others are much deeper ochraceous beneath.
Another specimen from Marcapata (Huaynapata), with brownish olive back, is
hardly distinguishable from certain west Ecuadorian females. Nineteen specimens
(4 Buena Vista, 4 "Bogota"; 2 Machay, eastern Ecuador; i Amable Maria, 5
Huachipa, 3 Marcapata) examined by C. E. H.

Specimens examined by C. E. H.

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 155

Range : Subtropical zone of eastern Colombia (eastern slope of cen-
tral Andes; eastern Andes), eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru (in
depts. Loreto, Huanuco, Junin, Cuzco), south to the Valley of Mar-
capata."

6: Colombia ("Bogota" i); Peru (Huachipa, Dept. Hudnuco 5).

*Mynnotherula longipennis longipennis Pelzeln* LONG-WINGED ANT
WREN.

Myrmotherula longipennis PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p. 82, 153
(Rio Negro, Marabitanas; types in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.;
descr. d", 9); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 426 (Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Brit.
Guiana); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 241 (part; descr. of d 1
only; spec, a-e, i, j, m, n, Bartica Grove, Camacusa; Oyapoc, Cayenne;
Sarayacu, Rio Napo, e. Ecuador; spec, examined by C. E. H.); BERLEPSCH
and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, 1902, p. 74 (Suapure, La Union, La Pricion,
Nicare, Caura R., Venezuela; spec, examined by C. E. H.); JHERING, Rev.
Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 441, pi. 15, fig. i ( = c?) (Rio Jurua; spec, examined
by C. E. H.); idem, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 207 (Rio Jurua; Santarem);
MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (9th sen), 8, 1906,
p. 51 (Cayenne; crit.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 69 (Teffe, Rio
Solimoes), 383 (Borba, Rio Madeira); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 350 (Maroins,
Rio Machados); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 156 (Ipousin, Rio
Approuague); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Omith., 56, 1908, p. 511 (Villa Braga,
Rio Tapaj6z) ; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p- 285 (part; Xingu [Victoria],
Rio Tapaj6z [Villa Braga], Rio Jamauchim [Sta. Elena]; Rio Jary [S. Antonio
da Cachoeira]); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916, p. 284
(Caura Valley).

Myiothera pusilla (Cuvier Ms.) PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, livr. 3, 1855,
P- 335 (part; descr. 9 , Cayenne).

Myrmophila vavasouri CHUBB, Bull. B. O. C., 38, 1918, p. 83 (Ituribisci River,
Brit. Guiana; types in Coll. McConnell); idem, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921,
p. 32 (Ituribisci, Supenaam, Makauria R. f Anarica R., Bartica, Camacusa).

F. M. Chapman (1. c., p. 615) extends its range east to the "Tropical zone of
the Orinoco"; but the five females from Suapure and Mato River, Caura district,
and the foot of Mt. Duida, upon which this statement is based, turn out to belong
to M. menetriesi cinereiventris and M. m. pallida respectively. C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula 1. longipennis PELZELN: This species is more nearly related to
AT. schisticolor than to any other member of the genus, both agreeing very well in
proportions, and in shape of bill. The male may, however, easily be recognized by the
decidedly clearer slate gray of the plumage, especially below; by the black gular
patch being rounded posteriorly and restricted to throat and middle of foreneck;
by the large white tips to the rectrices; by the lesser wing coverts and outer scapulars
being white, forming an extensive shoulder patch. The female is even more distinct,
having only throat, foreneck and under tail coverts buff, while the abdomen is
extensively white medially, shaded with brownish olive or grayish brown along the
flanks. C. E. H.

"The type, No. 15,226 d 1 ad., March 14, 1831, is from Marabitanas, upper
Rio Negro. Another male was obtained on November n, 1830, on the lower Rio
Negro, half way between Manaos and Ayrao, and a young female at Santa Barbara,
above Sao Gabriel, on January 7, 1831. C. E. H.

156 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Formicivora menetriesi (not of D'ORBIGNY) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, 1858,
p. 67 (Rio Napo; spec, now in Brit. Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Myrmotherula menetriesi SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, 1858, p. 237 (part; Rio
Napo); idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. B., 1862, p. 180 (part; Rio Napo).

Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana; eastern Venezuela
(Rio Yuruan*; Caura Valley ; foot of Mt. Duida, upper Orinoco* 1 ) ; north-
ern Brazil (Rio Jary ; Rio Negro ; south of the Amazon from the Xingu
westwards, south to northern Matto Grosso, west to the Rio Jurua
and Teffe", R. Solimoes); eastern Peru (Puerto Bermudez, Rio Pichis,
eastern Junin); eastern Ecuador; southeastern Colombia (Cuembi,
Rio Putumayo d ). e

i: Peru (Puerto Bermudez).

4 Male and female in the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. C. E. H.

b An adult male in the American Museum of Nat. Hist., New York. C. E. H.

Specimens from Barao Melgaco and Roosevelt River in the same Museum.
C. E. H.

d A female obtained by G. Hopke in the Berlepsch Collection. C. E. H.

With more ample material it might be possible to subdivide the typical form
into two local races. Males from French and British Guiana (M. vavasouri) are
absolutely indistinguishable from the typical examples, secured by Natterer on
the Rio Negro, the belly and sides of the head being of a rather dark, uniform slate
gray. In describing M. vavasouri, C. Chubb evidently compared his Guianan speci-
mens with the male from the Capim River, which is indeed much paler ("ash gray"),
but it belongs to M. I. paraensis\ A series from Venezuela (Caura-Orinoco basin)
are not separable either, although some are slightly paler on the belly.

Males from south of the Amazon (Borba, Maroins, Rio Jurud, Rio Roosevelt,
Puerto Bermudez) average lighter below and have the cheeks and auriculars dis-
tinctly streaked with silvery white. They are, however, not so light-colored as
M. I. paraensis, and the females are much nearer longipennis. Two from Calama (Rio
Madeira) and Maroins (R. Machados), in coloration of under parts, agree with
longipennis, and differ from Guianan specimens only by slightly duller, less russet
back, wing coverts and quills. A female from "Teodoro River" ( = Rio Roosevelt,
northern Matto Grosso), on the other hand, is an exact duplicate of longipennis,
as far as the upper parts are concerned, but it approaches paraensis by its brighter
ochreous throat and chest, and by having the belly tinged with buffy.

MEASUREMENTS

ADULT MALES WING

One from Marabi tanas (type) 61

One from lower Rio Negro 60

Six from French Guiana 58,59,60,62,62,62

Five from British Guiana 59,60,61,61,63

One from Rio Yuruan, Venezuela 63

Four from Rio Caura, Venezuela 58,60,61,

One from foot of Mt. Duida, Venezuela 61

Three from e. Ecuador (Napo) 59,60,62

One from Puerto Bermudez, Peru 60

One from Teff6, Rio Solimoes 58

One from Borba, Rio Madeira 63

One from Maroins, Rio Machados 57

One from Rio Jurua 59
Two from n. Matto Grosso (Barao Melgago

and Rio Roosevelt) 58,61 ^

TAIL

37

36

35.36,36,38,

38,38^

34X.37.37.

37,39

37

34.36,36,36

37

34.36,36
35
33
36

30 (!)
31

33.34

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 157

Mynnotherula longipennis paraensis (Todd).* PARA ANT WREN.

Myrmopagis paraensis TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 33, 1920, p. 73 (Benevides,
Para, ne. Brazil; descr. o", 9).

Myrmotherula brevicauda (not of SWAINSON) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S.
Lond., 1867, p. 376 (Capim R. ; o" in Brit. Mus. examined by C. E. H.).

Myrmotherula longipennis (not of PELZELN) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 241 (part; spec, g, Capim River); HELLMAVR, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905,
p. 286 (Igarap6 Assii); idem, 1. c., 13, 1906, p. 369 (S. Antonio do Prata);
SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 285 (R. Capim, Guama; spec,
examined by C. E. H.); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak.
Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 46 (Peixe-Boi), 92 (Pard localities); SNETHLAGE,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 285 (part; Para, Providencia, Ananindeua,
Benevides, Sta. Isabel, Castanhal, Peixe-Boi, Ourem, R. Guama; Resacca,
R. Capim, Par district).

Myrmotherula menetriesii cinereiventris (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) HELLMAYR,
Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 45 (part;
9 9, No. 1,165, 1,166, Peixe-Boi).

Range: Northeastern Brazil, Para district, from the Tocantins east
to the Guama.

Mynnotherula minor Salvadori. b SALVADORI'S ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula minor SALVADORI, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 7, 1864, p. 157 (Brazil;
type in Turin Museum examined by C. E. H.; = cT); HELLMAYR, Abhandl.

ADULT FEMALES WING TAIL

One from Rio Negro 57 36

Two from French Guiana 56, 58 35,37

One from British Guiana 57 36

One from Rio Yuruan, Venezuela 59 34

Eight from Rio Caura, Venezuela 57,58,58,58,58, 34,35,35,35,36.

59,60,60 36,37,3?

One from Rio Putumayo, Colombia 59 34

One from Calama, Rip Madeira 58 34

One from Maroins, Rio Machados 57 33

One from n. Matto Grosso (Rio Roosevelt) 57 32
C. E. H.

Myrmotherula longipennis paraensis (Toon): Male exceedingly similar to the
typical race, but upper parts paler slate gray; sides of head and under parts much
lighter, almost whitish gray. Female at once recognizable by having the crown,
back, as well as the edges of the quills and tail feathers, brownish olive instead of
russet or cinnamon brown; the upper wing coverts broadly, though rather indistinctly
margined with dingy isabelline; the sides of the head paler ochraceous buff; the entire
under surface ochraceous buff; the inner margin to the remiges whitish instead of
buff. Wing 57-60; tail 31-33; bill 13-14.

The female bears a certain resemblance to that of M. m. cinereiventris, but may
be distinguished by its brownish olive (instead of cinereous) upper and paler, more
ochraceous buff under parts.

Eight specimens from Peixe-Boi, Igarap6-Assu, S. Antonio, Guama and Capim
examined by C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula minor SALVADORI: I have alluded elsewhere (Abhandl. 2. Kl.
Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 665-6) to the variation of the tail markings in the male.

158 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 665 (crit.), 666 (Rio de Janeiro,

S. Paulo, se. Brazil); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 207 (S. Sebastiao,

Ubatuba, S. Paulo; spec, examined by C. E. H.).
Formicivora brevicauda (not of SWAINSON) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, 1857,

p. 131 (Brazil, descr. o", 9 ; excl. hab. "Bahia" ex SWAINSON).
Myrmotherula brevicauda (errore) SCLATER, 1. c., 26, 1858, p. 237 (Rio; descr.

d", 9); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 242 (se. Brazil { = Rio], descr.

<?, 9; spec, in Brit. Museum examined); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4,

1900, p. 158 (Cantagallo) ; idem, 1. c., 6, 1905, p. 354 (S. Sebastiao, S. Paulo;

spec, examined by C. E. H.); DUBOIS, Syn. Av., i, 1900, p. 179, pi. 4, fig. 2

(cf), 3(9).
Myrmophila brevicauda (errore) CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 1874, p. 86 (Cantagallo,

Prov. Rio).
Myrmotherula melanogaster (not of SPIX) JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 5, 1902,

p. 275 (S. Sebastiao, S. Paulo; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Coast region of southeastern Brazil, in states of Rio de
Janeiro and Sao Paulo (Sao Sebastiao, Ubatuba, Alto da Serra). a

Myrmotherula iheringi Snethlage. b JHERING'S ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula iheringi SNETHLAGE, Ornith. Monatsber., 22, 1914, p. 41 (Boim,
left bank of lower Tapaj6z, n. Brazil; type in Goeldi Museum examined by
C. E. H.); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 285, 499 (Boim, Villa Braga,
R. Tapaj6z).

Those with rounded rectrices, having a distinct black subterminal band and narrow
white apical margin are no doubt fully adult, while those with pointed, nearly uniform
slate gray rectrices appear to represent an immature stage. There is every gradation
between the two extremes. The female can hardly be confused with any other
species. Pileum ashy, gradually passing into the pale brownish olive of the back;
upper wing coverts dusky brown, indistinctly tipped with olive buff; remiges exte-
riorly edged with olive orrusset brown; rectrices dusky brown, with bright russet edges;
sides of head buffy whitish, variegated with grayish olive on auriculars; throat whit-
ish, slightly fringed with dusky; remainder of under parts bright olive fulvous, deeper
on flanks and tail coverts; axillars, under wing coverts and quill lining bright isa-
belline. Wing (o 71 ) 47-50, (9) 47.K-49; tail 30-32; bill nJ^-12}^. Seventeen
specimens (eight cf cf, one 9 Rio; one o", one 9, Alto da Serra; one o", one 9,
Ubatuba; three c? c? 1 , one 9 , Sao Sebastiao, Sao Paulo) examined by C. E. H.

Miss Snethlage (Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 16; Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914,
p. 286) recorded M. minor from Bom Lugar, Rio Purtis. The specimen, an imma-
ture male (with russet brown edges to the greater upper wing coverts) I have care-
fully compared with a good series of M. minor, M. longipennis, the type of M. gar-
bei and a male of M. iheringi, and there can be no question that it has been cor-
rectly referred to the southeast Brazilian species. In coloration, it is an exact
duplicate of M. minor, but has slightly longer wings (51^) an <i a shorter tail (28).
However, the locality appears to be not absolutely certain, and the bird might have
come from the state of Rio de Janeiro instead. C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula iheringi SNETHLAGE: Male similar to M. minor, but bill much
stronger; upper wing coverts deeper black (without any trace of slate gray edges
along outer web) and with white apical spots rather than edges; axillars and undei
wing coverts pure white; no white edges to secondaries; rectrices uniform slate
gray, sometimes with a hardly perceptible whitish fringe at their tips. Female (from
Teodoro River =Rio Roosevelt) not unlike M. minor in general coloration; but above
pale slate gray (rather lighter than the male); upper wing coverts black with

1924. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 159

Myrmotherula garbei ? (not of JEERING) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 383
(Humaytha, Rio Madeira); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 350 (same locality);
SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 511 (Villa Braga, R. Tapaj6z);
idem, Orn. Monatsber., 20, 1912, p. 155 (Boim, R. Tapaj6z; note on 9).

Range: Northern Brazil, from the Rio Tapaj6z (Villa Braga and
Boim on the left bank) to the Rio Madeira (Humaytha), ranging south
to northern Matto Grosso (Barao Melgago, Rio Roosevelt)."

Mynnotherula garbei Jhering. b GARBE'S ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula garbei JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 441 pi. 15, fig. i
(Rio Jurua, w. Brazil; type in Museu Paulista examined by C. E. H.); idem,
Cat. Faun. Braz., I, 1907, p. 209 (Rio Jurua).

Range: Western Brazil (Rio Jurua).

Myrmotherula unicolor (Menetries).* PLAIN-COLORED ANT WREN.

Myrmothera unicolor MENETRIES, M6m. Ac. Sci. St. Pfitersb., (6th ser.), 3, Part 2,
(Sci. Nat.), 1835, p. 480, pi. 2, fig. i (no definite locality given; the type is,
no doubt, from Rio de Janeiro; see CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool. Mus. Polon.
Hist. Nat., i, 1921, p. 22).

Formicivora unicolor BURMEISTER, Syst. tJbers. Th. Bras., 3, 1856, p. 77 (descr.
o* ex MENETRIES).

large, buff apical spots; edges to remiges and tail feathers grayish or brownish olive
(instead of russet); under parts much paler buff (instead of fulvous). Wing (three
o" c?) 50, (one 9) 50; tail 27-29, bill 12-13.

In spite of its close resemblance in the male sex, M. iheringi appears to be but
distantly related to M. I. longipennis, which is also found in the same section of
Amazonia. Compared with a number of adult males from the Rio Madeira and Rio
Roosevelt, three males of M. iheringi are easily distinguishable by their much smaller
size, pure white (instead of slate gray) axillaries and under wing coverts, deep black
upper wing coverts (without slate gray edges along outer web), and by lacking the
distinct white terminal margin on the tail feathers. The females are totally
different. C. E. H.

An adult male from Humaytha is practically identical with a topotype from
the Tapaj6z, while one from Barao Melgaco, n. Matto Grosso, is somewhat
darker plumbeous with the black area beneath more extended. C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula garbei JHERING: This little known species, of which I have seen
only the male type, is closely related to M. iheringi. It is, however, somewhat larger
(wing, 55; tail, 30); the upper tail coverts are conspicuously tipped with black
(instead of being uniform slate gray); the black below is much more extensive,
covering the entire chest; the rectrices are conspicuously tipped with white. More
material is extremely desirable. C. E. H.

Myrmotherula unicolor (MENETRIES) : Male easily recognizable, among the slate
gray species with black gular patch, by the uniform upper wing coverts without any
white markings. The female somewhat resembles that of M . minor, but is of a brighter,
more fulvous brown above, with the pileum and hindneck more olivaceous (less
grayish); the throat more purely white, without dusky vermiculations, the breast
much paler, olive buff, the flanks and under tail coverts lighter fulvous; besides,
the tail is considerably longer. Wing (five cfo") 49-51, (four 99) 47-49; tail 34-
36.K; bill 12-13. Eleven specimens (one o", two 9 9, Rio de Janeiro, one o", two

9 9 , two juv. Ubatuba, one o" Iguapfi, two o" o" Blumenau, Santa Catharina)
examined by C. E. H.

160 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Myrmotherula unicolor PELZELN, Orn. Bras., a, Sept. 1868, p. 82 (Registo do
Sai, Prov. Rio; spec, examined by C. E. H.); BERLEPSCH and LEVERKUHN,
Ornis, 6, 1890, p. 26 in text (Santa Catharina; the specimen, examined by
C. E. H. in Berlepsch Collection, is from Blumenau); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit.
Mus., 15, 1890, p. 243 (se. Brazil; descr. o"); JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 5,
1902, p. 276 (Iguap6, S. Paulo; spec, examined by C. E. H.); idem, Cat. P.
Braz., i, 1907, p. 208 (Iguap6, Ubatuba, S. Paulo; spec, examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, in states of Rio de Janeiro (Registo
do Sai), Sao Paulo (Iguape, Ubatuba) and Santa Catharina (Blumenau).

Myrmotherula behni behni Berlepsch and Leverkuhn* BERN'S ANT
WREN.

Myrmotherula behni BERLEPSCH and LEVERKUHN, Ornis, 6, Jan. 1890, p. 25,
pi. i, fig. 2 (part; type from "Bogota," now in Berlin Museum examined
by C. E. H.).

Myrmotherula inornata SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 243 (part;
Bogota).

Range: Colombia (only known from "Bogota" collections).

Myrmotherula behni inornata Sdater* GUIANA ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula inornata SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 243 (part;

Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Roraima, Brit. Guiana; we designate Roraima

as type locality).
Myrmotherula behni BERLEPSCH and LEVERKUHN, Ornis, 6, 1890, p. 25 (part;

Roraima).
Myrmophila behni (not of BERLEPSCH and LEVERKUHN) CHUBB, Birds Brit.

Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 33 (Supenaam River, Bartica, Makauria R., Roraima,

Camacusa).

Range: British Guiana.
Myrmotherula urosticta (Sclater) . BAHIA ANT WREN.

(??) Formicivora brevicauda SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 2, No. 6, July 1825, p. 148

Myrmotherula behni behni BERL. and LEVERK. : Similar to M. unicolor, to
which it may prove to be subspecifically related, but larger with much stronger
bill; male much deeper plumbeous with the black gular patch extended over the fore-
neck and not concealed by slate gray edges, and grayish (not pure white) under
wing coverts; female much darker, olivaceous brown below, the throat only being
whitish. Wing (three jfd 1 ) 54-54^, (one 9) 53#; tail 29-31; bill 13^-14. Four
"Bogota" skins, including the type, examined by C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula behni inornata SCLATER: Differs from M. b. behni in larger size,
the tail being particularly longer, and darker plumbeous coloration of the male, with
more black on foreneck. Wing (three cfo") 56^-58, (one 9) 56; tail 36-38; bill
13^2-14. Four specimens from Roraima examined by C. E. H.

Myrmotherula urosticta (SCLATER) : The female may be easily distinguished
from that of M. axillaris luctuosa, found in the same districts of Brazil, by shorter
tail, smaller bill, clear cinereous upper parts, much more conspicuous, dingy white

1924- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS CORY. 161

(Humildez, Bahia; descr. o"; type lost, formerly in Coll. W. Swainson').
Formicivora urosticta SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, 1857, p. 130, pi. 126, fig. i

("in Brasilia orientali"; descr. o" ad.).
Myrmotherula urosticta SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 238 (Brazil; descr.

o"); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 242 (Bahia; descr. cf); HARTERT,

Kat. Samml. Mus. Senckenb. Ges., 1891, p. in, note 202 (Brazil = Bahia;

spec, in Mus. Frankfurt examined by C. E. H.; descr. 9); HELLMAYR,

Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, 1906, p. 664, 666 (Bahia; descr.

d", 9 ); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 207 (Pao Gigante, Espirito Santo);

LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2), 1921, p. 99 (Ilh6os-Belmonte, s. Bahia).
Myiothera fuliginosa LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., 1823, p. 45

No. 483 (part; Brazil; spec, examined by C. E. H.).
Myrmotherula luctuosa (nee PELZELN) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, Sept. 1868, p .82,

i53 (part; 9, Bahia; spec, in Vienna Museum examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Southeastern Brazil, in states of Bahia and Espirito Santo.

*Myrmotherula menetriesii cinereiventris Sclater and Salvin. GRAY-
THROATED ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula cinereiventris SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., "1867," publ.
1868, p. 756 (part; descr. d"; Cayenne, Surinam; type locality is Cayenne;
see SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890, p. 244); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 426
(Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Brit. Guiana); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 244 (part; spec, a-f, Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Brit. Guiana;
Cayenne, Surinam); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, 1905, p. 286 (Igarapfi-
Assu, Para); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 55, 1907, p. 285 (Para, S. Antonio);
BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 156 (Ipousin, R. Approuague, French
Guiana); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 61, 1913, p. 528 (ecology); idem,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 286 (part; Para [Providencia, S. Antonio],
R. Guama, R. Tocantins; Rio Curud; Rio Jamauchim; Obidos, Rio Jary).

Myrmotherula cinereiventris cinereiventris HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, 1906,
p. 368 (S. Antonio do Prata, Para); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull.,
2, 1916, p. 284 (La Union, Mato River, Caura R.).

Myrmotherula menetriesii cinereiventris HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math, naturw. Kl.
Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, 1912, p. 45 (part; d"d\ No. 1,165-66, Peixe-Boi,
Para; Alcobaca, R. Tocantins), 92 (Para localities).

Myrmotherula cinereiventris pattida BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9,
1902, p. 74 (part; Suapure, La Pricion, La Union, Nicare, Caura R.).

apical spots to the larger wing coverts, paler buff under surface with whitish throat
and cinereous flanks, distinct whitish terminal margins to the rectrices, etc. The male
is altogether different, being more like M . menetriesi berlepschi in general coloration,
but at once recognizable by the long white tips to the lateral rectrices. Wing (four
o" o") 50-54, (two 99) 50-51; tail 30-34; bill 12-13. Seven specimens from Bahia
examined by C. E. H.

Swainson's description cannot be identified with any degree of certainty.
At any event it does not apply to M . minor to which it had been referred by authors,
the latter species not being found in the State of Bahia. C. E. H.

162 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Myrmotherula berlepschi (not of HELLMAYR) SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56,
1908, p. 532 (Alcobaca, R. Tocantins; spec, examined by C. E. H.); idem,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 285 (part; Alcobaga, R. Tocantins).

Poliolaema cinereiventris CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, 1921, p. 35 (Brit. Guiana).

Range: The Guianas; eastern Venezuela (Caura Valley); northern
Brazil, on the north bank of the Amazon from the Jary to Obidos,
south of that river from Maranhao to the right bank of the Tapaj6z
(Rio Jamauchim).*

3: Brazil (Tury-assu, Maranhao 3).

Myrmotherula menetriesii pallida Berlepsch and Hartert. b WESTERN
GRAY-THROATED ANT WREN.

Myrmotherula cinereiventris pallida BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9,
1902, p. 74 (part; Munduapo, Nericagua [type], Bichaco, Maipures, Capuano,
R. Orinoco, Venezuela); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, 1916,
p. 284 (upper Orinoco, from near the mouth of the Meta River upwards,
foot of Mt. Duida).

Myrmopagis cinereiventris pallida CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36,
I9 1 ?! P- 376 (La Morelia, se. Colombia).

Myrmotherula cinereiventris (not of SCLATER and SAL VIM) PELZELN, Orn. Bras.,
2, 1868, p. 8 1 (Marabitanas, upper Rio Negro; spec, in Vienna Museum exam-
ined by C. E. H.); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 750 (Chya-
vetas, n. Peru), 756 (part, descr. 9 ; Rio Napo, Chyavetas, e. Peru), 978
(Pebas); idem, 1. c., 1873, p. 274 (part; Chyavetas, Pebas; spec, in Brit. Mus.
examined by C. E. H.); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 30 (Yuri-
maguas); idem, Orn. Perou, 2, 1884, p. 43 (descr. o", 9 ; hab. part; Yuri-
maguas, Chyavetas, Pebas); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, 1890 p. 244
(part; spec, i-v, Pebas, Iquitos, Chyavetas, n. Peru; Sarayacu, Rio Napo,
e. Ecuador).

Myrmotherula longipennis (not of PELZELN) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,
1890, p. 241 (part; spec, o, "Bogota," examined by C. E. H.).

Range: Southern Venezuela (Orinoco Valley, from the mouth of the
Meta River upwards); eastern Colombia (Caquetd-Putumayo region,
also found in "Bogota" collections); eastern Ecuador; northwestern

Twenty-six specimens (British Guiana 6, French Guiana r, Para district 8,
Rio Tocantins i, Caura River 10) examined. Birds from the Para district appear
to be inseparable from cinereiventris, although some of the females are remarkably
dark ochraceous underneath. A series from the Caura River, e. Venezuela, are, no
doubt, referable to the Guianan race and not to pallida, with which they had been
associated by Berlepsch and Hartert. An adult male with a small black spot on
lower throat from Alcobaca, Rio Tocantins, determined by Miss Snethlage as
M. berlepschi is certainly but an individual aberration, disclosing the near relation
to the black-throated races. Similarly marked specimens also occur in ne. Peru
where the ranges of pallida and menetriesii meet. -C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula menetriesii pallida BERL. and HART.: Male similar to M. m.
cinereiventris in having the throat gray like the breast, but general color, especially
below, decidedly paler slate gray with more white on the under tail coverts; female
with upper parts generally grayish rather than brownish olive.

1924. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS CORY. 163

Brazil (Marabitanas, on the upper Rio Negro) and the most northerly
parts of Peru in Dept. Loreto (north bank of Maranon, on the south
bank only west of the Huallaga (Yurimaguas, Chyavetas.)'

Myrmotherula menetriesii menetriesii (D'0rbigny). b MENETRIES'S
ANT WREN.

Myrmothera menetriesii D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r. me'rid., Ois., Oct. 1838, p. 184

(Yuracares, n. Bolivia; type in Paris Museum examined by C. E. H. ; = o" ad.).
Myrmotherula menetriesi SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, 1858, p. 237 (part; Bolivia;

Chamicuros, e. Peru); HELLMAYR, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 53, 1903,

p. 210 (Yuracares, San Mateo, n. Bolivia); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR,

Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (gth ser.), 8, 1906, p. 51 (Yuracares [type]; ne. Peru;

crit.); JHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, 1907, p. 208 (Rio Jurua); SNETHLAGE,

Journ. Ornith., 56, 1908, p. 16 (Bom Lugar, Ponte Alegre, Rio Verde, R. Purus;

spec, examined by C. E. H.); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 284 (same

localities).
Myrmotherula menetriesii HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 69 (Teffe', Rio

Solimoes).
Myrmotherula menetriesii menetriesii HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 351

(synon.; range); idem, Arch. . Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, 1920, p. 98 (Yahuar-

mayo, Rio Inambari, n. Puno, se. Peru), 99 (range); idem, Nov. Zool., 28,

1921, p. 206 (Yuracares, Bolivia; crit.).
Myrmotherula boliviano BERLEPSCH, Journ. Ornith., 49, 1901, p. 96 (San Mateo,

n. Bolivia; types in Coll. Berlepsch examined by C. E. H.; descr. o", 9 ).
Myrmotherula brevicauda juruana JHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, 1905, p. 440

(Rio Jurua; type in Mus. Paul, examined by C. E. H.; descr. o").
Myrmotherula longipennis (not of PELZELN) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15,

1890, p. 241 (part; spec, p, q, Rio Javarri, Chamicuros, e. Peru; spec, in

Brit. Mus. examined by C. E H.).
Myrmotherula sp. ?, TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 53 (Monterico,

ne. Ayacucho; two 99).
Myrmotherula cinereiventris (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) TACZANOWSKI, Orn.

P6r., 2, 1884, p. 43 (part; Chamicuros, Monterico).

Range: Northern Bolivia (Yuracares, Rio San Mateo); eastern
Peru (Yahuarmayo, Rio Inambari, northern Puno; Monterico, east of

Twenty-five specimens examined. Birds from e. Ecuador (4 from Sara-
yacu), Colombia (three o"d", one 9 "Bogota", i Cuembi, Rio Putumayo) and
Peru ( i Pebas, i Iquitos, i Rio Tigr6, Rio Maranon ;2 Chyavetas) agree in coloration with
the pale race described from the upper Orinoco (4 from Nericagua, the type local-
ity, 6 from the foot of Mt. Duida), to which a couple from Marabitanas, Rio Negro,
also belongs. One male each from "Bogota" and Chyavetas have a small black spot
on middle of foreneck, thus pointing to the black-throated menetriesii which takes
its place east of the Huallaga and on the south bank of the Rio Solimoes. C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula menetriesii menetriesii (D'ORBIG.): Male differs from M. m.
pallida by having a varying amount of black along the middle of throat and
foreneck ; female not certainly distinguishable, but upper parts generally more purely
cinereous, without or with very little olive tinge. Wing (d") 51-56, (9) 5O-54I
tail 26-31; bill 13^-14. Sixteen d"o", nine 9 9 examined by C. E. H.

1 64 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII.

Huanta, northeastern Ayacucho), west to the Huallaga; western Brazil
(Rio Purvis; Rio Jurua; Teffe", Rio Solimoes; Rio Javarri). 4

Myrmotherula menetriesii berlepschi Hellmayr. b BERLEPSCH'S ANT
WREN.

Myrmotherula berlepschi HELLMAYR, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 53, 1903, p. 211
(Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira; descr. o\ 9); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 56,
1908, p. 512 (Villa Braga, R. Tapaj6z; spec, examined by C. E. H.); idem,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 285 (part; Villa Braga).

Myrmotherula menetriesii berlepschi HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, 1910, p. 350
(Calama, Rio Madeira; Maroins, Rio Machados; crit.), 351 (range).

Myrmotherula menetriesii (not of D'ORBIGNY) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., a, Sept.
1868, p. 82 (Salto do Girao, Ribeirao, Rio Madeira).

Myrmotherula cinereiventris (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) HELLMAYR, Nov.
Zool., 14, 1907, p. 384 (Borba, Rio Madeira); idem, 1. c., 17, 1910, p. 351
(Borba); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, 1914, p. 285 (part; Villa Braga).

Range: Northern Brazil, from the upper Rio Madeira and its
affluents (Rio Machados and Rio Roosevelt) east to the Tapaj6z (Villa
Braga, left bank). 8

There does not appear to be any constant difference between Brazilian, Boliv-
ian and Peruvian examples. While the black gular patch in the male is, as a rule,
well developed, occasionally specimens with only a small black spot in the middle
of the foreneck may be found, which are almost indistinguishable from M. m.
Pallida. An adult male from Chamicuros, east of the Huallaga, n. Peru, is an extreme
black-throated example, whereas specimens from Yurimaguas and Chyavetas,
west of the Huallaga, and from the north bank of the Maranon, represent the gray-
throated race pallida. It would thus appear that the valleys of the Marafion and
Huallaga separate the ranges of pallida and menetriesii. C. E. H.

b Myrmotherula menetriesii berlepschi HELLMAYR: Differs from M. m. mene-
triesii by the clearer cinereous (less bluish) coloration, especially below; paler, more
whitish gray sides of the head, and by the very distinct black subapical band on the
rectrices which is frequently, though not always, absent or barely indicated in the
typical race. Female readily distinguished by having the upper wing coverts mainly
bright cinnamon brown (instead of dull grayish with obsolete buffy olive edges),
the outer web of the quills cinnamon instead of olive gray, and the tail feathers
warm brown, edged wit